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Garcia Maset R, Hapeshi A, Hall S, Dalgliesh RM, Harrison F, Perrier S. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity in Host-Mimicking Media and In Vivo Toxicity of Antimicrobial Polymers as Functional Mimics of AMPs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32855-32868. [PMID: 35819416 PMCID: PMC9335526 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Activity tests for synthetic antimicrobial compounds are often limited to the minimal inhibitory concentration assay using standard media and bacterial strains. In this study, a family of acrylamide copolymers that act as synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides were synthesized and shown to have a disruptive effect on bacterial membranes and structural integrity through microscopy techniques and membrane polarization experiments. The polymers were tested for their antimicrobial properties using media that mimic clinically relevant conditions. Additionally, their activity was compared in two different strains of the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We showed that the medium composition can have an important influence on the polymer activity as there was a considerable reduction in minimal inhibitory concentrations against S. aureus grown in synthetic wound fluid (SWF), and against P. aeruginosa grown in synthetic cystic fibrosis sputum media (SCFM), compared to the concentrations in standard testing media. In contrast, we observed a complete loss of activity against P. aeruginosa in the serum-containing SWF. Finally, we made use of an emerging invertebrate in vivo model, using Galleria mellonella larvae, to assess toxicity of the polymeric antimicrobials, showing a good correlation with cell line toxicity measurements and demonstrating its potential in the evaluation of novel antimicrobial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexia Hapeshi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Stephen Hall
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Robert M. Dalgliesh
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Freya Harrison
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Limonene Emissions: Do Different Types Have Different Biological Effects? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910505. [PMID: 34639805 PMCID: PMC8507918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Limonene is one of the most abundant pollutants indoors, and it contributes to the formation of additional pollutants, such as formaldehyde and photochemical smog. Limonene is commonly used in fragranced consumer products, such as cleaning supplies and air fresheners, which have also been associated with health problems. Limonene can exist in different enantiomeric forms (R-limonene and S-limonene) and be derived from different sources. However, little is known about whether different forms and sources of limonene may have different effects. This research explored whether different types of limonene, at the same concentrations, could elicit different biological effects. To investigate this question, the study employed Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which have sophisticated olfactory abilities, in olfactometer tests of repellency/attraction. The results indicate that a synthetic source of R-limonene is more repellent than a natural source of R-limonene. In addition, synthetic sources of both R-limonene and S-limonene are not significantly different in repellency. These findings can contribute to our understanding and further exploration of the effects of a common fragrance compound on air quality and health.
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Vommaro ML, Kurtz J, Giglio A. Morphological Characterisation of Haemocytes in the Mealworm Beetle Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050423. [PMID: 34066849 PMCID: PMC8151185 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The immunocompetence of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor has been well investigated at molecular and physiological levels, but information on morphological and functional characteristics of its immune cells (haemocytes) is still scarce and fragmentary. This study provides an updated overview of the morphology of circulating immune cells from mealworm beetle adults, using light and transmission electron microscopy. Based on their affinities for May-Grünwald Giemsa stain, haemocytes were defined as either eosinophilic, basophilic or neutral. Ultrastructural descriptions allowed to detect four main cell types in the haemolymph: prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, granular cells and oenocytoids. The morphological plasticity of haemocytes and the evidence of mitotic circulating cells, intermediate cell stages, as well as autophagic activities suggest haemocyte proliferation, turnover and transdifferentiation as constantly active processes in the haemolymph. Cytochemical tests revealed differences in the distribution of carbohydrates among cell types underling the great plasticity of the immune response and the direct involvement of circulating immune cells in the resource allocation. In addition, our results provide a detailed morphological description of vesicle trafficking, macro- and microautophagy, apoptotic and necrotic processes, confirming the suitability of T. molitor haemocytes as a model for studying evolutionarily conserved cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luigia Vommaro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Anita Giglio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-098-449-2982; Fax: +39-098-449-2986
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Piccoli BC, Alvim JC, da Silva FD, Nogara PA, Olagoke OC, Aschner M, Oliveira CS, Rocha JBT. High level of methylmercury exposure causes persisted toxicity in Nauphoeta cinerea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4799-4813. [PMID: 31845250 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg+) is a neurotoxicant abundantly present in the environment. The long-term effects of MeHg+ have been investigated in rodents, yet data on the long-term or persisted toxicity of MeHg+ in invertebrates is scanty. Here, we examined the acute, intermediate, and chronic effects upon dietary administration of MeHg+ in nymphs of Nauphoeta cinerea. Besides, the potential reversibility of the toxic effects of MeHg+ after a detoxification period was evaluated. Nymphs were exposed to diets containing 0 (control), 2.5, 25, and 100 μg MeHg+/g of diet for 10, 30, and 90 days. Additional groups of nymphs were fed with the same dose of MeHg+ for 30 days and then were subjected to a detoxification period for 60 days. The nymphs exposed to 100 μg MeHg+/g succumbed to a high mortality rate, along with multiple biochemical (increase of reactive oxygen species production and glutathione S-transferase activity, as well as decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity) and behavioral alterations. We observed delayed mortality rate and behavioral alterations in nymphs exposed to 100 μg MeHg+/g for 30 days and subsequently subjected to 60 days of detoxification. However, the biochemical alterations did not persist throughout the detoxification period. In conclusion, our results established the persistent toxic effect of MeHg+ even after a prolonged detoxification period and evidenced the use of N. cinerea as an alternative model to study the toxicity of MeHg+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C Piccoli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica C Alvim
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda D da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo A Nogara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Olawande C Olagoke
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Cláudia S Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - João B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Kowalik-Jankowska T, Lesiów M, Krupa K, Kuczer M, Czarniewska E. Copper(ii) complexes with alloferon analogues containing phenylalanine H6F and H12F stability and biological activity lower stabilization of complexes compared to analogues containing tryptophan. Metallomics 2019; 11:1700-1715. [PMID: 31490528 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00182d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper(ii) complex formation processes between alloferon 1 (Allo1) (H1 GVSGH6 GQH9 GVH12G) analogues where the phenylalanine residue is introduced in the place of His residue H6F and H12F have been studied by potentiometric, UV-visible, CD and EPR spectroscopic, and MS methods. For the phenylalanine analogues of alloferon 1, complex speciation has been obtained for a 1 : 1, 2 : 1 and 3 : 1 metal-to-ligand molar ratio. At physiological pH and in 1 : 1 metal-to-ligand molar ratio the phenylalanine analogues of alloferon 1 form a CuL complex similar to that of alanine analogues with the 4N{NH2,N1Im,2NIm} coordination mode. The stability of the complexes of the phenylalanine analogues is higher in comparison to those of alanine analogues, but lower in comparison to those containing tryptophan. Injection of Allo12F into insects induced prominent apoptotic changes in all hemocytes. The presence of apoptotic bodies only in the insect hemolymph testifies to the fact that Allo12F is an extremely pro-apoptotic peptide.
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Chen XD, Wang YF, Wang YL, Li QY, Ma HY, Wang L, Sima YH, Xu SQ. Induced Hyperproteinemia and Its Effects on the Remodeling of Fat Bodies in Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Front Physiol 2018; 9:302. [PMID: 29651251 PMCID: PMC5884952 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperproteinemia, which is characterized by an abnormally elevated plasma protein concentration (PPC), is a high-mortality, metabolic complication associated with severe liver and kidney disease. It is difficult to clinically distinguish the difference between the impacts of primary diseases and hyperproteinemia on tissues and organs, and there are no available animal models of hyperproteinemia. Here, we constructed an animal model of hyperproteinemia with a controllable PPC and no primary disease effects in the silkworm Bombyx mori that has attracted interest owing to its potential use in the pathological analysis of model animals. Silkworm have an open circulatory system in which each organ is directly immersed in hemolymph. The fat body (FB) of a silkworm, as a major organ for nutrient storage and energy metabolism, can effectively reflect hyperproteinemia-induced metabolic abnormalities in damaged visceral tissues. A pathogenesis study showed that hyperproteinemia attenuated cell autophagy and apoptosis by attenuating an endocrine hormone, thereby preventing FB remodeling during metamorphosis. Meanwhile, hyperproteinemia increased oxidative stress in the FB and resulted in a dysfunction of amino acid conversion. Supplementation with exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone effectively mitigated the hyperproteinemia-mediated inhibition of FB remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Dong Chen
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NESER), Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong-Feng Wang
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NESER), Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NESER), Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Li
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NESER), Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huan-Yu Ma
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NESER), Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NESER), Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang-Hu Sima
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NESER), Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shi-Qing Xu
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NESER), Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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7
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Khosravi R, Sendi JJ, Brayner FA, Alves LC, Feitosa APS. Hemocytes of the Rose Sawfly Arge ochropus (Gmelin) (Hymenoptera: Argidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:58-65. [PMID: 26429582 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-015-0339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We characterized individual morphological types of the rose sawfly, Arge ochropus (Gmelin) (Hymenoptera: Argidae), hemocytes for the first time by means of light and differential interference contrast microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Four types of hemocytes were identified in the hemolymph of larvae and pupae of A. ochropus: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, and oenocytoids. Prohemocytes are the smallest type of hemocytes, rounded to ovoid cells with large nuclei. Plasmatocytes are polymorphic and variable in size. Granulocytes are oval and spherical cells variable in size, with variable number of rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and microtubules in the cytoplasm. Oenocytoids contain eccentric nucleus and cytoplasm with small mitochondria and few rough endoplasmic reticula. Differential hemocyte counts indicated that plasmatocytes are the most abundant hemocyte type during early instars while granulocytes are the most abundant hemocyte type in the last instar. The pattern of total hemocyte count changed during rose sawfly development and reached its peak in prepupae and then declined slowly in the pupal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Khosravi
- Dept of Plant Protection, Fac of Agriculture, Univ of Guilan, Rasht,, 41635-1314, Iran
| | - J J Sendi
- Dept of Plant Protection, Fac of Agriculture, Univ of Guilan, Rasht,, 41635-1314, Iran.
| | - F A Brayner
- Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Lab de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA-UFPE), Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - L C Alves
- Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Lab de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA-UFPE), Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - A P S Feitosa
- Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Lab de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA-UFPE), Recife, PE, Brasil
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Matusiak A, Kuczer M, Czarniewska E, Urbański A, Rosiński G, Kowalik-Jankowska T. Copper(II) complexes of terminally free alloferon peptide mutants containing two different histidyl (H1 and H6 or H9 or H12) binding sites Structure Stability and Biological Activity. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 151:44-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Kuczer M, Matusiak A, Czarniewska E, Rosiński G, Kowalik-Jankowska T. Copper(II) complexes of Neb-colloostatin and of (P4A) analogue Stability Structure Apoptosis. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Yin WM, Xu X, He Y, Wei GB, Sima YH, Shi-Qing X. Metabonomic analysis of Bombyx mori (Heterocera: Bombysidae) treated with acetaminophen. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2014; 14:225. [PMID: 25502032 PMCID: PMC5634027 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieu087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of using Bombyx mori as model animal is attracting more attention. Whether the effect of drugs on the metabolite profiling was consistent with those in mammals was an aspect to evaluate the feasibility of B. mori as model animal. In this study, we used acetaminophen to treat Dazao fifth-instar B. mori, and its metabolites in hemolymph were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The corresponding data were processed and analyzed by total model analysis, principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, and finally, the difference metabolites between acetaminophen group and control group were selected and identified by our reference material database and the National Institute of Standard and Technology database. The results showed that acetaminophen administration induced elevation of metabolites related to energy source, the intermediate of cholesterol synthesis, and the metabolites related to melanization and also induced the decrease of metabolites in pathway of Krebs cycle, the cholesterol, and sitosterol, which suggested that acetaminophen administration inhibited energy metabolism and promoted the expenditure and imbalance of hormone and melanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Yin
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - X Xu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Y He
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - G B Wei
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Y H Sima
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xu Shi-Qing
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Kuczer M, Czarniewska E, Rosiński G. Novel biological effects of alloferon and its selected analogues: structure-activity study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 183:17-22. [PMID: 23499798 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The subject of this paper is a search for new biological properties of alloferon (H-His-Gly-Val-Ser-Gly-His-Gly-Gln-His-Gly-Val-His-Gly-OH) and a series of its analogues. The studies on structure/activity relationship in alloferon, the synthesis of a series of 28 analogues were performed. The analogues were modified at position 1 or 6, and other were oligopeptides with a shortened peptide sequence. Biological effects of the peptides were evaluated by the pro-apoptotic action in vivo on haemocytes of Tenebrio molitor and in the cardiotropic test in vitro on the heart of T. molitor and Zophobas atratus. In the in vivo bioassays, new biological activities of alloferon and its analogues were discovered. In haemocytotoxic bioassay, alloferon strongly induces T. molitor haemocytes to undergo apoptosis at a dose of 10 nM. Moreover, [Phe(p-NH2)(1)]-, [Tyr(6)]- and [1-10]-alloferon exhibit a two-fold increase of caspases activation in comparison with the alloferon. However, alloferon and its analogues show a weak cardiostimulatory activity in Z. atratus but the heart of T. molitor is not sensitive to these peptides. The results obtained here suggest that alloferon plays pleiotropic functions in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Kuczer
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Czarniewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Umultowska 89, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Rosiński
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Umultowska 89, Poland
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13
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Asami Y, Horie R, Hamamoto H, Sekimizu K. Use of silkworms for identification of drug candidates having appropriate pharmacokinetics from plant sources. BMC Pharmacol 2010; 10:7. [PMID: 20537191 PMCID: PMC2898707 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-10-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We use silkworms to evaluate therapeutic effects of drug candidates. Our previous reports have revealed that there are common mechanisms of pharmacokinetics of chemicals in silkworms and mammals. In this report, we attempt to establish a method by using silkworms to identify chemicals from plant extracts which are absorbed from intestine and also stably exist in body fluids. Results Three compounds were detected in the silkworm hemolymph by HPLC analysis after midgut injection of acetone extracts of seihi, an herbal medicine obtained from orange peel. Analyses with MS and NMR revealed that the compounds were nobiletin, heptamethoxyflavone, and tangeretin. These compounds are reported to be stable in mammalian blood. The half-life of each of these compounds in the silkworm hemolymph was 18, 26 and 34 h, respectively. Conclusions These findings suggest that silkworms can be used as a model animal to easily identify compounds with appropriate pharmacokinetic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Asami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate of the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Berger J. New Haemolytic Potential Assay on an Alternative Insect Model. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 105:315-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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