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Malliou A, Mitsiou C, Kyritsis AP, Alexiou GA. Therapeutic Hypothermia in Treating Glioblastoma: A Review. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2024; 14:2-9. [PMID: 37184912 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2023.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most commonly occurring of all malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors in adults. Considering the low median survival of only ∼15 months and poor prognosis in GBM patients, despite surgical resection with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy, it is vital to seek brand new and innovative treatment in combination with already existing methods. Hypothermia participates in many metabolic pathways, inflammatory responses, and apoptotic processes, while also promoting the integrity of neurons. Following the successful application of therapeutic hypothermia across a spectrum of disorders such as traumatic CNS injury, cardiac arrest, and epilepsy, several clinical trials have set to evaluate the potency of hypothermia in treating a variety of cancers, including breast and ovaries cancer. In regard to primary neoplasms and more specifically, GBM, hypothermia has recently shown promising results as an auxiliary treatment, reinforcing chemotherapy's efficacy. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in utilizing hypothermia as treatment for GBM and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Malliou
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | - George A Alexiou
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Nias AH, Perry PM, Photiou AR. Modulating the Oxygen Tension in Tumours by Hypothermia and Hyperbaric Oxygen. J R Soc Med 2018; 81:633-6. [PMID: 3210193 PMCID: PMC1291839 DOI: 10.1177/014107688808101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is associated with reduced metabolism of tissues and especially reduced oxygen consumption by tumours. If the blood supply to a hypothermic tumour can be maintained then the hypoxic fraction of cells should be reduced and the radiation response increased. This hypothesis has been tested with radiation under hyperbaric oxygen and increased tumour response has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Nias
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, United Medical School, St Thomas's Hospital, London
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Bobko AA, Evans J, Denko NC, Khramtsov VV. Concurrent Longitudinal EPR Monitoring of Tissue Oxygenation, Acidosis, and Reducing Capacity in Mouse Xenograft Tumor Models. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 75:247-253. [PMID: 27193607 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tissue oxygenation, extracellular acidity, and tissue reducing capacity are among crucial parameters of tumor microenvironment (TME) of significant importance for tumor pathophysiology. In this paper, we demonstrate the complementary application of particulate lithium octa-n-butoxy-naphthalocyanine and soluble nitroxide paramagnetic probes for monitoring of these TME parameters using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. Two different types of therapeutic interventions were studied: hypothermia and systemic administration of metabolically active drug. In summary, the results demonstrate the utility of EPR technique for non-invasive concurrent longitudinal monitoring of physiologically relevant chemical parameters of TME in mouse xenograft tumor models, including that under therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Bobko
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jason Evans
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas C Denko
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Kalamida D, Karagounis IV, Mitrakas A, Kalamida S, Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis MI. Fever-range hyperthermia vs. hypothermia effect on cancer cell viability, proliferation and HSP90 expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116021. [PMID: 25635828 PMCID: PMC4312095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The current study examines the effect of fever-range hyperthermia and mild hypothermia on human cancer cells focusing on cell viability, proliferation and HSP90 expression. Materials and Methods A549 and H1299 lung carcinoma, MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma, U87MG and T98G glioblastoma, DU145 and PC3 prostate carcinoma and MRC5 normal fetal lung fibroblasts cell lines were studied. After 3-day exposure to 34°C, 37°C and 40°C, cell viability was determined. Cell proliferation (ki67 index), apoptosis (Caspase 9) and HSP90 expression was studied by confocal microscopy. Results Viability/proliferation experiments demonstrated that MRC5 fibroblasts were extremely sensitive to hyperthermia, while they were the most resistant to hypothermia. T98G and A549 were thermo-tolerant, the remaining being thermo-sensitive to a varying degree. Nonetheless, as a universal effect, hypothermia reduced viability/proliferation in all cell lines. Hyperthermia sharply induced Caspase 9 in the U87MG most thermo-sensitive cell line. In T98G and A549 thermo-tolerant cell lines, the levels of Caspase 9 declined. Moreover, hyperthermia strongly induced the HSP90 levels in T98G, whilst a sharp decrease was recorded in the thermo-sensitive PC3 and U87MG cell lines. Hyperthermia sensitized thermo-sensitive cancer cell lines to cisplatin and temozolomide, whilst its sensitizing effect was diminished in thermo-tolerant cell lines. Conclusions The existence of thermo-tolerant and thermo-sensitive cancer cell lines was confirmed, which further encourages research to classify human tumor thermic predilection for patient stratification in clinical trials. Of interest, mild hypothermia had a universal suppressing effect on cancer cell proliferation, further supporting the radio-sensitization hypothesis through reduction of oxygen and metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Kalamida
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Ilias V. Karagounis
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Achilleas Mitrakas
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Sofia Kalamida
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | | | - Michael I. Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Snyder SA, Lanzen JL, Braun RD, Rosner G, Secomb TW, Biaglow J, Brizel DM, Dewhirst MW. Simultaneous administration of glucose and hyperoxic gas achieves greater improvement in tumor oxygenation than hyperoxic gas alone. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 51:494-506. [PMID: 11567826 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the feasibility of hyperglycemic reduction of oxygen consumption combined with oxygen breathing (O(2)), to improve tumor oxygenation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Fischer-344 rats bearing 1 cm R3230Ac flank tumors were anesthetized with Nembutal. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, tumor blood flow ([TBF], laser Doppler flowmetry), pH, and pO(2) were measured before, during, and after glucose (1 or 4 g/kg) and/or O(2). RESULTS Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were unaffected by treatment. Glucose at 1 g/kg yielded maximum blood glucose of 400 mg/dL, no change in TBF, reduced tumor pH (0.17 unit), and 3 mm Hg pO(2) rise. Glucose at 4 g/kg yielded maximum blood glucose of 900 mg/dL, pH drop of 0.6 unit, no pO(2) change, and reduced TBF (31%). Oxygen tension increased by 5 mm Hg with O(2). Glucose (1 g/Kg) + O(2) yielded the largest change in pO(2) (27 mm Hg); this is highly significant relative to baseline or either treatment alone. The effect was positively correlated with baseline pO(2), but 6 of 7 experiments with baseline pO(2) < 10 mm Hg rose above 10 mm Hg after combined treatment. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the feasibility of combining hyperglycemia with O(2) to improve tumor oxygenation. However, some cell lines are not susceptible to the Crabtree effect, and the magnitude is dependent on baseline pO(2). Additional or alternative manipulations may be necessary to achieve more uniform improvement in pO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Snyder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Abstract
This article compares and contrasts the classic paradigms underlying the development of chronic and acute hypoxia in tumors. The classic theory of Thomlinson and Gray suggested that chronic hypoxia is the result of large intravascular distances. Newer evidence suggests that a multiplicity of effects contribute to this process, including steep longitudinal gradients of partial pressure of oxygen (Po2) along the vascular tree before arteriolar entry into tumor, rheologic effects on red cell deformability brought on by intravascular hypoxia, uneven distribution of red cell fluxes in microvessels leading to plasma channels, irregular vascular geometry, and oxygen demand that is out of balance with the supply. The most common theories have suggested that vascular stasis is the most common source of acute hypoxia. If this were true, the incidence of this form of hypoxia would be relatively rare because most studies indicate that total stasis probably occurs less than 5% of the time. Studies have suggested, however, that spontaneous fluctuation in tumor blood flow, on the microregional level, can lead to tissue hypoxia, and total vascular stasis is not required. Spontaneous fluctuations in flow and Po2 appear to occur commonly. Thus, the most current evidence suggests that tumor oxygenation is in a continuous state of flux. Collectively, this new information has important implications for therapy resistance and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Burton SA, Paljug WR, Kalnicki S, Werts ED. Hypothermia-enhanced human tumor cell radiosensitivity. Cryobiology 1997; 35:70-8. [PMID: 9302769 DOI: 10.1006/cryo.1997.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ablation of neoplastic disease by freezing has found increasing utility as a potential therapeutic modality. To assess the effect of cooling temperatures on cellular radiation response, an established human cervical carcinoma cell line (HTB35) was subjected to holding temperatures of 0, 5, or 15 degrees C for up to 24 h before irradiation. Survival was measured by in vitro clonogenic assay of colonies containing at least 50 cells. Cooling for up to 12 h did not significantly decrease survival, but after 24 h survival fell to 75% of control cultures grown at 37 degrees C. X-irradiation immediately after cooling for 24 h resulted in 1.6-fold enhanced radiosensitivity. However, the radiosensitizing effect decayed rapidly if the cooled cells were returned to normal growth temperature for 6 h or longer before irradiation and subculture. Both temperature and cooling duration influenced the radiation response. With 0, 5, or 15 degrees C, radiosensitivity increased after 3, 6, or 12 h, respectively, and progressively rose with up to 24 h of cooling. By flow cytometric analysis, no statistically significant difference was observed in the S-phase fraction between control cells and those cooled to 0 degree C for 24 h. These data demonstrate cooling-enhanced in vitro radiation sensitivity which is dependent upon cooling temperature, duration, and rewarming interval before irradiation. While cell cycle redistribution does not appear to be a factor in the increased radiosensitivity, differences in the radiation survival curves between cooled versus normothermic cells suggest that diminished capacity for sublethal damage repair may be a significant influence on the changes which were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Burton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212-9986, USA
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Secomb TW, Hsu R, Ong ET, Gross JF, Dewhirst MW. Analysis of the effects of oxygen supply and demand on hypoxic fraction in tumors. Acta Oncol 1995; 34:313-6. [PMID: 7779415 DOI: 10.3109/02841869509093981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The extent of hypoxic regions in a tumor tissue depends on the arrangement, blood flow rate and blood oxygen content of microvessels, and on the tissue's oxygen consumption rate. Here, the effects of blood flow rate, blood oxygen content and oxygen consumption on hypoxic fraction are simulated theoretically, for a region whose microvascular geometry was derived from observations of a transplanted mammary andenocarcinoma (R3230AC) in a rat dorsal skin flap preparation. In the control state, arterial PO2 is 100 mmHg, consumption rate is 2.4 cm3 O2/100 g/min, and hypoxic fraction (tissue with PO2 < 3 mmHg) is 30%. Hypoxia is abolished by a reduction in consumption rate of at least 30%, relative to control, or an increase in flow rate by a factor of 4 or more, or an increase in arterial PO2 by a factor of 11 or more. These results suggest that reducing oxygen consumption rate may be more effective than elevating blood flow or oxygen content as a method to reduce tumor hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Secomb
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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Morse ML, Smith DS. Cold-shock modification of the oxygen enhancement ratio of Escherichia coli cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY AND RELATED STUDIES IN PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MEDICINE 1987; 52:171-5. [PMID: 3298112 DOI: 10.1080/09553008714551591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hering ER, Blekkenhorst G, Harrison GG, Morrell D, Korrubel J, Gregory A, Phillips J, Manca V, Sealy R. Single-dose relative biological effectiveness and toxicity studies under conditions of hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygen. Br J Radiol 1986; 59:1099-103. [PMID: 3790897 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-59-707-1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An approach to using hyperbaric oxygen with radiation in a clinical situation has been described in the preceding paper in this issue. To ascertain whether there might be a change in the relative biological effectiveness of radiation on normal mammalian tissue treated under conditions of hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygen, the acute reaction to radiation of pig skin was studied. A single dose enhancement ratio at the erythema reaction level of 1.4 +/- 0.08 was obtained when compared with irradiation at normal body temperature in air. We studied also a series of antioxidant enzymes in rat liver and lung after exposure to hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygen. Enzyme changes were such as to combat oxygen toxicity which might develop as a result of the pre-treatment.
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