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Gyger M, Berdoy M, Dontas I, Kolf-Clauw M, Santos AI, Sjöquist M. FELASA accreditation of education and training courses in laboratory animal science according to the Directive 2010/63/EU. Lab Anim 2018; 53:137-147. [PMID: 30041570 PMCID: PMC6484822 DOI: 10.1177/0023677218788105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This document describes how the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA) accreditation addresses both the Directive 2010/63/EU and the related European Commission guidance document.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Gyger
- 1 Centre of PhenoGenomics, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Ismene Dontas
- 3 Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Greece
| | - Martine Kolf-Clauw
- 4 Toxicology, Toulouse National Veterinary School, CREFRE, University of Toulouse, ENVT, France
| | - Ana Isabel Santos
- 5 Physiology, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mats Sjöquist
- 6 Swedish Centre for Animal Welfare, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Guillén J, Prins JB, Howard B, Degryse AD, Gyger M. The European Framework on Research Animal Welfare Regulations and Guidelines. Lab Anim 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-849880-4.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Poirier GM, Bergmann C, Denais-Lalieve DG, Dontas IA, Dudoignon N, Ehall H, Fentener van Vlissingen JM, Fornasier M, Kalman R, Hansen A, Schueller S, Vergara P, Weilenmann R, Wilson J, Degryse AD. ESLAV/ECLAM/LAVA/EVERI recommendations for the roles, responsibilities and training of the laboratory animal veterinarian and the designated veterinarian under Directive 2010/63/EU. Lab Anim 2014; 49:89-99. [DOI: 10.1177/0023677214557717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Directive 2010/63/EU was adopted in September 2010 by the European Parliament and Council, and became effective in January 2013. It replaces Directive 86/609/EEC and introduces new requirements for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. In particular, it requires that establishments that breed, supply or use laboratory animals have a designated veterinarian (DV) with expertise in laboratory animal medicine, or a suitably qualified expert where more appropriate, charged with advisory duties in relation to the well-being and treatment of the animals. This paper is a report of an ESLAV/ECLAM/LAVA/EVERI working group that provides professional guidance on the role and postgraduate training of laboratory animal veterinarians (LAVs), who may be working as DVs under Directive 2010/63/EU. It is also aimed at advising employers, regulators and other persons working under the Directive on the role of the DV. The role and responsibilities of the DV include the development, implementation and continuing review of an adequate programme for veterinary care at establishments breeding and/or using animals for scientific purposes. The programme should be tailored to the needs of the establishment and based on the Directive’s requirements, other legislations, and current guidelines in laboratory animal medicine. Postgraduate laboratory animal veterinary training should include a basic task-specific training module for DVs to complement veterinary competences from graduation, and continuing professional development on the basis of a gap analysis. A tiered approach to further training in laboratory animal veterinary medicine and science offers career development pathways that are mutually beneficial to LAVs and establishments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Poirier
- Office of Animal Welfare Ethics and Strategy, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - C Bergmann
- Department of Biomedical Services University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D G Denais-Lalieve
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Pierre Fabre Research Institute, Castres, France
| | - I A Dontas
- School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - H Ehall
- Department of Veterinary Services, Huntingdon Life Sciences, Alconbury, UK
| | | | - M Fornasier
- Animal Resource Centre, Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Siena, Italy
| | - R Kalman
- Authority for Biological and Biomedical Models, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Schueller
- EVERI (European Veterinarians in Education Research and Industry), Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Vergara
- Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, University Autonomous of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - J Wilson
- Biological Services, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A-D Degryse
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Pierre Fabre Research Institute, Castres, France
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Hansen AK, Sørensen DB. Strategies for the assessment of competence in laboratory animal science courses. Lab Anim (NY) 2014; 43:359-63. [DOI: 10.1038/laban.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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van Luijk J, Cuijpers Y, van der Vaart L, de Roo TC, Leenaars M, Ritskes-Hoitinga M. Assessing the application of the 3Rs: a survey among animal welfare officers in The Netherlands. Lab Anim 2014; 47:210-9. [PMID: 23579322 PMCID: PMC3811125 DOI: 10.1177/0023677213483724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction) in animal studies is a legal requirement in many countries. In The Netherlands, animal welfare officers (AWOs) are appointed to monitor the welfare of laboratory animals. As part of this task, AWOs give advice to researchers and can therefore have an influential role in implementing 3R methods in research. A national survey was conducted to gain more insight into how Dutch AWOs obtain and apply 3R information in their daily work. Nearly half of the AWO population filled out the questionnaire (15/32; a response rate of 46.9%). Two-thirds of the respondents pointed out that finding 3R information is not an easy task and more than half of the respondents believed that information on possibilities to implement the 3Rs is regularly being missed. The respondents indicated that most 3R information is obtained directly from colleagues and other AWOs. Special online 3R databases are rarely used. All the responding AWOs feel that they contribute to Refinement (15/15), nearly one-third of the respondents feel they contribute to Reduction (4/15), and one AWO feels he/she contributes to Replacement (1/15). According to the respondents, better exchange of knowledge can contribute to more successful implementation of the 3Rs. How this knowledge exchange can best be established and facilitated needs further exploration. To this end, the authors make suggestions for a 3R-integrated evidence-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith van Luijk
- 3R Research Centre/SYRCLE, Central Animal Laboratory, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
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Mähler Convenor M, Berard M, Feinstein R, Gallagher A, Illgen-Wilcke B, Pritchett-Corning K, Raspa M. FELASA recommendations for the health monitoring of mouse, rat, hamster, guinea pig and rabbit colonies in breeding and experimental units. Lab Anim 2014; 48:178-192. [PMID: 24496575 DOI: 10.1177/0023677213516312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The microbiological quality of experimental animals can critically influence animal welfare and the validity and reproducibility of research data. It is therefore important for breeding and experimental facilities to establish a laboratory animal health monitoring (HM) programme as an integrated part of any quality assurance system. FELASA has published recommendations for the HM of rodent and rabbit colonies in breeding and experimental units (Nicklas et al. Laboratory Animals, 2002), with the intention of harmonizing HM programmes. As stated in the preamble, these recommendations need to be adapted periodically to meet current developments in laboratory animal medicine. Accordingly, previous recommendations have been revised and shall be replaced by the present recommendations. These recommendations are aimed at all breeders and users of laboratory mice, rats, Syrian hamsters, guinea pigs and rabbits as well as diagnostic laboratories. They describe essential aspects of HM, such as the choice of agents, selection of animals and tissues for testing, frequency of sampling, commonly used test methods, interpretation of results and HM reporting. Compared with previous recommendations, more emphasis is put on the role of a person with sufficient understanding of the principles of HM, opportunistic agents, the use of sentinel animals (particularly under conditions of cage-level containment) and the interpretation and reporting of HM results. Relevant agents, testing frequencies and literature references are updated. Supplementary information on specific agents and the number of animals to be monitored and an example of a HM programme description is provided in the appendices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Mähler Convenor
- GV-SOLAS, Gesellschaft für Versuchstierkunde BioDoc, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Berard
- AFSTAL, Association Française des Sciences et Techniques de l'Animal de Laboratoire Animalerie Centrale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - R Feinstein
- Scand-LAS, Scandinavian Society for Laboratory Animal Science Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Gallagher
- LASA, Laboratory Animal Science Association MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK
| | - B Illgen-Wilcke
- SGV, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Versuchstierkunde MicroBioS GmbH, Reinach, Switzerland
| | - K Pritchett-Corning
- AALAS, American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Raspa
- AISAL, Associazione Italiana per le Scienze degli Animali da Laboratorio Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, European Mouse Mutant Archive, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
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Guillén J, Prins JB, Smith D, Degryse AD. The European Framework on Research Animal Welfare Regulations and Guidelines. Lab Anim 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397856-1.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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FELASA guidelines for the accreditation of health monitoring programs and testing laboratories involved in health monitoring. Lab Anim (NY) 2010; 39:43-8. [DOI: 10.1038/laban0210-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mahabir E, Bauer B, Schmidt J. Rodent and germplasm trafficking: risks of microbial contamination in a high-tech biomedical world. ILAR J 2009; 49:347-355. [PMID: 18506068 PMCID: PMC7108542 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.49.3.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-tech biomedical advances have led to increases both in the number of mice used for research and in exchanges of mice and/or their tissues between institutions. The latter are associated with the risk of dissemination of infectious agents. Because of the lack of international standardization of health surveillance programs, health certificates for imported rodents may be informative but may not address the needs of the importing facility. Preservation of mouse germplasm is achieved by cryopreservation of spermatozoa, embryos, or ovaries, and embryonic stem cells are used for the production of genetically engineered mice. After embryo transfer, recipients and rederived pups that test negative in microbiological screening for relevant microorganisms are released into full barrier holding areas. However, current research shows that embryos may also transmit microorganisms, especially viruses, to the recipient mice. In this article, we discuss regulations and practical issues in the shipping of live mice and mouse tissues, including spermatozoa, embryos, ovaries, and embryonic stem cells, and review work on microbial contamination of these biological materials. In addition, we present ways to reduce the risk of transmission of pathogens to mice under routine conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mahabir
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Voipio HM, Baneux P, Gomez de Segura IA, Hau J, Wolfensohn S. Guidelines for the veterinary care of laboratory animals: report of the FELASA/ECLAM/ESLAV Joint Working Group on Veterinary Care. Lab Anim 2008; 42:1-11. [PMID: 18348761 DOI: 10.1258/la.2007.007027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Veterinary professionals working in partnership with other competent persons are essential for a successful animal care and use programme. A veterinarian's primary responsibilities are defined by their own professional regulatory bodies, but in this area of work there are further opportunities for contribution, which will assist in safeguarding the health and welfare of animals used in research. These guidelines are aimed not only at veterinarians to explain their duties, and outline the opportunities to improve the health and welfare of animals under their care, but also at employers and regulators to help them meet their responsibilities. They describe the desirability for postgraduate education towards specialization in laboratory animal medicine and detail the many competencies necessary to fulfil the role of the laboratory animal veterinarian. They detail the need for veterinary expertise to promote good health and good welfare of animals used in biomedical research during husbandry as well as when under experimental procedures. Regulatory and ethical aspects are covered as are the involvement of the veterinarian in education and training of others working in the animal care and use programme. Managerial aspects, including occupational health and safety, are also areas where the veterinarian's input can assist in the successful implementation of the programme.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Laboratory Animal Centre, PO Box 5000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
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Refinement of the use of non-human primates in scientific research. Part I: the influence of humans. Anim Welf 2006. [DOI: 10.1017/s096272860003044x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe welfare of non-human primates used in scientific research must be safeguarded to promote scientific validity and for ethical reasons. Welfare can be improved by the refinement of practice, particularly if these refinements are applied to every aspect of the life of an animal used in the laboratory, from birth to death with the aim of both minimising harm and maximising well-being. Many refinement methods have been described in nationally and internationally accepted guidelines on laboratory practice, but awareness of these guidelines is not universal. In Part I of this review, we examine the influence of humans on non-human primates and summarise and evaluate methods of refinement that are or could be used to reduce suffering and improve welfare. In particular we focus on staff selection, education and training, human–animal bonds, staff communication, and training primates. In Parts II and III, refinements of housing, husbandry and experimental procedures are reviewed.
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de Boo J, Hendriksen C. Reduction strategies in animal research: a review of scientific approaches at the intra-experimental, supra-experimental and extra-experimental levels. Altern Lab Anim 2005; 33:369-77. [PMID: 16185105 DOI: 10.1177/026119290503300404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When discussing animal use and considering alternatives to animals in biomedical research and testing, the number of animals required gets to the root of the matter on ethics and justification. In this paper, some reduction strategies are reviewed. Many articles and reports on reduction of animal use focus mostly on the experimental level, but other approaches are also possible. Reduction at the intraexperimental level probably offers the greatest scope for reduction, as the design and statistical analysis of individual experiments can often be improved. Supra-experimental reduction aims to reduce the number of animals by a change in the setting in which a series of experiments take place--for example, by improved education and training, reduction of breeding surpluses, critical analysis of test specifications, and re-use of animals. At the extra-experimental level, reduction is a spin-off of other developments, rather than the direct goal. Through improved research or production strategies, aimed at better quality, consistency and safety, reduction in the number of animals used can be substantial. A revised definition of reduction is proposed, which does not include the level of information needed, as in some cases reduction in the number of animals resulting in less information or data, is still acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn de Boo
- Netherlands Vaccine Institute, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9-11, Postbus 457, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Hagelin J, Hau J, Carlsson HE. Attitude of Swedish veterinary and medical students to animal experimentation. Vet Rec 2000; 146:757-60. [PMID: 10909909 DOI: 10.1136/vr.146.26.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all veterinary and medical students (94 per cent) found it morally acceptable to use animals in research and believed it to be a necessity in order to treat human diseases. In contrast with the medical students a substantial proportion of veterinary students (40 per cent) considered themselves animal rights activists. Unlike the medical curriculum, the veterinary curriculum contains a two-week course in laboratory animal medicine, and a higher proportion of the students who had not been through this course was opposed to the use of animals in research than of the students who had completed the course. The course modified the views of half the students; more than 26 per cent of them became more positive towards animal use in research after the course, whereas 3 per cent became more negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hagelin
- Department of Physiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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