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Steiner JL, Johnson BR, Hickner RC, Ormsbee MJ, Williamson DL, Gordon BS. Adrenal stress hormone action in skeletal muscle during exercise training: An old dog with new tricks? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13522. [PMID: 32506657 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is a key component of a healthy lifestyle as it helps maintain a healthy body weight and reduces the risk of various morbidities and co-morbidities. Exercise is an acute physiological stress that initiates a multitude of processes that attempt to restore physiological homeostasis and promote adaptation. A component of the stress response to exercise is the rapid release of hormones from the adrenal gland including glucocorticoids, the catecholamines and aldosterone. While each hormone targets several tissues throughout the body, skeletal muscle is of interest as it is central to physical function and various metabolic processes. Indeed, adrenal stress hormones have been shown to elicit specific performance benefits on the muscle. However, how the acute, short-lived release of these stress hormones during exercise influences adaptations of skeletal muscle to long-term training remains largely unknown. Thus, the objective of this review was to briefly highlight the known impact of adrenal stress hormones on skeletal muscle metabolism and function (Old Dog), and critically examine the current evidence supporting a role for these endogenous hormones in mediating long-term training adaptations in skeletal muscle (New Tricks).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Steiner
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Bonde R. Johnson
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Robert C. Hickner
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
- Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Durban South Africa
| | - Michael J. Ormsbee
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
- Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Durban South Africa
| | - David L. Williamson
- Kinesiology Program School of Behavioral Sciences and Education Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg Middletown PA USA
| | - Bradley S. Gordon
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
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Jordão MR, Pessoa FG, Fonseca KC, Zanoni F, Salemi VM, Souza LE, Ribeiro ON, Fernandes F, Irigoyen MC, Moreira LFP, Mady C, Ramires FJA. Effects of sympathectomy on myocardium remodeling and function. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e1958. [PMID: 33503174 PMCID: PMC7798118 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of sympathectomy on the myocardium in an experimental model. METHODS The study evaluated three groups of male Wistar rats: control (CT; n=15), left unilateral sympathectomy (UNI; n=15), and bilateral sympathectomy (BIL; n=31). Sympathectomy was performed by injection of absolute alcohol into the space of the spinous process of the C7 vertebra. After 6 weeks, we assessed the chronotropic properties at rest and stress, cardiovascular autonomic modulation, myocardial and peripheral catecholamines, and beta-adrenergic receptors in the myocardium. The treadmill test consisted of an escalated protocol with a velocity increment until the maximal velocity tolerated by the animal was reached. RESULTS The bilateral group had higher levels of peripheral catecholamines, and consequently, a higher heart rate (HR) and blood pressure levels. This suggests that the activation of a compensatory pathway in this group may have deleterious effects. The BIL group had basal tachycardia immediately before the exercise test and increased tachycardia at peak exercise (p<0.01); the blood pressure had the same pattern (p=0.0365). The variables related to autonomic modulation were not significantly different between groups, with the exception of the high frequency (HF) variable, which showed significant differences in CT vs UNI. There was no significant difference in beta receptor expression between groups. There was a higher concentration of peripheral norepinephrine in the BIL group (p=0.0001), and no significant difference in myocardial norepinephrine (p=0.09). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that an extra cardiac compensatory pathway increases the sympathetic tonus and maintains a higher HR and higher levels of peripheral catecholamines in the procedure groups. The increase in HF activity can be interpreted as an attempt to increase the parasympathetic tonus to balance the greater sympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Rodrigues Jordão
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Fernanda G. Pessoa
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Keila C.B. Fonseca
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Fernando Zanoni
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Vera M.C. Salemi
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Leandro E. Souza
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Orlando N. Ribeiro
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Fábio Fernandes
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Maria Claudia Irigoyen
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Luiz Felipe P. Moreira
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Charles Mady
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Felix Jose Alvarez Ramires
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Schladweiler MC, Miller CN, Dye JA, Ledbetter AD, Richards JE, Hargrove MM, Williams WC, Kodavanti UP. Beta-2 Adrenergic and Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists Modulate Ozone-Induced Pulmonary Protein Leakage and Inflammation in Healthy and Adrenalectomized Rats. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:288-305. [PMID: 30379318 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that acute ozone inhalation activates sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal stress axes, and adrenalectomy (AD) inhibits ozone-induced lung injury and inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that stress hormone receptor agonists (β2 adrenergic-β2AR and glucocorticoid-GR) will restore the ozone injury phenotype in AD, while exacerbating effects in sham-surgery (SH) rats. Male Wistar Kyoto rats that underwent SH or AD were treated with vehicles (saline + corn oil) or β2AR agonist clenbuterol (CLEN, 0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) + GR agonist dexamethasone (DEX, 2 mg/kg, s.c.) for 1 day and immediately prior to each day of exposure to filtered air or ozone (0.8 ppm, 4 h/day for 1 or 2 days). Ozone-induced increases in PenH and peak-expiratory flow were exacerbated in CLEN+DEX-treated SH and AD rats. CLEN+DEX affected breath waveform in all rats. Ozone exposure in vehicle-treated SH rats increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein, N-acetyl glucosaminidase activity (macrophage activation), neutrophils, and lung cytokine expression while reducing circulating lymphocyte subpopulations. AD reduced these ozone effects in vehicle-treated rats. At the doses used herein, CLEN+DEX treatment reversed the protection offered by AD and exacerbated most ozone-induced lung effects while diminishing circulating lymphocytes. CLEN+DEX in air-exposed SH rats also induced marked protein leakage and reduced circulating lymphocytes but did not increase BALF neutrophils. In conclusion, circulating stress hormones and their receptors mediate ozone-induced vascular leakage and inflammatory cell trafficking to the lung. Those receiving β2AR and GR agonists for chronic pulmonary diseases, or with increased circulating stress hormones due to psychosocial stresses, might have altered sensitivity to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres R Henriquez
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Colette N Miller
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Janice A Dye
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Judy E Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Marie M Hargrove
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Wanda C Williams
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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Pfaffl MW, Riedmaier-Sprenzel I. New surveillance concepts in food safety in meat producing animals: the advantage of high throughput 'omics' technologies - A review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:1062-1071. [PMID: 29879820 PMCID: PMC6039326 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The misuse of anabolic hormones or illegal drugs is a ubiquitous problem in animal husbandry and in food safety. The ban on growth promotants in food producing animals in the European Union is well controlled. However, application regimens that are difficult to detect persist, including newly designed anabolic drugs and complex hormone cocktails. Therefore identification of molecular endogenous biomarkers which are based on the physiological response after the illicit treatment has become a focus of detection methods. The analysis of the ‘transcriptome’ has been shown to have promise to discover the misuse of anabolic drugs, by indirect detection of their pharmacological action in organs or selected tissues. Various studies have measured gene expression changes after illegal drug or hormone application. So-called transcriptomic biomarkers were quantified at the mRNA and/or microRNA level by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technology or by more modern ‘omics’ and high throughput technologies including RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). With the addition of advanced bioinformatical approaches such as hierarchical clustering analysis or dynamic principal components analysis, a valid ‘biomarker signature’ can be established to discriminate between treated and untreated individuals. It has been shown in numerous animal and cell culture studies, that identification of treated animals is possible via our transcriptional biomarker approach. The high throughput sequencing approach is also capable of discovering new biomarker candidates and, in combination with quantitative RT-qPCR, validation and confirmation of biomarkers has been possible. These results from animal production and food safety studies demonstrate that analysis of the transcriptome has high potential as a new screening method using transcriptional ‘biomarker signatures’ based on the physiological response triggered by illegal substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Pfaffl
- Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich Weihenstephan, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Irmgard Riedmaier-Sprenzel
- Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich Weihenstephan, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany.,Eurofins Medigenomix Forensik GmbH, Anzinger Straße 7a, 85560 Ebersberg, Germany
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Zhao L, Yang S, Cheng Y, Hou C, You X, Zhao J, Zhang Y, He W. Identification of transcriptional biomarkers by RNA-sequencing for improved detection of β2-agonists abuse in goat skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181695. [PMID: 28746361 PMCID: PMC5528896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to search for transcriptional biomarkers for β2-agonists. In combination with drug mechanisms, a smaller group of genes with higher detection accuracy was screened out. Unknown samples were first predicted by this group of genes, and liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) was applied to positive samples to validate the biomarkers. The results of principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) indicated that the eight genes screened by high-throughput RNA-seq were able to distinguish samples in the experimental group and control group. Compared with the nine genes selected from an earlier literature, 17 genes including these nine genes were proven to have a more satisfactory effect, which validated the accuracy of gene selection by RNA-seq. Then, six key genes were selected from the 17 genes according to the variable importance in projection (VIP) value of greater than 1. The test results using the six genes and 17 genes were similar, revealing that the six genes were critical genes. By using the six genes, three positive samples possibly treated with drugs were screened out from 25 unknown samples through DA and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Then, the three samples were verified by a standard method, and mapenterol was detected in a sample. Therefore, the six genes can be used as biomarkers to detect β2-agonists. Compared with the previous study, accurate detection of β2-agonists abuse using six key genes is an improvement method, which show great significance in the monitoring of β2-agonists abuse in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yongyou Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Can Hou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinyong You
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenjing He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
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Knych HK, Harrison LM, Steinmetz SJ, Chouicha N, Kass PH. Differential expression of skeletal muscle genes following administration of clenbuterol to exercised horses. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:596. [PMID: 27506674 PMCID: PMC4979108 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clenbuterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is used therapeutically to treat respiratory conditions in the horse. However, by virtue of its mechanism of action it has been suggested that clenbuterol may also have repartitioning affects in horses and as such the potential to affect performance. Clenbuterol decreases the percent fat and increases fat-free mass following high dose administration in combination with intense exercise in horses. In the current study, microarray analysis and real-time PCR were used to study the temporal effects of low and high dose chronic clenbuterol administration on differential gene expression of several skeletal muscle myosin heavy chains, genes involved in lipid metabolism and the β2-adrenergic receptor. The effect of clenbuterol administration on differential gene expression has not been previously reported in the horse, therefore the primary objective of the current study was to describe clenbuterol-induced temporal changes in gene expression following chronic oral administration of clenbuterol at both high and low doses. Results Steady state clenbuterol concentrations were achieved at approximately 50 h post administration of the first dose for the low dose regimen and at approximately 18–19 days (10 days post administration of 3.2 μg/kg) for the escalating dosing regimen. Following chronic administration of the low dose (0.8 μg/kg BID) of clenbuterol, a total of 114 genes were differentially expressed, however, none of these changes were found to be significant following FDR adjustment of the p-values. A total of 7,093 genes were differentially expressed with 3,623 genes up regulated and 3,470 genes down regulated following chronic high dose administration. Of the genes selected for further study by real-time PCR, down-regulation of genes encoding myosin heavy chains 2 and 7, steroyl CoA desaturase and the β2-adrenergic receptor were noted. For most genes, expression levels returned towards baseline levels following cessation of drug administration. Conclusion This study showed no evidence of modified gene expression following chronic low dose administration of clenbuterol to horses. However, following chronic administration of high doses of clenbuterol alterations were noted in transcripts encoding various myosin heavy chains, lipid metabolizing enzymes and the β2-adrenergic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Knych
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | | | - Stacy J Steinmetz
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Nadira Chouicha
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Phil H Kass
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
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Zhao L, Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Hou C, Cheng Y, You X, Gu X, Zhao Z, Muhammad Tarique T. New Analytical Tool for the Detection of Ractopamine Abuse in Goat Skeletal Muscle by Potential Gene Expression Biomarkers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1861-1867. [PMID: 26886866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, quantification of mRNA gene expression was examined as biomarkers to detect ractopamaine abuse and ractopamaine residues in cashmere goats. It was focused on the identification of potential gene expression biomarkers and describing the coreletionship between gene expression and residue level by 58 animals for 49 days. The results showed that administration periods and residue levels significantly influenced mRNA expressions of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR), the enzymes PRKACB, ADCY3, ATP1A3, ATP2A3, PTH, and MYLK, and the immune factors IL-1β and TNF-α. Statistical analysis like principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and discriminant analysis (DA) showed that these genes can serve as potential biomarkers for ractopamine in skeletal muscle and that they are also suitable for describing different residue levels separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhao
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Can Hou
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yongyou Cheng
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xinyong You
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xu Gu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 10081, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 10081, PR China
| | - Tunio Muhammad Tarique
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
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Ijiri D, Ishitani K, Shimamoto S, Ishimaru Y, Ohtsuka A. The effects of intraperitoneal clenbuterol injection on protein degradation and myostatin expression differ between the sartorius and pectoral muscles of neonatal chicks. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 206:111-7. [PMID: 25117456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of injection of the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist clenbuterol on the skeletal muscles of neonatal chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus). One-day-old chicks were randomly divided into four groups and given a single intraperitoneal injection of clenbuterol (0.01, 0.1, or 1mg/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline. Twenty-four hours after the injection, the sartorius muscles (which consist of both slow- and fast-twitch fibers) of chicks that received 0.01 or 0.1mg/kg clenbuterol were significantly heavier than those of controls, while there were no between-group differences in the weight of the pectoral muscles, which consist of only fast-twitch fibers. Muscle free N(t)-methylhistidine, regarded as an index of myofibrillar proteolysis, was decreased in the sartorius muscle of the clenbuterol-injected chicks, while it was not affected in the pectoral muscles. In the sartorius muscle of the clenbuterol-injected chicks, myostatin and atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA expressions were decreased, while insulin-like growth factor-I was unaffected. These observations suggested, in 1-day-old chicks, clenbuterol might increase mass of the sartorius muscle by decreasing myostatin gene expression and protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Ijiri
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Kanae Ishitani
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Saki Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ishimaru
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Tanaka TD, Lancaster JJ, Juneman E, Bahl JJ, Goldman S. Clenbuterol plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor regulates stem/progenitor cell mobilization and exerts beneficial effect by increasing neovascularization in rats with heart failure. J Card Fail 2014; 19:503-8. [PMID: 23834926 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists with myeloid cytokines, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been reported to enhance stem/progenitor cell mobilization and proliferation in ischemic myocardium. However, whether the combination therapy of G-CSF and clenbuterol (Clen) contributes to improved left ventricular (LV) function remains uncertain. We investigated whether this combination therapy induced bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cell mobilization, neovascularization, and altered LV function after acute myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS Following MI, rats were treated with single Clen, high-dose Clen, and G-CSF + Clen. We evaluated LV function and remodeling with the use of echocardiography in addition to hemodynamics 3 weeks after MI. Treatment with G-CSF + Clen increased (P < .05), compared with no treatment, LV ejection fraction 46 ± 3% vs 34 ± 2%, LV dP/dt 5,789 ± 394 mm Hg vs 4,503 ± 283 mm Hg, and the percentage of circulating CD34+ cells, appearing to correlate with improvements in LV function. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy improved LV function 3 weeks after MI, suggesting that G-CSF + Clen might augment stem/progenitor cell migration, contributing to tissue healing. These data raise the possibility that enhancing endogenous bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cell mobilization may be a new treatment for ischemic heart failure after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu D Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85723 , USA
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A modified approach to induce predictable congestive heart failure by volume overload in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87531. [PMID: 24498127 PMCID: PMC3909118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The model of infrarenal aortocaval fistula (ACF) has recently gained new interest in its use to investigate cardiac pathophysiology. Since in previous investigations the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) was inconsistent and started to develop earliest 8–10 weeks after fistula induction using a 18G needle, this project aimed to induce a predictable degree of CHF within a definite time period using a modified approach. An aortocaval fistula was induced in male Wistar rats using a 16G needle as a modification of the former 18G needle-technique described by Garcia and Diebold. Results revealed within 28±2 days of ACF significantly increased heart and lung weight indices in the ACF group accompanied by elevated filling pressure. All hemodynamic parameters derived from a pressure-volume conductance-catheter in vivo were significantly altered in the ACF consistent with severe systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction. This was accompanied by systemic neurohumoral activation as demonstrated by elevated rBNP-45 plasma concentrations in every rat of the ACF group. Furthermore, the restriction in overall cardiac function was associated with a β1- and β2-adrenoreceptor mRNA downregulation in the left ventricle. In contrast, β3-adrenoreceptor mRNA was upregulated. Finally, electron microscopy of the left ventricle of rats in the ACF group showed signs of progressive subcellular myocardial fragmentation. In conclusion, the morphometric, hemodynamic and neurohumoral characterization of the modified approach revealed predictable and consistent signs of congestive heart failure within 28±2 days. Therefore, this modified approach might facilitate the examination of various questions specific to CHF and allow for pharmacological interventions to determine pathophysiological pathways.
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11
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Sato S, Shirato K, Mitsuhashi R, Inoue D, Kizaki T, Ohno H, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi K. Intracellular β2-adrenergic receptor signaling specificity in mouse skeletal muscle in response to single-dose β2-agonist clenbuterol treatment and acute exercise. J Physiol Sci 2013; 63:211-8. [PMID: 23508836 PMCID: PMC3633781 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the intracellular β2-adrenergic receptor signaling specificity in mouse slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, resulting from single-dose β2-agonist clenbuterol treatment and acute exercise. At 1, 4, and 24 h after single-dose treatment with clenbuterol or after acute running exercise, the soleus and TA muscles were isolated and subjected to analysis. The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) increased after single-dose clenbuterol treatment and acute exercise in the soleus muscle but not in the TA muscle. Although there was no change in the phosphorylation of Akt after acute exercise in either muscle, phosphorylation of Akt in the soleus muscle increased after single-dose clenbuterol treatment, whereas that in the TA muscle remained unchanged. These results suggest that p38 MAPK and Akt pathways play a functional role in the adaptation to clenbuterol treatment and exercise, particularly in slow-twitch muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
| | - Ken Shirato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mitsuhashi
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
| | - Takako Kizaki
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611 Japan
| | - Hideki Ohno
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611 Japan
| | - Kaoru Tachiyashiki
- Department of Natural and Living Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Joetsu University of Education, 1 Yamayashiki, Joetsu, Niigata 943-8512 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imaizumi
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
- Global COE Doctoral Program, Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
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12
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Shirato K, Sato S, Sato M, Hashizume Y, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi K. β 2-Agonist Clenbuterol Suppresses Bacterial Phagocytosis of Splenic Macrophages Expressing High Levels of Macrophage Receptor with Collagenous Structure. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:475-80. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shirato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Shogo Sato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Madoka Sato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Yoko Hashizume
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Kaoru Tachiyashiki
- Department of Natural and Living Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Joetsu University of Education
| | - Kazuhiko Imaizumi
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
- Global COE Doctoral Program, Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University
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13
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Sato S, Shirato K, Kizaki T, Ohno H, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi K. Effects of β2-agonists and exercise on β2-adrenergic receptor signaling in skeletal muscles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2012. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.1.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Sato S, Suzuki H, Tsujimoto H, Shirato K, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi K. Casted-immobilization downregulates glucocorticoid receptor expression in rat slow-twitch soleus muscle. Life Sci 2011; 89:962-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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15
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Muscle plasticity and β₂-adrenergic receptors: adaptive responses of β₂-adrenergic receptor expression to muscle hypertrophy and atrophy. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:729598. [PMID: 22190857 PMCID: PMC3228688 DOI: 10.1155/2011/729598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We discuss the functional roles of β2-adrenergic receptors in skeletal
muscle hypertrophy and atrophy as well as
the adaptive responses of β2-adrenergic receptor expression to anabolic and catabolic conditions. β2-Adrenergic receptor stimulation using
anabolic drugs increases muscle mass by promoting
muscle protein synthesis and/or attenuating
protein degradation. These effects are prevented
by the downregulation of the receptor. Endurance
training improves oxidative performance partly
by increasing β2-adrenergic receptor density in
exercise-recruited slow-twitch muscles. However,
excessive stimulation of β2-adrenergic receptors negates their beneficial effects. Although the preventive effects of β2-adrenergic receptor stimulation on
atrophy induced by muscle disuse and catabolic
hormones or drugs are observed, these catabolic
conditions decrease β2-adrenergic receptor expression in
slow-twitch muscles. These findings present
evidence against the use of β2-adrenergic agonists in therapy for muscle wasting and weakness. Thus, β2-adrenergic receptors in the skeletal
muscles play an important physiological role in
the regulation of protein and energy balance.
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16
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Higashino-Matsui Y, Shirato K, Suzuki Y, Kawashima Y, Someya Y, Sato S, Shiraishi A, Jinde M, Matsumoto A, Ideno H, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi K. Age-related effects of fasting on ketone body production during lipolysis in rats. Environ Health Prev Med 2011; 17:157-63. [PMID: 21850422 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-011-0231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The age-related effects of fasting on lipolysis, the production of ketone bodies, and plasma insulin levels were studied in male 3-, 8-, and 32-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS The rats were divided into fasting and control groups. The 3-, 8- and 32-week-old rats tolerated fasting for 2, 5, and 12 days, respectively. RESULTS Fasting markedly reduced the weights of perirenal and periepididymal white adipose tissues in rats in the three age groups. The mean rates of reduction in both these adipose tissue weights during fasting periods were higher in the order of 3 > 8 > 32-week-old rats. Fasting transiently increased plasma free fatty acid (FFA), total ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate concentrations in the rats in the three age groups. However, plasma FFA, total ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate concentrations in the 3-week-old rats reached maximal peak within 2 days after the onset of fasting, although these concentrations in the 8- and 32-week-old rats took more than 2 days to reach the maximal peak. By contrast, the augmentation of plasma FFA, total ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate concentrations in the rats in the three age groups had declined at the end of each experimental period. Thus, the capacity for fat mobilization was associated with tolerance to fasting. Plasma insulin concentrations in the rats in the three age groups were dramatically reduced during fasting periods, although basal levels of insulin were higher in the order of 32 > 8 > 3 week-old rats. CONCLUSION These results suggest that differences in fat metabolism patterns among rats in the three age groups during prolonged fasting were partly reflected the metabolic turnover rates, plasma insulin levels, and amounts of fat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Higashino-Matsui
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
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17
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Jiang GL, Gu YD, Zhang LY, Shen LY, Yu C, Xu JG. Randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial of clenbuterol in denervated muscle atrophy. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2011; 2011:981254. [PMID: 22389867 PMCID: PMC3263717 DOI: 10.5402/2011/981254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. β2-adrenergic agonists, such as clenbuterol, have been shown to promote the hypertrophy of healthy skeletal muscles and to ameliorate muscle wasting in a few pathological conditions in both animals and humans. We intended to investigate the clinical efficacy of clenbuterol on attenuating denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Methods. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, and randomized trial was employed. 71 patients, suffering from brachial plexus injuries, were given either clenbuterol (60 μg, bid) or placebo for 3 months. Before and at the end of the study, patients were given physical examinations, biopsies of biceps brachii, electromyograms (EMGs), and other laboratory tests. Results. Compared with placebo treatment, clenbuterol significantly mitigated the decreases in cross-sectional areas of type I and II muscle fibers and alleviated the reduction in fibrillation potential amplitudes, without any adverse effects. Conclusions. Clenbuterol safely ameliorated denervated muscle atrophy in this cohort; thus larger clinical studies are encouraged for this or other β2 agonists on denervation-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Liang Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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18
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SAKAKIBARA Y, SATO S, KAWASHIMA Y, SOMEYA Y, SHIRATO K, TACHIYASHIKI K, IMAIZUMI K. Different Recovery Responses from Dietary Zinc-Deficiency in the Distribution of Rat Granulocytes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2011; 57:197-201. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Sato S, Shirato K, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi K. Synthesized glucocorticoid, dexamethasone regulates the expressions of .BETA.2-adrenoceptor and glucocorticoid receptor mRNAs but not proteins in slow-twitch soleus muscle of rats. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 36:479-86. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Ken Shirato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Kaoru Tachiyashiki
- Department of Natural and Living Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Joetsu University of Education
| | - Kazuhiko Imaizumi
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
- Global COE Doctoral Program, Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University
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20
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Sakakibara Y, Sato S, Shirato K, Arai N, Aritoshi S, Ogawa-Nakata N, Kawashima Y, Someya Y, Akimoto S, Jinde M, Shiraishi A, Ideno H, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi K. Dietary zinc-deficiency and its recovery responses in the thermogenesis of rats. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 36:681-5. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Sakakibara
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Shogo Sato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Ken Shirato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Natsuko Arai
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Shoko Aritoshi
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Naho Ogawa-Nakata
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | | | - Yui Someya
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Shunta Akimoto
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Manabu Jinde
- School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | | | - Hisashi Ideno
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Kaoru Tachiyashiki
- Department of Natural and Living Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Joetsu University of Education
| | - Kazuhiko Imaizumi
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
- Global COE Doctoral Program, Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University
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21
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Sato S, Nomura S, Kawano F, Tanihata J, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi K. Adaptive effects of the beta2-agonist clenbuterol on expression of beta2-adrenoceptor mRNA in rat fast-twitch fiber-rich muscles. J Physiol Sci 2010; 60:119-27. [PMID: 20033361 PMCID: PMC10716947 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-009-0075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Administration of the beta(2)-agonist clenbuterol has been shown to reduce the expression of beta(2)-adrenoceptor (AR) mRNA in fast-twitch fiber-rich (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) muscle without changing that in slow-twitch fiber-rich (soleus, SOL) muscle in rats. However, the regulatory mechanism for muscle fiber type-dependent down-regulation of the expression of beta(2)-AR mRNA induced by clenbuterol is still unclear. Therefore, mRNA expression of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory factors for beta(2)-AR mRNA levels in fast-twitch fiber-rich (EDL and plantaris, PLA) and slow-twitch fiber-rich (SOL) muscles in clenbuterol-administered (1.0 mg/kg body weight/day for 10 days, subcutaneous) rats was studied by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Administration of clenbuterol significantly reduced expression of beta(2)-AR mRNA in EDL and PLA muscles without changing that in SOL muscle. Administration of clenbuterol also significantly reduced the mRNA expression of transcriptional regulatory factor (glucocorticoid receptor) and mRNA stabilizing factor (Hu antigen R) in EDL and PLA muscles without changing those in SOL muscle. These results suggest that muscle fiber type-dependent effects of clenbuterol on expression of beta(2)-AR mRNA are closely related to the down-regulation of mRNA expression of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory factors for beta(2)-AR mRNA levels.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects
- Adaptation, Physiological/physiology
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Clenbuterol/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Male
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
| | - Sachiko Nomura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Fuuun Kawano
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
| | - Jun Tanihata
- Laboratory of Rehabilitation Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
| | - Kaoru Tachiyashiki
- Department of Living and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Joetsu University of Education, 1 Yamayashiki, Joetsu, Niigata 943-8512 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imaizumi
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
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22
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Akimoto S, Tanihata J, Kawano F, Sato S, Takei Y, Shirato K, Someya Y, Nomura S, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi K. Acute effects of dihydrocapsaicin and capsaicin on the distribution of white blood cells in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2009; 55:282-7. [PMID: 19602838 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.55.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The acute effects of dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) and capsaicin (CAP) on the number of white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and NK cells, and serum corticosterone levels were studied in rats. Male 7-wk-old SD rats were divided into DHC (3.0 mg/kg BW), CAP (3.0 mg/kg BW) and control (CON) groups. The number of total WBCs was 1.30-1.42 times significantly higher in the DHC group than in the CON group at 6-12 h. The number of neutrophils was 1.62 times significantly higher in the DHC group than in the CON group at 12 h. The number of total WBCs and neutrophils, however, showed no significant changes between the CAP and CON groups. The number of lymphocytes was 0.61 and 0.70 times significantly lower in the DHC and CAP groups than in the CON group at 3 h. The number of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes was 0.74 and 0.54 times lower in the DHC group than in the CON group, respectively. CAP, however, did not significantly change the number of T lymphocytes or B lymphocytes. No significant changes in the number of NK cells were observed among the three groups. CAP and DHC did not change the number of monocytes, eosinophils or basophils. No significant changes of the serum corticosterone levels were observed among the three groups. In conclusion, capsaicinoids decreased the number of acquired immunity cells, and increased the number of total WBCs and neutrophils without changing the number of monocytes, eosinophils or basophils. The magnitude of these effects was relatively higher in DHC than in CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Akimoto
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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23
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Ishikawa C, Ogawa T, Ikawa T, Yamane A. Effects of clenbuterol, a β₂-adrenergic agonist, on sizes of masseter, temporalis, digastric, and tongue muscles. Open Dent J 2009; 3:191-6. [PMID: 19812707 PMCID: PMC2757670 DOI: 10.2174/1874210600903010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the hypertrophic effects of clenbuterol, a β2-adrenergic agonist, on the masseter, digastric, and temporalis with those on the tongue, tibialis anterior, soleus, diaphragm, and heart. The weights of masseter, digastric and temporalis in the clenbuterol group were 36 ~ 56% greater than those in the control group, whereas those of the tibialis anterior, diaphragm, and heart weights in the clenbuterol group were 9 ~ 33% greater than those in the control group. No significant difference in the weights of the soleus and tongue was found between the control and clenbuterol groups. Taken together with our present and previously reported results, it is suggested that the hypertrophic effects of clenbuterol on the masseter, digastric, and temporalis are greater than those on the limb, trunk, and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Ishikawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
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24
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Kawano F, Tanihata J, Sato S, Nomura S, Shiraishi A, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi K. Effects of dexamethasone on the expression of beta(1)-, beta (2)- and beta (3)-adrenoceptor mRNAs in skeletal and left ventricle muscles in rats. J Physiol Sci 2009; 59:383-90. [PMID: 19585216 PMCID: PMC10717288 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-009-0046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are known to increase the density and mRNA levels of beta-adrenoceptors (beta-AR) via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in many tissues. However, the effects of these changes in the skeletal and cardiac muscles remain relatively unknown. We have investigated the effects of dexamethasone on the expression of the beta(1)-, beta(2)-, and beta(3)-AR mRNAs and GR mRNA in fast-twitch fiber-rich extensor digitorum longus (EDL), slow-twitch fiber-rich soleus (SOL), and left ventricle (LV) muscles by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Male rats were divided into a dexamethasone group and control group. The weight, RNA concentration, and total RNA content of EDL muscle were 0.76-, 0.85-, and 0.65-fold lower, respectively, in the dexamethasone group than in the control group. The weight, RNA concentration, and total RNA content of SOL muscle were 0.92-, 0.87-, and 0.81-fold lower, respectively, in the dexamethasone group than in the control group; these differences were significant. However, the weight/body weight and total RNA content/body weight of LV muscle were 1.38- and 1.39-fold higher, respectively, in the dexamethasone group than in the control group, respectively; these differences were also significant. Dexamethasone significantly decreased GR mRNA expression in EDL muscle without changing the expression of the beta(1)-, beta(2)-, and beta(3)-AR mRNAs. However, dexamethasone significantly decreased the expressions of beta(2)-AR and GR mRNAs in SOL muscle and significantly increased beta(1)-AR mRNA expression in LV muscle-without changing GR mRNA expression. These results suggest that the effects of dexamethasone on the expression of beta(1)- and beta(2)-AR mRNAs and muscle mass depend on the muscle contractile and/or constructive types.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Body Weight/physiology
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drinking/physiology
- Eating/physiology
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuuun Kawano
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
| | - Jun Tanihata
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
| | - Shogo Sato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
| | - Sachiko Nomura
- Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku Tokyo, 162-0041 Japan
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, 80 Tainosho-cho, Tenri Nara, 632-0071 Japan
| | - Kaoru Tachiyashiki
- Department of Natural and Health Sciences, Joetsu University of Education, 1 Yamayashiki, Joetsu Niigata, 943-8512 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imaizumi
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
- Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku Tokyo, 162-0041 Japan
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SOMEYA Y, TANIHATA J, SATO S, KAWANO F, SHIRATO K, SUGIYAMA M, KAWASHIMA Y, NOMURA S, TACHIYASHIKI K, IMAIZUMI K. Zinc-Deficiency Induced Changes in the Distribution of Rat White Blood Cells. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2009; 55:162-9. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.55.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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