Osteosarcoma metastatic to the kidney with invasion of the inferior vena cava

Right Atrial and Ventricular Thrombus Infiltrated with Osteoblastic Osteosarcoma

The presenting signs of osteogenic osteosarcoma are commonly pain, local swelling, local warmth, pathologic fracture, and metastatic disease. Deep venous metastasis of osteoblastic osteosarcoma is most often a postmortem diagnosis. This paper describes the case of a previously healthy 18-year-old woman who presented with dyspnea and lower extremity edema. This is a rare, and to our knowledge, a previously unreported case of right atrial and ventricular tumor thrombus infiltrated with osteoblastic osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma of the lumbosacral spine invading the central venous pathways, right-sided cardiac chambers, and pulmonary artery

We report an unusual case of lumbosacral osteogenic sarcoma with cauda equina syndrome and invasion into the central venous and cardiac system. A 41-year-old Hispanic man presented to the emergency department complaining of severe low back pain, cauda equina syndrome, bilateral lower extremity edema, and an extra heart sound on physical examination. CT of the lumbosacral spine done in the emergency department demonstrated a sclerotic lesion in the sacrum with cortical destruction, extension into the spinal canal and a bulky soft tissue mass containing calcifications. Supplemental MRI demonstrated marrow replacement of L4, L5, and the sacrum, soft tissue extension of the tumor, and invasion iliac veins extending into the IVC; however, the full extent of the intravascular tumor was not seen on this examination. Surgical laminectomy and biopsy of the spinal tumor provided the diagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed while the patient was recovering due to nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, which showed an echogenic mass within the right atrium and ventricle. CT pulmonary angiogram confirmed the echocardiogram showing a tumor extending through the pulmonary valve into the main pulmonary artery. The patient underwent en bloc resection of the tumor from the venous and cardiac systems. Histologic examination of the tumor confirmed osteogenic sarcoma. While vertebral osteogenic sarcoma is uncommon, invasion of the spinal canal is common in these tumors. However, tumor extending into the central venous and cardiac system is rare. The previously reported cases of central venous and cardiac involvement have been related to distant metastases or primary cardiac osteosarcomas. There is only one other reported case of direct extension into the venous system by an iliac bone osteosarcoma in an adolescent; however, the tumor did not extend into the pulmonary circulation.

Bilateral renal metastases from osteosarcoma: A case report and review of the literature

Improvements in multimodal therapy for osteosarcoma (OS) have increased event-free and overall survival. But have also led to a greater number of recurrences in uncommon sites. We report a young adult with OS who developed late bilateral renal relapse. Late recurrences to the kidneys have a more aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis documented by 15 cases of OS metastastic to the kidney in the literature. Two of those patients had a long survival after chemotherapy and surgery. This suggests that the disease can be controlled with early detection and treatment.

Imaging findings of extrapulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma

PURPOSE

To review imaging findings of extrapulmonary metastasis from osteosarcoma and to evaluate them for any consistent pattern and correlation between imaging findings.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study was retrospectively conducted in 13 patients with extrapulmonary metastasis of pathologically confirmed osteosarcoma. We evaluated the radioisotope (RI) scans (n=16), ultrasonography (USG) (n=4), computed tomography (CT) scans (n=10), MRIs (n=6), clinical records, and pathological reports for assessment of imaging findings and correlation between radiologic findings and RI uptake of the lesions. Points evaluated were the following: uptake on RI scans, presence of mineralization on CT, and MRI, size, enhancement pattern, attenuation on CT, signal intensity (SI) on MRI, and echogenicity on USG.

RESULTS

Extrapulmonary metastatic sites were diverse, including another bone other than the primary site (n=6), lymph node (n=4), pleura (n=2), liver (n=2), pancreas (n=1), kidney (n=1), peritoneum (n=1), muscle (n=1), and subcutaneous fat layer (n=1). One patient had tumor growth within the pulmonary artery and jejunum. Among 21 metastatic sites in 13 patients, bone scan was performed in 16 cases and RI uptake was detected in 10 lesions. Calcification was detected in eight lesions on radiologic imaging, including plain radiography, USG, CT, and MRI. Two lesions showed RI uptake without definite calcification or ossification on MRI and plain radiography, respectively. We analyzed the enhancement pattern and mass size in 18 metastatic sites and these factors had poor correlation with uptake on RI scans.

CONCLUSION

The sites and imaging findings of extrapulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma were variable. All the lesions with mineralization were detectable on RI scans prior to radiologic imaging. RI scan has a limited role in the evaluation of metastatic lesions without mineralization.

Renal involvement in multifocal osteosarcoma

A rare case of multifocal osteosarcoma metastatic to kidney, lung and lymph nodes is presented. Radiological findings included multiple foci of sclerotic lesions involving the axial and peripheral skeleton, a heterogeneous renal mass with areas of calcification, multiple pulmonary metastases with pneumothorax, and partially calcified enlarged mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes.