Beliaeva MA, Atac R, Seebeck FP. Bacterial Degradation of
Nτ-Methylhistidine.
ACS Chem Biol 2022;
17:1989-1995. [PMID:
35758414 DOI:
10.1021/acschembio.2c00437]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first three enzymatic steps by which organisms degrade histidine are universally conserved. A histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3) catalyzes 1,2-elimination of the α-amino group from l-histidine; a urocanate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.49) converts urocanate to 4-imidazolone-5-propionate, and this intermediate is hydrolyzed to N-formimino-l-glutamate by an imidazolonepropionase (EC 3.5.2.7). Surprisingly, despite broad distribution in many species from all kingdoms of life, this pathway has rarely served as a template for the evolution of other metabolic processes. The only other known pathway with a similar logic is that of ergothioneine degradation. In this report, we describe a new addition to this exclusive collection. We show that the firmicute Bacillus terra and other soil-dwelling bacteria contain enzymes for the degradation of Nτ-methylhistidine to l-glutamate and N-methylformamide. Our results indicate that in some environments, Nτ-methylhistidine can accumulate to concentrations that make its efficient degradation a competitive skill. In addition, this process describes the first biogenic source of N-methylformamide.
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