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Karrasch S, Bongartz W, Gumpp AM, Kolassa IT. Die Wirkung von Hypnose auf Parameter des Immunsystems. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Mit Hypnose können positive immunmodulierende und therapeutische Effekte bei psychischen sowie somatischen stress-assoziierten Erkrankungen erzielt werden. Fragestellung: Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit immunologischen Veränderungen durch Hypnose und zeigt potentielle zukünftige Forschungsfelder zu biomolekularen Wirkfaktoren von Hypnose auf. Methode: Es werden empirische Befunde zur Wirkung von Hypnose auf Parameter des Immunsystems zusammengefasst. Ergebnisse: Hypnose führt zu einer Anpassungsreaktion des Immunsystems in Form von Veränderungen in der Anzahl von Immunzellen und Zytokinen. Schlussfolgerung: Ein spannendes neues Forschungsfeld liegt in der Untersuchung der Wirkmechanismen von Hypnose auf das Immunsystem sowie dessen Interaktion mit dem Stresssystem und dem Energiemetabolismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Karrasch
- Klinisch & Biologische Psychologie, Institut für Psychologie und Pädagogik, Universität Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Walter Bongartz
- Klingenberger Institut für Klinische Hypnose, Konstanz, Deutschland
| | - Anja M. Gumpp
- Klinisch & Biologische Psychologie, Institut für Psychologie und Pädagogik, Universität Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Klinisch & Biologische Psychologie, Institut für Psychologie und Pädagogik, Universität Ulm, Deutschland
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Thompson T, Steffert T, Steed A, Gruzelier J. A randomized controlled trial of the effects of hypnosis with 3-D virtual reality animation on tiredness, mood, and salivary cortisol. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2011; 59:122-42. [PMID: 21104488 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2011.522917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Case studies suggest hypnosis with a virtual reality (VR) component may be an effective intervention; although few follow-up randomized, controlled trials have been performed comparing such interventions with standard hypnotic treatments. Thirty-five healthy participants were randomized to self-hypnosis with VR imagery, standard self-hypnosis, or relaxation interventions. Changes in sleep, cortisol levels, and mood were examined. Self-hypnosis involved 10- to 20-min. sessions visualizing a healthy immune scenario. Trait absorption was also recorded as a possible moderator. Moderated regression indicated that both hypnosis interventions produced significantly lower tiredness ratings than relaxation when trait absorption was high. When trait absorption was low, VR resulted in significantly higher engagement ratings, although this did not translate to demonstrable improvement in outcome. Results suggest that VR imagery may increase engagement relative to traditional methods, but further investigation into its potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Thompson
- Department of Psychology & Counselling, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
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Thompson T, Steffert T, Gruzelier J. Effects of guided immune-imagery: The moderating influence of openness to experience. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wahbeh H, Haywood A, Kaufman K, Zwickey H. Mind-Body Medicine and Immune System Outcomes: A Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 1:25-34. [PMID: 23227136 DOI: 10.2174/1876391x00901010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study is a systematic review of mind-body interventions that used immune outcomes in order to: 1) characterize mind-body medicine studies that assessed immune outcomes, 2) evaluate the quality of mind-body medicine studies measuring immune system effects, and 3) systematically evaluate the evidence for mind-body interventions effect on immune system outcomes using existing formal tools. 111 studies with 4,777 subjects were reviewed. The three largest intervention type categories were Relaxation Training (n=25), Cognitive Based Stress Management (n=22), and Hypnosis (n=21). Half the studies were conducted with healthy subjects (n=51). HIV (n=18), cancer (n=13) and allergies (n=7) were the most prominent conditions examined in the studies comprising of non-healthy subjects. Natural killer cell and CD4 T lymphocyte measures were the most commonly studied outcomes. Most outcome and modality categories had limited or inconclusive evidence. Relaxation training had the strongest scientific evidence of a mind-body medicine affecting immune outcomes. Immunoglobulin A had the strongest scientific evidence for positive effects from mind-body medicine. Issues for mind-body medicine studies with immune outcomes are discussed and recommendations are made to help improve future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helané Wahbeh
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon ; Helfgott Research Institute, National College of Naturopathic Medicine, Portland, Oregon
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Goldmeier D, Garvey L, Barton S. Does chronic stress lead to increased rates of recurrences of genital herpes - a review of the psychoneuroimmunological evidence? Int J STD AIDS 2008; 19:359-62. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2007.007304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Summary: It is a commonly expressed expert view that stress is associated with frequent recurrences of genital herpes (GH) but the evidence for this is poor and it is often asserted that stress is the result of GH rather than any other cause. We have reviewed the recent literature on this topic, restricting evidence to only prospective studies. We have further combined and integrated this evidence with both human and animal work in the psychoneuroimmunological field to come up with suggestive evidence that recurrence rates of GH are indeed associated with antecedent chronic stress/depression, whatever might be the cause. We further discuss the psychoneuroimmunological underpinning of the systemic features of the recurrent GH prodrome. Recommendations about holistic management of recurrent GH that include both pharmacological and psychological therapies are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goldmeier
- Jefferiss Wing, St Marys Hospital, Imperial NHS Trust, London W2 1NY
| | - Lucy Garvey
- Jefferiss Wing, St Marys Hospital, Imperial NHS Trust, London W2 1NY
| | - Simon Barton
- Chelsea and Wesminster NHS Trust, London SW10 9NH, UK
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Liossi C, White P. Efficacy of clinical hypnosis in the enhancement of quality of life of terminally ill cancer patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ch.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gruzelier J, Levy J, Williams J, Henderson D. Self-hypnosis and exam stress: comparing immune and relaxation-related imagery for influences on immunity, health and mood. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ch.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Laidlaw T, Bennett BM, Dwivedi P, Naito A, Gruzelier J. Quality of life and mood changes in metastatic breast cancer after training in self-hypnosis or Johrei: a short report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ch.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gruzelier J. Unwanted effects of hypnosis: a review of the evidence and its implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ch.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bennett BM, Laidlaw TM, Dwivedi P, Naito A, Gruzelier JH. A qualitative study of the experience of self-hypnosis or Johrei in metastatic breast cancer using interpretative phenomenological analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ch.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Laidlaw TM, Naito A, Dwivedi P, Enzor NA, Brincat CE, Gruzelier JH. Mood changes after self-hypnosis and Johrei prior to exams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ch.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Takeda K, Okumura K. CAM and NK Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2004; 1:17-27. [PMID: 15257322 PMCID: PMC442116 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neh014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2003] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that tumor development, outgrowth and metastasis are under the surveillance of the immune system. Although both innate and acquired immune systems play roles, innate immunity is the spearhead against tumors. Recent studies have revealed the critical role of natural killer (NK) cells in immune surveillance and that NK cell activity is considerably influenced by various agents, such as environmental factors, stress, foods and drugs. Some of these NK cell stimulants have been used in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) since ancient times. Therefore, the value of CAM should be re-evaluated from this point of view. In this review, we overview the intimate correlation between NK cell functions and CAM agents, and discuss possible underlying mechanisms mediating this. In particular, neuro-immune crosstalk and receptors for CAM agents are the most important and interesting candidates for such mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Takeda
- For reprints and all correspondence: Kazuyoshi Takeda, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bukyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. E-mail:
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Naito A, Laidlaw TM, Henderson DC, Farahani L, Dwivedi P, Gruzelier JH. The impact of self-hypnosis and Johrei on lymphocyte subpopulations at exam time: a controlled study. Brain Res Bull 2003; 62:241-53. [PMID: 14698357 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2003.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a prospective randomised controlled trial, 48 students were randomly assigned to stress reduction training before exams with self-hypnosis, Johrei or a mock neurofeedback relaxation control. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and self-reported stress (Perceived Stress Scale) were measured before training and 1-2 months later as exams approached. Absolute number and percentages of CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) T lymphocytes, CD3(-)CD56(+) Natural Killer cells (NK cells) and NK cell cytotoxic activity was measured from venous blood. Stressed participants showed small but significant declines in both CD3(-)CD56(+) NK cell percentages and NK cell cytotoxic activity levels while CD3(+)CD4(+) T cell percentages increased, changes supported by correlations with perceived stress. The effects of stress were moderated in those who learned Johrei at exam time; 11/12 showed increases in CD3(-)CD56(+) NK cell percentages with decreased percentages of CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells, effects not seen in the relaxation control group. Stress was also buffered in those who learned and practised self-hypnosis in whom CD3(-)CD56(+) NK cell and CD3(+)CD4(+) T cell levels were maintained, and whose CD3(+)CD8(+) T cell percentages, shown previously to decline with exams, increased. The results compliment beneficial effects on mood of self-hypnosis and Johrei. The results are in keeping with beneficial influences of self-hypnosis and provide the first evidence of the suggestive value of the Japanese Johrei procedure for stress reduction, which clearly warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Naito
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Behaviour, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, St Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RF, UK.
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Gruzelier JH. The role of psychological intervention in modulating aspects of immune function in relation to health and well-being. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2003; 52:383-417. [PMID: 12498112 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(02)52017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Gruzelier
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Behavior, Imperial College London, London W6 8RF, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The spectrum of clinical lesions of herpes has grown, since the research of viruses by PCR permitted to bind to their etiology discrete or atypical lesions, and even, to display periods of asymptomatic viral excretion. These variable clinical aspects depend on the balance between, on the one hand, the qualitative and quantitative virulence of HSV and, on the other hand, the quality of the immunological defenses of the patient. So, "herpetic primary infection" and "herpetic recurrences" are serological definitions; the clinical aspects of the different stages can be interchangeable. Cultures or PCR and type-specific serologies also showed the increased frequency of HSV1 in genitals, explained by the increased oro-genital sex, since the beginning of AIDS.
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Gruzelier J, Smith F, Nagy A, Henderson D. Cellular and humoral immunity, mood and exam stress: the influences of self-hypnosis and personality predictors. Int J Psychophysiol 2001; 42:55-71. [PMID: 11451479 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8760(01)00136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of self-hypnosis training on immune function and mood were examined in medical students at exam time. Hypnosis involved relaxation and imagery directed at improved immune function and increased energy, alertness and concentration. Hypotheses were made about activated and withdrawn personality differences. Eight high and eight low hypnotically susceptible participants were given 10 sessions of hypnosis, one live and nine tape-recorded, and were compared with control subjects (N=12). CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD56 NK cells and blood cortisol were assayed. Life-style, activated vs. withdrawn temperament, arousal and anxiety questionnaires were administered. Self-hypnosis buffered the decline found in controls in NK (P<0.002) and CD8 cells (P<0.0.07) and CD8/CD4% (P<0.06) (45-35% order of magnitude differences) while there was an increase in cortisol (P<0.05). The change in NK cell counts correlated positively with changes in both CD8 cells and cortisol. Results were independent of changes in life-style. Energy ratings were higher after hypnosis (P<0.01), and increased calmness with hypnosis correlated with an increase in CD4 counts (P<0.01). The activated temperament, notably the cognitive subscale (speaking and thinking quickly), was predictive of exam levels of T and B lymphocytes (P&z.Lt;0.08-P<0.02), and reaching r=0.72 (P<0.001) in the non-intervention control group. The sizeable influences on cell-mediated immunity achieved by a relatively brief, low cost psychological intervention in the face of a compelling, but routine, stress in young, healthy adults have implications for illness prevention and for patients with compromised immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gruzelier
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Behaviour, Imperial College Medical School, St. Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RF, UK.
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Isotani T, Tanaka H, Lehmann D, Pascual-Marqui RD, Kochi K, Saito N, Yagyu T, Kinoshita T, Sasada K. Source localization of EEG activity during hypnotically induced anxiety and relaxation. Int J Psychophysiol 2001; 41:143-53. [PMID: 11325459 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8760(00)00197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The engagement of different brain regions which implement subjectively experienced emotional states in normals is not completely clarified. Emotional states can conveniently be induced by hypnosis-based suggestions. We studied brain electric activity during hypnotically induced anxiety and relaxation in 11 right-handed normals (5 males, 6 females, mean age 26.5+/-7.6 years). After induction of light hypnosis, anxiety and then relaxation was suggested using a standardized text (reverse sequence in half of the subjects). Nineteen-channel, eyes-closed EEG (20 artifact-free s/subject) was analyzed (source localization using FFT approximation and low resolution electromagnetic tomography, LORETA). Global tests revealed the strongest difference (P<0.005) between EEG source gravity center locations during the two emotional states in the excitatory beta-2 EEG frequency band (18.5-21 Hz). Post hoc tests showed that the sources were located more right during anxiety than during relaxation (P=0.01). LORETA specified that anxiety showed maximally stronger activity than relaxation in right Brodmann area 10, and relaxation showed maximally stronger activity than anxiety in left Brodmann area 22. Clearly, the two induced emotional states were associated with activity of different neural populations. Our results agree with reports on brain activity shifted to the right (especially fronto-temporal) during negative compared with positive emotions, and support the role of beta-2 EEG frequency in emotional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Isotani
- The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8029, Zurich, Switzerland.
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