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Auckburally A, Nyman G, Wiklund MK, Straube AK, Perchiazzi G, Beda A, Ley CJ, Lord PF. Development of a method to measure regional perfusion of the lung in anesthetized ponies using computed tomography angiography and the maximum slope model. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:162-170. [PMID: 34851854 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.03.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a method based on CT angiography and the maximum slope model (MSM) to measure regional lung perfusion in anesthetized ponies. ANIMALS 6 ponies. PROCEDURES Anesthetized ponies were positioned in dorsal recumbency in the CT gantry. Contrast was injected, and the lungs were imaged while ponies were breathing spontaneously and while they were mechanically ventilated. Two observers delineated regions of interest in aerated and atelectatic lung, and perfusion in those regions was calculated with the MSM. Measurements obtained with a computerized method were compared with manual measurements, and computerized measurements were compared with previously reported measurements obtained with microspheres. RESULTS Perfusion measurements obtained with the MSM were similar to previously reported values obtained with the microsphere method. While ponies were spontaneously breathing, mean ± SD perfusion for aerated and atelectatic lung regions were 4.0 ± 1.9 and 5.0 ± 1.2 mL/min/g of lung tissue, respectively. During mechanical ventilation, values were 4.6 ± 1.2 and 2.7 ± 0.7 mL/min/g of lung tissue at end expiration and 4.1 ± 0.5 and 2.7 ± 0.6 mL/min/g of lung tissue at peak inspiration. Intraobserver agreement was acceptable, but interobserver agreement was lower. Computerized measurements compared well with manual measurements. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings showed that CT angiography and the MSM could be used to measure regional lung perfusion in dorsally recumbent anesthetized ponies. Measurements are repeatable, suggesting that the method could be used to determine efficacy of therapeutic interventions to improve ventilation-perfusion matching and for other studies for which measurement of regional lung perfusion is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Auckburally
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Görel Nyman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maja K Wiklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna K Straube
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gaetano Perchiazzi
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Beda
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Charles J Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter F Lord
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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O'Sullivan KJ, Kermavnar T, Gorski KA, Arnous S, O'Sullivan LW. Warmed contrast media temperature loss in traditional manifold systems during angiographic procedures. Acta Radiol 2021; 63:1627-1633. [PMID: 34747192 DOI: 10.1177/02841851211055393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrinsic warming of contrast media (CM) to 37 °C before angiographic procedures is performed to improve bolus kinetics and avoid potential adverse effects. Extrinsically warmed CM readily loses temperature after removal from the warming cabinet, but the extent of its cooling has not been previously investigated. PURPOSE To assess temperature loss of extrinsically warmed CM in tubing of traditional angiographic manifolds during simulated angiography. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 35 scheduled diagnostic angiographic procedures were observed in a hospital setting. Relevant time points of CM use during the procedures were recorded. The shortest, median, and longest procedures were then simulated in the experimental laboratory to measure CM temperatures at specific times at three locations along the tubing system. RESULTS The angiographic procedures lasted 7.0-26.6 min (median = 11.7 min), with the total duration dependent primarily on the time from contrast being removed from the warming cabinet to the commencement of imaging. During the simulated procedures, consistent patterns of temperature loss were observed. By the last simulated angiographic run, injected CM temperature decreased by 7.4-16.4 °C, depending on procedure length. Most of the heat loss occurred in the tubing between the CM bottle and coronary control syringe. CONCLUSION During angiographic procedures, prewarmed CM loses its temperature rapidly with the duration of exposure to ambient room temperature. If no additional measures are employed to maintain its temperature outside of the warming cabinet, extrinsic warming has limited impact on injected CM temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. O'Sullivan
- School of Design and Confirm Smart Manufacturing Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, School of Design and Confirm Smart Manufacturing Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tjaša Kermavnar
- School of Design and Confirm Smart Manufacturing Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | | | - Leonard W. O'Sullivan
- School of Design and Confirm Smart Manufacturing Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, School of Design and Confirm Smart Manufacturing Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Hontoir F, Clegg P, Simon V, Kirschvink N, Nisolle JF, Vandeweerd JM. Accuracy of computed tomographic arthrography for assessment of articular cartilage defects in the ovine stifle. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 58:512-523. [PMID: 28429403 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects are one of the features of osteoarthritis in animals and humans. Early detection of cartilage defects is a challenge in clinical veterinary practice and also in translational research studies. An accurate, diagnostic imaging method would be desirable for detecting and following up lesions in specific anatomical regions of the articular surface. The current prospective experimental study aimed to describe the accuracy of computed tomographic arthrography (CTA) for detecting cartilage defects in a common animal model used for osteoarthritis research, the ovine stifle (knee, femoropatellar/femorotibial) joint. Joints in cadaver limbs (n = 42) and in living animals under anesthesia (n = 13) were injected with a contrast medium and imaged using a standardized CT protocol. Gross anatomy and histological assessment of specific anatomic regions were used as a gold standard for the evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value for CTA identification of articular cartilage defects in those regions. Pooled estimated sensitivity and specificity were 90.32% and 97.30%, respectively, in cadaver limbs, and 81.82% and 95.24%, respectively, in living animals. Pooled estimated positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 98.25% and 85.71%, respectively, in cadaver limbs, and 81.82% and 95.24%, respectively, in living animals. The delineation of cartilage surface was good for anatomical regions most frequently affected by cartilage defects in the ovine stifle: medial femoral condyle, medial tibial condyle, and patella. This study supported the use of CTA as an imaging technique for detecting and monitoring articular cartilage defects in the ovine stifle joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Hontoir
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit-Namur Research Institute for Life Science (IVRU-NARILIS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Namur, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Peter Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Vincent Simon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit-Namur Research Institute for Life Science (IVRU-NARILIS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Namur, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Kirschvink
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit-Namur Research Institute for Life Science (IVRU-NARILIS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Namur, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Michel Vandeweerd
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit-Namur Research Institute for Life Science (IVRU-NARILIS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Namur, 5000, Namur, Belgium
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Davenport MS, Parikh KR, Mayo-Smith WW, Israel GM, Brown RK, Ellis JH. Effect of Fixed-Volume and Weight-Based Dosing Regimens on the Cost and Volume of Administered Iodinated Contrast Material at Abdominal CT. J Am Coll Radiol 2017; 14:359-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Davenport MS, Wang CL, Bashir MR, Neville AM, Paulson EK. Rate of contrast material extravasations and allergic-like reactions: effect of extrinsic warming of low-osmolality iodinated CT contrast material to 37 degrees C. Radiology 2011; 262:475-84. [PMID: 22106356 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively determine whether extrinsic warming of the low-osmolality contrast material iopamidol to 37°C prior to intravenous administration at computed tomography (CT) affects extravasation and allergic-like reaction rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS The need to obtain informed patient consent was waived for this HIPAA-compliant and institutional review board-approved analysis. All adverse events related to the intravenous administration of iopamidol during CT examinations occurring 200 days before (period 1) and 200 days after (period 2) the cessation of extrinsic contrast material warming (37°C) for intravenous injections of less than 6 mL/sec at Duke University Medical Center (Durham, NC) were retrospectively reviewed. Adverse event rates were compared by using χ2 statistics. RESULTS There were 12,682 injections during period 1 (10,831 injections of iopamidol 300 and 1851 injections of iopamidol 370) and 12,138 injections (10, 064 injections of iopamidol 300 and 2074 injections of iopamidol 370) during period 2. Adverse event rates for iopamidol 300 were not affected by extrinsic warming (extravasation rates: 0.30% [32 of 10,831] in period 1 vs 0.23% [23 of 10,064] in period 2, P=.64; allergic-like reaction rates: 0.39% [42 of 10,831] in period 1 vs 0.46% [46 of 10,064] in period 2, P=.74; overall adverse events: 0.68% [74 of 10,831] in period 1 vs 0.69% [69 of 10,064] in period 2, P=.99). Discontinuation of extrinsic warming was associated with significantly increased extravasation and overall adverse event rates for iopamidol 370 (extravasation rates: 0.27% [five of 1851] vs 0.87% [18 of 2074], P=.05; allergic-like reaction rates: 0.16% [three of 1851] vs 0.39% [eight of 2074], P=.42; overall adverse events: 0.43% [eight of 1851] vs 1.25% [26 of 2074], P=.02). CONCLUSION Extrinsic warming (to 37°C) does not appear to affect adverse event rates for intravenous injections of iopamidol 300 of less than 6 mL/sec but is associated with a significant reduction in extravasation and overall adverse event rates for the more viscous iopamidol 370.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Davenport
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2A209P, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA.
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Contrast Material Administration Protocols for 64-MDCT Angiography: Altering Volume and Rate and Use of a Saline Chaser to Better Match the Imaging Window—Physiologic Phantom Study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009; 193:1568-75. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.09.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yamauchi T, Furui S, Suzuki S, Mimura K, Hayashi T, Yamada T, Futami C, Tsukiyama Y, Harada M. A simple method to estimate the optimum iodine concentration of contrast material through microcatheters: hydrodynamic calculation with spreadsheet software. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:1385-95. [PMID: 18296768 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/5/014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is important to increase the iodine delivery rate (I), that is the iodine concentration of the contrast material (C) x the flow rate of the contrast material (Q), through microcatheters to obtain arteriograms of the highest contrast. It is known that C is an important factor that influences I. The purpose of this study is to establish a method of hydrodynamic calculation of the optimum iodine concentration (i.e., the iodine concentration at which I becomes maximum) of the contrast material and its flow rate through commercially available microcatheters. Iopamidol, ioversol and iohexol of ten iodine concentrations were used. Iodine delivery rates (I meas) of each contrast material through ten microcatheters were measured. The calculated iodine delivery rate (I cal) and calculated optimum iodine concentration (calculated C opt) were obtained with spreadsheet software. The agreement between I cal and I meas was studied by correlation and logarithmic Bland-Altman analyses. The value of the calculated C opt was within the optimum range of iodine concentrations (i.e. the range of iodine concentrations at which I meas becomes 90% or more of the maximum) in all cases. A good correlation between I cal and I meas (I cal = 1.08 I meas, r = 0.99) was observed. Logarithmic Bland-Altman analysis showed that the 95% confidence interval of I cal/I meas was between 0.82 and 1.29. In conclusion, hydrodynamic calculation with spreadsheet software is an accurate, generally applicable and cost-saving method to estimate the value of the optimum iodine concentration and its flow rate through microcatheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teiyu Yamauchi
- Department of Radiology, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Mizonokuchi 3-8-3, Takatsu, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2138507, Japan.
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Brunette J, Mongrain R, Rodés-Cabau J, Larose É, Leask R, Bertrand OF. Comparative rheology of low- and iso-osmolarity contrast agents at different temperatures. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2007; 71:78-83. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.21400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Savin MA, Bush WH, Starr FL, Schmiedl UP, Nelson JA. Blood back flow into angiographic catheters. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1995; 6:807-12. [PMID: 8541689 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(95)71191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Because of a potential impact on thrombus formation, this study determines the degree of blood back flow into catheters filled with different fluids. MATERIALS AND METHODS Catheters filled with saline or non-ionic or ionic contrast medium were placed in pulsatile circulating human blood in vitro. Catheter orientation was varied, and blood back flow was recorded. RESULTS When the leading end of the catheter was angled downward, blood back flow into a contrast material-filled catheter was far greater than that into a saline-filled catheter (7.0 vs 0.5 cm). Conversely, when the leading end of the catheter was horizontal, blood back flow was much greater when the catheter contained saline versus contrast media (3.6 vs 0.4 cm). Ionicity of contrast material did not affect back flow. CONCLUSION Back flow of blood into a catheter can be considerable and is dependent on the type of fluid within the catheter and orientation of the leading end of the catheter. Angiographic techniques adjusted to these findings are important to maintain patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Savin
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, USA
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Jung F, Bach R, Scheller B, Schmitt RM, Spitzer S, Heidmann D. [The flow of contrast media in coronary catheters: study of the structural quality in interventional cardiology]. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 1995; 40:2-8. [PMID: 7703345 DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1995.40.1-2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the contrast medium flow in 8 different types of left heart catheter having two different diameters (each n = 5). Using a 10 ml syringe and the contrast medium Ultravist 370, we calculated a mean value of 94.24 N + 16.01 for the maximum manual injection force in 18 test subjects. For the sake of simplicity, the figure of 100 N was defined as standardized manual force (which is within the standard deviation). If the maximally admissible static pressure of 82.5 bar is not to be exceeded, flow rates of not more than 16-17 ml/s are possible with 5.2 Fr. catheters, and 21-23 ml/s and 1.46 ml/s for 5.2 Fr. catheters, and between 1.99 ml/s and 2.17 ml/s for 6 Fr. catheters. Thus, a 50% higher flow can be achieved with 6 Fr. catheters as compared with 5.2 Fr. catheters at the same injection force. The iodine delivery rates are between 506 mg iodine/s and 539 mg iodine/s for 5.2 Fr. catheters, and between 738 mg iodine/s and 804 mg iodine/s for 6 Fr. catheters. The figures for the jet stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jung
- Abteilung für klinische Hämostaseologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg
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