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Chung M, Ton L, Lee AY. Forget Me Not: Incidental Findings on Breast MRI. JOURNAL OF BREAST IMAGING 2024:wbae023. [PMID: 38758984 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
With the growing utilization and expanding role of breast MRI, breast imaging radiologists may encounter an increasing number of incidental findings beyond the breast and axilla. Breast MRI encompasses a large area of anatomic coverage extending from the lower neck to the upper abdomen. While most incidental findings on breast MRI are benign, identifying metastatic disease can have a substantial impact on staging, prognosis, and treatment. Breast imaging radiologists should be familiar with common sites, MRI features, and breast cancer subtypes associated with metastatic disease to assist in differentiating malignant from benign findings. Furthermore, detection of malignancies of nonbreast origin as well as nonmalignant, but clinically relevant, incidental findings can significantly impact clinical management and patient outcomes. Breast imaging radiologists should consistently follow a comprehensive search pattern and employ techniques to improve the detection of these important incidental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Chung
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Ton
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amie Y Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Abideen ZU, Arifeen WU, Bandara YMNDY. Emerging trends in metal oxide-based electronic noses for healthcare applications: a review. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38680123 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00073k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
An electronic nose (E-nose) is a technology fundamentally inspired by the human nose, designed to detect, recognize, and differentiate specific odors or volatile components in complex and chaotic environments. Comprising an array of sensors with meticulously designed nanostructured architectures, E-noses translate the chemical information captured by these sensors into useful metrics using complex pattern recognition algorithms. E-noses can significantly enhance the quality of life by offering preventive point-of-care devices for medical diagnostics through breath analysis, and by monitoring and tracking hazardous and toxic gases in the environment. They are increasingly being used in defense and surveillance, medical diagnostics, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and product validation and authentication. The major challenge in developing a reliable E-nose involves miniaturization and low power consumption. Various sensing materials are employed to address these issues. This review presents the key advancements over the last decade in E-nose technology, specifically focusing on chemiresistive metal oxide sensing materials. It discusses their sensing mechanisms, integration into portable E-noses, and various data analysis techniques. Additionally, we review the primary metal oxide-based E-noses for disease detection through breath analysis. Finally, we address the major challenges and issues in developing and implementing a portable metal oxide-based E-nose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ul Abideen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Waqas Ul Arifeen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, South Korea
| | - Y M Nuwan D Y Bandara
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Ugajin M, Yamashita M, Kani H. PET Scanning May Not Distinguish Benign Schwannoma from Metastasis in a Patient with Lung Adenocarcinoma. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2023; 10:004048. [PMID: 37789974 PMCID: PMC10545143 DOI: 10.12890/2023_004048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A 69-year-old man was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with metastasis because two masses in the right intercostal space and right back muscle showed high accumulation on positron emission tomography (PET). The 6-month treatment with osimertinib significantly reduced his lung lesion, but no changes were observed in the metastatic lesions. Needle biopsy revealed that the lesion in the right back muscle was a schwannoma. Surgical resection revealed that the right intercostal lesion was also a schwannoma; subsequently, a right upper lobectomy was performed. The patient was finally diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma without metastasis. High accumulations of lesions observed on PET may indicate schwannomas. LEARNING POINTS Benign schwannomas could show high accumulations on positron emission tomography.Accurate diagnosis of schwannoma using only images is quite challenging.Histological examinations should be considered when asymptomatic lesions are suspected to be metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Ugajin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai City, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute City, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai City, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai City, Japan
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A Comprehensive Survey on the Progress, Process, and Challenges of Lung Cancer Detection and Classification. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:5905230. [PMID: 36569180 PMCID: PMC9788902 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5905230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the primary reason of cancer deaths worldwide, and the percentage of death rate is increasing step by step. There are chances of recovering from lung cancer by detecting it early. In any case, because the number of radiologists is limited and they have been working overtime, the increase in image data makes it hard for them to evaluate the images accurately. As a result, many researchers have come up with automated ways to predict the growth of cancer cells using medical imaging methods in a quick and accurate way. Previously, a lot of work was done on computer-aided detection (CADe) and computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) in computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and X-ray with the goal of effective detection and segmentation of pulmonary nodule, as well as classifying nodules as malignant or benign. But still, no complete comprehensive review that includes all aspects of lung cancer has been done. In this paper, every aspect of lung cancer is discussed in detail, including datasets, image preprocessing, segmentation methods, optimal feature extraction and selection methods, evaluation measurement matrices, and classifiers. Finally, the study looks into several lung cancer-related issues with possible solutions.
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Usuda K, Ishikawa M, Iwai S, Yamagata A, Iijima Y, Motono N, Matoba M, Doai M, Hirata K, Uramoto H. Pulmonary Nodule and Mass: Superiority of MRI of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and T2-Weighted Imaging to FDG-PET/CT. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205166. [PMID: 34680313 PMCID: PMC8533899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can be valuable for differential diagnosis of lung cancer from benign pulmonary nodules and masses (PNMs), the diagnostic capability may not be perfect. This study’s purpose was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of DWI and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) in PNMs. There were 278 lung cancers and 50 benign PNMs that were examined by FDG-PET/CT and MRI. The sensitivity of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was significantly lower than that of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the T2 contrast ratio (T2 CR). The accuracy of SUVmax was significantly lower than that of ADC and that of T2 CR. The sensitivity and accuracy of MRI were significantly higher than those of FDG-PET/CT. MRI can replace FDG-PET/CT for differential diagnosis of PNMs. Abstract The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of FDG-PET/CT and MRI in discriminating malignant from benign pulmonary nodules and masses (PNMs). There were 278 lung cancers and 50 benign PNMs that were examined by FDG-PET/CT and MRI. The T2 contrast ratio (T2 CR) was designated as the ratio of T2 signal intensity of PNM divided by T2 signal intensity of the rhomboid muscle. The optimal cut-off values (OCVs) for differential diagnosis were 3.605 for maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), 1.459 × 10−3 mm2/s for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and 2.46 for T2 CR. Areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves were 67.5% for SUVmax, 74.3% for ADC, and 72.4% for T2 CR, respectively. The sensitivity (0.658) of SUVmax was significantly lower than that (0.838) of ADC (p < 0.001) and that (0.871) of T2 CR (p < 0.001). The specificity (0.620) of SUVmax was that the same as (0.640) ADC and (0.640) of T2 CR. The accuracy (0.652) of SUVmax was significantly lower than that (0.808) of ADC (p < 0.001) and that (0.835) of T2 CR (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and accuracy of DWI and T2WI in MRI were significantly higher than those of FDG-PET/CT. Ultimately, MRI can replace FDG PET/CT for differential diagnosis of PNMs saving healthcare systems money while not sacrificing the quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuo Usuda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.I.); (S.I.); (A.Y.); (Y.I.); (N.M.); (H.U.)
- Shimada Hospital, Fukui 910-0855, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-286-2211; Fax: +81-76-286-1207
| | - Masahito Ishikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.I.); (S.I.); (A.Y.); (Y.I.); (N.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Shun Iwai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.I.); (S.I.); (A.Y.); (Y.I.); (N.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Aika Yamagata
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.I.); (S.I.); (A.Y.); (Y.I.); (N.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Yoshihito Iijima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.I.); (S.I.); (A.Y.); (Y.I.); (N.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Nozomu Motono
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.I.); (S.I.); (A.Y.); (Y.I.); (N.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Munetaka Matoba
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Mariko Doai
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Keiya Hirata
- MRI Center, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.I.); (S.I.); (A.Y.); (Y.I.); (N.M.); (H.U.)
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Novel Insights of T2-Weighted Imaging: Significance for Discriminating Lung Cancer from Benign Pulmonary Nodules and Masses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153713. [PMID: 34359616 PMCID: PMC8345147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging is useful for discriminating lung cancer from benign pulmonary nodules and masses (BPNMs), however the diagnostic capability is not perfect. The aim of this research was to clarify whether T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) is efficient in discriminating lung cancer from BPNMs, especially from pulmonary abscesses. A T2 contrast ratio (T2 CR) for a pulmonary nodule is defined as the ratio of T2 signal intensity of a pulmonary nodule divided by the T2 signal intensity of the rhomboid muscle. There were 52 lung cancers and 40 inflammatory BPNMs (mycobacteria disease 12, pneumonia 13, pulmonary abscess 9, other 6) and seven non-inflammatory BPNMs. The T2 CR (2.14 ± 0.63) of lung cancers was significantly lower than that (2.68 ± 1.04) of BPNMs (p = 0.0021). The T2 CR of lung cancers was significantly lower than that (2.93 ± 0.26) of pulmonary abscesses (p = 0.011). When the optical cutoff value of T2 CR was set as 2.44, the sensitivity was 0.827 (43/52), the specificity 0.596 (28/47), the accuracy 0.717 (71/99), the positive predictive value 0.694 (43/62), and the negative predictive value 0.757 (28/37). T2 CR of T2WI is useful in discriminating lung cancer from BPNMs. Pulmonary abscesses, which show strong restricted diffusion in DWI, can be differentiated from lung cancers using T2WI.
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Usuda K, Ishikawa M, Iwai S, Iijima Y, Motono N, Matoba M, Doai M, Hirata K, Uramoto H. Combination Assessment of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and T2-Weighted Imaging Is Acceptable for the Differential Diagnosis of Lung Cancer from Benign Pulmonary Nodules and Masses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071551. [PMID: 33800560 PMCID: PMC8037373 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The purpose of this study is to determine whether the combination assessment of DWI and T2WI improves the diagnostic ability for differential diagnosis of lung cancer from benign pulmonary nodules and masses (BPNMs). As using the OCV (1.470 × 10−3 mm2/s) for ADC, the sensitivity was 83.9% (220/262), the specificity 63.4% (33/52), and the accuracy 80.6% (253/314). As using the OCV (2.45) for T2 CR, the sensitivity was 89.7% (235/262), the specificity 61.5% (32/52), and the accuracy 85.0% (267/314). In 212 PNMs which were judged to be malignant by both DWI and T2WI, 203 PNMs (95.8%) were lung cancers. In 33 PNMs which were judged to be benign by both DWI and T2WI, 23 PNMs (69.7%) were BPNMs. The combined assessment of DWI and T2WI could judge PNMs more precisely and would be acceptable for differential diagnosis of PNMs. Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine whether the combination assessment of DWI and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) improves the diagnostic ability for differential diagnosis of lung cancer from benign pulmonary nodules and masses (BPNMs). The optimal cut-off value (OCV) for differential diagnosis was set at 1.470 × 10−3 mm2/s for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and at 2.45 for T2 contrast ratio (T2 CR). The ADC (1.24 ± 0.29 × 10−3 mm2/s) of lung cancer was significantly lower than that (1.69 ± 0.58 × 10−3 mm2/s) of BPNM. The T2 CR (2.01 ± 0.52) of lung cancer was significantly lower than that (2.74 ± 1.02) of BPNM. As using the OCV for ADC, the sensitivity was 83.9% (220/262), the specificity 63.4% (33/52), and the accuracy 80.6% (253/314). As using the OCV for T2 CR, the sensitivity was 89.7% (235/262), the specificity 61.5% (32/52), and the accuracy 85.0% (267/314). In 212 PNMs which were judged to be malignant by both DWI and T2WI, 203 PNMs (95.8%) were lung cancers. In 33 PNMs which were judged to be benign by both DWI and T2WI, 23 PNMs (69.7%) were BPNMs. The combined assessment of DWI and T2WI could judge PNMs more precisely and would be acceptable for differential diagnosis of PNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuo Usuda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.I.); (S.I.); (Y.I.); (N.M.); (H.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-286-2211; Fax: +81-76-286-1207
| | - Masahito Ishikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.I.); (S.I.); (Y.I.); (N.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Shun Iwai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.I.); (S.I.); (Y.I.); (N.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Yoshihito Iijima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.I.); (S.I.); (Y.I.); (N.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Nozomu Motono
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.I.); (S.I.); (Y.I.); (N.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Munetaka Matoba
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Mariko Doai
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Keiya Hirata
- MRI Center, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.I.); (S.I.); (Y.I.); (N.M.); (H.U.)
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Cho SW, Ko HJ, Park TH. Identification of a Lung Cancer Biomarker Using a Cancer Cell Line and Screening of Olfactory Receptors for Biomarker Detection. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Li CL, Yan XC, Liu M, Li PP, Guo XT, Xu YJ, He XM. Magnetic resonance-guided repeat biopsy of suspicious malignant lung lesions after an initial negative computed tomography-guided Biopsy. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1689-1695. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1655_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Evaluation of whole-body MRI with diffusion-weighted sequences in the staging of pediatric cancer patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238166. [PMID: 32853252 PMCID: PMC7451574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine whether whole-body MRI (WBMRI) with diffusion-weighted sequences, which is free of ionizing radiation, can perform as well as traditional methods when used alone for staging or follow-up of pediatric cancer patients. METHODS After obtaining approval from our institutional research ethics committee and appropriate informed consent, we performed 34 examinations in 32 pediatric patients. The examinations were anonymized and analyzed by two radiologists with at least 10 years' experience. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity findings, respectively, were as follows: 100% and 100% for primary tumor; 100% and 86% for bone metastasis; 33% and 100% for lung metastasis; 85% and 100% for lymph node metastasis; and 100% and 62% for global investigation of primary or secondary neoplasias. We observed excellent interobserver agreement for WBMRI and excellent agreement with standard staging examination results. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pediatric patients can be safely imaged with WBMRI, although not as the only tool but in association with low-dose chest CT (for subcentimeter pulmonary nodules). However, additional exams with ionizing radiation may be necessary for patients who tested positive to correctly quantify and locate the lesions.
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Kumar N, Sharma M, Aggarwal N, Sharma S, Sarkar M, Singh B, Sharma N. Role of Various DW MRI and DCE MRI Parameters as Predictors of Malignancy in Solid Pulmonary Lesions. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 72:525-532. [PMID: 32268774 DOI: 10.1177/0846537120914894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate various diffusion and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) parameters in differentiating malignant from benign pulmonary lesions. METHODS We enrolled 31 (22 males) patients who had solid pulmonary lesion(s) >2 cm in our cross sectional study. Of these, 23 (74.2%) were found to be malignant on histopathology. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was performed using 36 dynamic measurements (volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination). Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW MRI) performed at b value of 800 s/mm2. We measured different diffusion and perfusion parameters, for example, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) SI, mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), minimum ADC, lesion-to-spinal cord ratio, DWI score, T2 score, Ktrans, Kep, and Ve. We stratified values of each parameter as high if it was >median of values observed in our data set and low if it was ≤median. Normally distributed data were compared by unpaired t test, whereas non-normal continuous data were compared by Kruskal Wallis-H test. We applied Wilson score method to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of parameters that were statistically significant by type of lesion with reference to histopathological examination as gold standard. RESULTS Diffusion-weighted imaging SI, mean ADC, minimum ADC, DWI score and Ktrans values were found to be significantly different (P value < .05) by type of lesion. Ktrans was found to have the highest diagnostic accuracy (74.2%) among these parameters. CONCLUSION Ktrans and mean ADC had similar sensitivity of 65.2%. However, Ktrans had highest diagnostic accuracy among various DWI and DCE MRI parameters in predicting malignancy in solid pulmonary lesions. In our study, we found a cutoff value 0.251 min-1 for Ktrans as 100% specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- 75156Dr Rajendra Prasad Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
- 80369Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mini Sharma
- 75156Dr Rajendra Prasad Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neeti Aggarwal
- 80369Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjiv Sharma
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, 80369Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Malay Sarkar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, 80369Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Balraj Singh
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, 80369Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Navneet Sharma
- 80369Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Underwood JJ, Quadri RS, Kalva SP, Shah H, Sanjeeviah AR, Beg MS, Sutphin PD. Liquid Biopsy for Cancer: Review and Implications for the Radiologist. Radiology 2020; 294:5-17. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Gao X, Guo L, Li J, Thu HE, Hussain Z. Nanomedicines guided nanoimaging probes and nanotherapeutics for early detection of lung cancer and abolishing pulmonary metastasis: Critical appraisal of newer developments and challenges to clinical transition. J Control Release 2018; 292:29-57. [PMID: 30359665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the second most prevalent type of cancer and primary cause of mortality among both men and women, worldwide. The most commonly employed diagnostic modalities for LC include chest X-ray (CXR), magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT-scan), and fused-positron-emitting-tomography-CT (PET-CT). Owing to several limitations associated with the use of conventional diagnostic tools such as radiation burden to the patient, misleading diagnosis ("missed lung cancer"), false staging and low sensitivity and resolution, contemporary diagnostic regimen needed to be employed for screening of LC. In recent decades, nanotechnology-guided interventions have been transpired as emerging nanoimaging probes for detection of LC at advanced stages, while producing signal amplification, better resolution for surface and deep tissue imaging, and enhanced translocation and biodistribution of imaging probes within the cancerous tissues. Besides enormous potential of nanoimaging probes, nanotechnology-based advancements have also been evidenced for superior efficacy for treatment of LC and abolishing pulmonary metastasis (PM). The success of nanotherapeutics is due to their ability to maximise translocation and biodistribution of anti-neoplastic agents into the tumor tissues, improve pharmacokinetic profiles of anti-metastatic agents, optimise target-specific drug delivery, and control release kinetics of encapsulated moieties in target tissues. This review aims to overview and critically discuss the superiority of nanoimaging probes and nanotherapeutics over conventional regimen for early detection of LC and abolishing PM. Current challenges to clinical transition of nanoimaging probes and therapeutic viability of nanotherapeutics for treatment for LC and PM have also been pondered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Hnin Ei Thu
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Faculty of Dentistry, Lincoln University College, Jalan Stadium, SS 7/15, Kelana Jaya, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Menten MJ, Wetscherek A, Fast MF. MRI-guided lung SBRT: Present and future developments. Phys Med 2017; 44:139-149. [PMID: 28242140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is rapidly becoming an alternative to surgery for the treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients. Lung SBRT is administered in a hypo-fractionated, conformal manner, delivering high doses to the target. To avoid normal-tissue toxicity, it is crucial to limit the exposure of nearby healthy organs-at-risk (OAR). Current image-guided radiotherapy strategies for lung SBRT are mostly based on X-ray imaging modalities. Although still in its infancy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance for lung SBRT is not exposure-limited and MRI promises to improve crucial soft-tissue contrast. Looking beyond anatomical imaging, functional MRI is expected to inform treatment decisions and adaptations in the future. This review summarises and discusses how MRI could be advantageous to the different links of the radiotherapy treatment chain for lung SBRT: diagnosis and staging, tumour and OAR delineation, treatment planning, and inter- or intrafractional motion management. Special emphasis is placed on a new generation of hybrid MRI treatment devices and their potential for real-time adaptive radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Menten
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Andreas Wetscherek
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Martin F Fast
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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15
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Sabri YY, Farid Kolta MF, Khairy MA. MR diffusion imaging in mediastinal masses the differentiation between benign and malignant lesions. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Detection and volume estimation of artificial hematomas in the subcutaneous fatty tissue: comparison of different MR sequences at 3.0 T. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2017; 13:135-144. [PMID: 28251480 PMCID: PMC5429378 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-017-9847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In legal medicine, reliable localization and analysis of hematomas in subcutaneous fatty tissue is required for forensic reconstruction. Due to the absence of ionizing radiation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is particularly suited to examining living persons with forensically relevant injuries. However, there is limited experience regarding MRI signal properties of hemorrhage in soft tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate MR sequences with respect to their ability to show high contrast between hematomas and subcutaneous fatty tissue as well as to reliably determine the volume of artificial hematomas. Porcine tissue models were prepared by injecting blood into the subcutaneous fatty tissue to create artificial hematomas. MR images were acquired at 3T and four blinded observers conducted manual segmentation of the hematomas. To assess segmentability, the agreement of measured volume with the known volume of injected blood was statistically analyzed. A physically motivated normalization taking into account partial volume effect was applied to the data to ensure comparable results among differently sized hematomas. The inversion recovery sequence exhibited the best segmentability rate, whereas the T1T2w turbo spin echo sequence showed the most accurate results regarding volume estimation. Both sequences led to reproducible volume estimations. This study demonstrates that MRI is a promising forensic tool to assess and visualize even very small amounts of blood in soft tissue. The presented results enable the improvement of protocols for detection and volume determination of hemorrhage in forensically relevant cases and also provide fundamental knowledge for future in-vivo examinations.
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17
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Kaza E, Dunlop A, Panek R, Collins DJ, Orton M, Symonds‐Tayler R, McQuaid D, Scurr E, Hansen V, Leach MO. Lung volume reproducibility under ABC control and self-sustained breath-holding. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2017; 18:154-162. [PMID: 28300372 PMCID: PMC5689958 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An Active Breathing Coordinator (ABC) can be employed to induce breath-holds during CT imaging and radiotherapy of lung, breast and liver cancer, and recently during lung cancer MRI. The apparatus measures and controls respiratory volume, hence subject lung volume reproducibility is its principal measure of effectiveness. To assess ABC control quality, the intra-session reproducibility of ABC-induced lung volumes was evaluated and compared with that reached by applying the clinical standard of operator-guided self-sustained breath-holds on healthy volunteers during MRI. Inter-session reproducibility was investigated by repeating ABC-controlled breath-holds on a second visit. Additionally, lung volume agreement with ABC devices used with different imaging modalities in the same institution (MR, CT), or for a breast trial treatment, was assessed. Lung volumes were derived from three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted MRI datasets by three observers employing semiautomatic lung delineation on a radiotherapy treatment planning system. Inter-observer variability was less than 6% of the delineated lung volumes. Lung volume agreement between the different conditions over all subjects was investigated using descriptive statistics. The ABC equipment dedicated for MR application exhibited good intra-session and inter-session lung volume reproducibility (1.8% and 3% lung volume variability on average, respectively). MR-assessed lung volumes were similar using different ABC equipment dedicated to MR, CT, or breast radiotherapy. Overall, lung volumes controlled by the same or different ABC devices agreed better than with self-controlled breath-holds, as suggested by the average ABC variation of 1.8% of the measured lung volumes (99 mL), compared to the 4.1% (226 mL) variability observed on average with self-sustained breath-holding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Kaza
- CR‐UK Cancer Imaging CentreInstitute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden HospitalLondonUK
| | - Alex Dunlop
- Joint Department of PhysicsThe Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden HospitalLondonUK
| | - Rafal Panek
- CR‐UK Cancer Imaging CentreInstitute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden HospitalLondonUK
| | - David J. Collins
- CR‐UK Cancer Imaging CentreInstitute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden HospitalLondonUK
| | - Matthew Orton
- CR‐UK Cancer Imaging CentreInstitute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden HospitalLondonUK
| | - Richard Symonds‐Tayler
- Joint Department of PhysicsThe Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden HospitalLondonUK
| | - Dualta McQuaid
- Joint Department of PhysicsThe Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden HospitalLondonUK
| | - Erica Scurr
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Vibeke Hansen
- Joint Department of PhysicsThe Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden HospitalLondonUK
| | - Martin O. Leach
- CR‐UK Cancer Imaging CentreInstitute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden HospitalLondonUK
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18
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Hochhegger B, de Souza VVS, Marchiori E, Irion KL, Souza AS, Elias Junior J, Rodrigues RS, Barreto MM, Escuissato DL, Mançano AD, Araujo Neto CA, Guimarães MD, Nin CS, Santos MK, Silva JLPE. Chest magnetic resonance imaging: a protocol suggestion. Radiol Bras 2016; 48:373-80. [PMID: 26811555 PMCID: PMC4725399 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2014.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, with the development of ultrafast sequences, magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) has been established as a valuable diagnostic modality
in body imaging. Because of improvements in speed and image quality, MRI is now
ready for routine clinical use also in the study of pulmonary diseases. The main
advantage of MRI of the lungs is its unique combination of morphological and
functional assessment in a single imaging session. In this article, the authors
review most technical aspects and suggest a protocol for performing chest MRI.
The authors also describe the three major clinical indications for MRI of the
lungs: staging of lung tumors; evaluation of pulmonary vascular diseases; and
investigation of pulmonary abnormalities in patients who should not be exposed
to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Hochhegger
- PhD, Associate Professor, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Marchiori
- PhD, Full Professor Emeritus, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Klaus Loureiro Irion
- PhD, Consultant Radiologist, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Arthur Soares Souza
- PhD, Professor, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (Famerp), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Elias Junior
- PhD, Associate Professor, Centro de Ciências das Imagens e Física Médica (CCIFM) - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana Souza Rodrigues
- PhD, Professor, Program of Post-graduation in Radiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Miriam Menna Barreto
- PhD, Professor, Program of Post-graduation in Radiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dante Luiz Escuissato
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Medical Practice, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Duarte Guimarães
- PhD, Professor, Program of Post-graduation stricto sensu, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Schuler Nin
- MD, Resident in Radiology and Imaging Diagnosis, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcel Koenigkam Santos
- PhD, Attending Physician at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Pereira E Silva
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine and Diagnostic Support, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
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19
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Sun X, Shao K, Wang T. Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from exhaled breath as noninvasive methods for cancer diagnosis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:2759-80. [PMID: 26677028 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The detection of cancer at an early stage is often significant in the successful treatment of the disease. Tumor cells have been reported to generate unique cancer volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles which can reflect the disease conditions. The detection and analysis of VOC biomarkers from exhaled breath has been recognized as a new frontier in cancer diagnostics and health inspections owing to its potential in developing rapid, noninvasive, and inexpensive cancer screening tools. To detect specific VOCs of low concentrations from exhaled breath, and to enhance the accuracy of early diagnosis, many breath collection and analysis approaches have been developed. This paper will summarize and critically review the exhaled-breath VOC-related sampling, collection, detection, and analytical methods, especially the recent development in VOC sensors. VOC sensors are commonly inexpensive, portable, programmable, easy to use, and can obtain data in real time with high sensitivities. Therefore, many sensor-based VOC detection techniques have huge potential in clinical point-of-care use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Sun
- Institute of New Energy, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kang Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital & Institute, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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20
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Guimaraes MD, Hochhegger B, Santos MK, Santana PRP, Sousa AS, Souza LS, Marchiori E. Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest in the evaluation of cancer patients: state of the art. Radiol Bras 2015. [PMID: 25798006 PMCID: PMC4366027 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2013.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has several advantages in the evaluation of cancer
patients with thoracic lesions, including involvement of the chest wall, pleura,
lungs, mediastinum, esophagus and heart. It is a quite useful tool in the diagnosis,
staging, surgical planning, treatment response evaluation and follow-up of these
patients. In the present review, the authors contextualize the relevance of MRI in
the evaluation of thoracic lesions in cancer patients. Considering that MRI is a
widely available method with high contrast and spatial resolution and without the
risks associated with the use of ionizing radiation, its use combined with new
techniques such as cine-MRI and functional methods such as perfusion- and
diffusion-weighted imaging may be useful as an alternative tool with performance
comparable or complementary to conventional radiological methods such as radiography,
computed tomography and PET/CT imaging in the evaluation of patients with thoracic
neoplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Duarte Guimaraes
- PhD, Radiologist, Specialist in Internal Medicine, Responsible for Chest Imaging Units at Hospital Heliópolis and A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Hochhegger
- PhD, Associate Professor at Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcel Koenigkam Santos
- PhD, Radiologist at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pablo Rydz Pinheiro Santana
- MD, Member of Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem (CBR), Thoracic Radiologist at Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Soares Sousa
- PhD, Professor and Post-graduation Advisor, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (Famerp), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Soares Souza
- MD, Radiologist, Faculdade de Medicina São José do Rio Preto (Famerp), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Marchiori
- PhD, Adjunct Coordinator of Post-Graduation, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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21
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Huellner MW, de Galiza Barbosa F, Husmann L, Pietsch CM, Mader CE, Burger IA, Stolzmann P, Delso G, Frauenfelder T, von Schulthess GK, Veit-Haibach P. TNM Staging of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Comparison of PET/MR and PET/CT. J Nucl Med 2015; 57:21-6. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.162040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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22
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Bashir U, Mallia A, Stirling J, Joemon J, MacKewn J, Charles-Edwards G, Goh V, Cook GJ. PET/MRI in Oncological Imaging: State of the Art. Diagnostics (Basel) 2015; 5:333-57. [PMID: 26854157 PMCID: PMC4665605 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics5030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a hybrid technology which has recently gained interest as a potential cancer imaging tool. Compared with CT, MRI is advantageous due to its lack of ionizing radiation, superior soft-tissue contrast resolution, and wider range of acquisition sequences. Several studies have shown PET/MRI to be equivalent to PET/CT in most oncological applications, possibly superior in certain body parts, e.g., head and neck, pelvis, and in certain situations, e.g., cancer recurrence. This review will update the readers on recent advances in PET/MRI technology and review key literature, while highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of PET/MRI in cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Bashir
- Cancer Imaging Department, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Andrew Mallia
- Cancer Imaging Department, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - James Stirling
- Cancer Imaging Department, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
- PET Imaging Centre and the Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - John Joemon
- PET Imaging Centre and the Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Jane MacKewn
- PET Imaging Centre and the Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Geoff Charles-Edwards
- Cancer Imaging Department, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
- Medical Physics, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Vicky Goh
- Cancer Imaging Department, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
- Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Gary J Cook
- Cancer Imaging Department, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
- PET Imaging Centre and the Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Hochhegger
- Professor of Radiology at Universidade Federal de Ciências da
Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) and at Pontifícia Universidade
Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC/ RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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24
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Advances in electronic-nose technologies for the detection of volatile biomarker metabolites in the human breath. Metabolites 2015; 5:140-63. [PMID: 25738426 PMCID: PMC4381294 DOI: 10.3390/metabo5010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the use of electronic-nose (e-nose) devices to analyze human breath profiles for the presence of specific volatile metabolites, known as biomarkers or chemical bio-indicators of specific human diseases, metabolic disorders and the overall health status of individuals, are providing the potential for new noninvasive tools and techniques useful to point-of-care clinical disease diagnoses. This exciting new area of electronic disease detection and diagnosis promises to yield much faster and earlier detection of human diseases and disorders, allowing earlier, more effective treatments, resulting in more rapid patient recovery from various afflictions. E-nose devices are particularly suited for the field of disease diagnostics, because they are sensitive to a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and can effectively distinguish between different complex gaseous mixtures via analysis of electronic aroma sensor-array output profiles of volatile metabolites present in the human breath. This review provides a summary of some recent developments of electronic-nose technologies, particularly involving breath analysis, with the potential for providing many new diagnostic applications for the detection of specific human diseases associated with different organs in the body, detectable from e-nose analyses of aberrant disease-associated VOCs present in air expired from the lungs.
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25
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Kaza E, Symonds-Tayler R, Collins DJ, McDonald F, McNair HA, Scurr E, Koh DM, Leach MO. First MRI application of an active breathing coordinator. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:1681-96. [PMID: 25633183 PMCID: PMC5390947 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/4/1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A commercial active breathing coordinator (ABC) device, employed to hold respiration at a specific level for a predefined duration, was successfully adapted for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use for the first time. Potential effects of the necessary modifications were assessed and taken into account. Automatic MR acquisition during ABC breath holding was achieved. The feasibility of MR-ABC thoracic and abdominal examinations together with the advantages of imaging in repeated ABC-controlled breath holds were demonstrated on healthy volunteers. Five lung cancer patients were imaged under MR-ABC, visually confirming the very good intra-session reproducibility of organ position in images acquired with the same patient positioning as used for computed tomography (CT). Using identical ABC settings, good MR-CT inter-modality registration was achieved. This demonstrates the value of ABC, since application of T1, T2 and diffusion weighted MR sequences provides a wider range of contrast mechanisms and additional diagnostic information compared to CT, thus improving radiotherapy treatment planning and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kaza
- CR-UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Symonds-Tayler
- CR-UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - D J Collins
- CR-UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - F McDonald
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - H A McNair
- Department of Radiotherapy, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - E Scurr
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - D-M Koh
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M O Leach
- CR-UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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26
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Hu Z, Yang W, Liu H, Wang K, Bao C, Song T, Wang J, Tian J. From PET/CT to PET/MRI: advances in instrumentation and clinical applications. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3798-809. [PMID: 25058336 DOI: 10.1021/mp500321h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality imaging of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) provides both metabolic information and the anatomic structure, which is significantly superior to either PET or CT alone and has greatly improved its clinical applications. Because of the higher soft-tissue contrast of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and no extra ionizing radiation, PET/MRI imaging is the hottest topic currently. PET/MRI is swiftly making its way into clinical practice. However, it has many technical difficulties to overcome, such as photomultiplier tubes, which cannot work properly in a magnetic field, and the inability to provide density information on the object for attenuation correction. This paper introduces the technique process of PET/MRI and summarizes its clinical applications, including imaging in oncology, neurology, and cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Hu
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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27
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Advanced imaging (positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) and image-guided biopsy in initial staging and monitoring of therapy of lung cancer. Cancer J 2013; 19:208-16. [PMID: 23708067 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0b013e318295185f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The results of the National Lung Screening Trial strongly support early detection and definitive treatment to reduce lung cancer mortality. Once lung cancer is discovered, accurate staging at baseline is imperative to maximize patient benefit and cost-effective use of health care resources. Although computed tomography (CT) remains a powerful tool for staging of lung cancer, advances in other imaging modalities, specifically positron emission tomography/CT and magnetic resonance imaging, can improve baseline staging over CT alone and can allow a more rapid and accurate assessment of response to treatment. Although noninvasive imaging is extremely useful, tissue diagnosis remains the criterion standard for staging lung cancer and monitoring treatment response. Accordingly, tissue sampling using advanced bronchoscopic imaging guidance, such as ultrasound or electromagnetic navigation, allows precise tissue location and sampling of mediastinal nodes or lung nodules in the least invasive manner. In the future, bronchoscopy may allow real-time microscopic analysis.
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28
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Haick H, Broza YY, Mochalski P, Ruzsanyi V, Amann A. Assessment, origin, and implementation of breath volatile cancer markers. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:1423-49. [PMID: 24305596 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60329f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new non-invasive and potentially inexpensive frontier in the diagnosis of cancer relies on the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath samples. Breath can be sampled and analyzed in real-time, leading to fascinating and cost-effective clinical diagnostic procedures. Nevertheless, breath analysis is a very young field of research and faces challenges, mainly because the biochemical mechanisms behind the cancer-related VOCs are largely unknown. In this review, we present a list of 115 validated cancer-related VOCs published in the literature during the past decade, and classify them with respect to their "fat-to-blood" and "blood-to-air" partition coefficients. These partition coefficients provide an estimation of the relative concentrations of VOCs in alveolar breath, in blood and in the fat compartments of the human body. Additionally, we try to clarify controversial issues concerning possible experimental malpractice in the field, and propose ways to translate the basic science results as well as the mechanistic understanding to tools (sensors) that could serve as point-of-care diagnostics of cancer. We end this review with a conclusion and a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Haick
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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29
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Harders SW, Balyasnikowa S, Fischer BM. Functional imaging in lung cancer. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2013; 34:340-55. [PMID: 24289258 PMCID: PMC4413794 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer represents an increasingly frequent cancer diagnosis worldwide. An increasing awareness on smoking cessation as an important mean to reduce lung cancer incidence and mortality, an increasing number of therapy options and a steady focus on early diagnosis and adequate staging have resulted in a modestly improved survival. For early diagnosis and precise staging, imaging, especially positron emission tomography combined with CT (PET/CT), plays an important role. Other functional imaging modalities such as dynamic contrast-enhanced CT (DCE-CT) and diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DW-MRI) have demonstrated promising results within this field. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a brief and balanced introduction to these three functional imaging modalities and their current or potential application in the care of patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Harders
- Deparment of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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30
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Barreto MM, Rafful PP, Rodrigues RS, Zanetti G, Hochhegger B, Souza AS, Guimarães MD, Marchiori E. Correlation between computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings of parenchymal lung diseases. Eur J Radiol 2013; 82:e492-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Imai K, Minamiya Y, Saito H, Motoyama S, Sato Y, Ito A, Yoshino K, Kudo S, Takashima S, Kawaharada Y, Kurihara N, Orino K, Ogawa JI. Diagnostic imaging in the preoperative management of lung cancer. Surg Today 2013; 44:1197-206. [PMID: 23838838 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-013-0660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Surgical resection is the accepted standard of care for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several imaging modalities play central roles in the detection and staging of the disease. The aim of this review is to evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/CT for NSCLC staging. Radiographic staging refers to the use of CT as a non-invasive diagnostic technique. However, while the vast majority of patients undergo only CT, CT is a notoriously inaccurate means of tumor and nodal staging in many situations. PET/CT clearly improves the staging, particularly nodal staging, compared to CT or PET alone. In addition, as a result of the increased soft-tissue contrast, MRI is superior to CT for distinguishing between tissue characteristics. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), which is a minimally invasive technique, also has pathological diagnostic potential. Extensive research and the resultant improvements in the understanding of genetics, histology, molecular biology and oncology are transforming our understanding of lung cancer, and it is clear that imaging modalities such as CT, MRI, PET and PET/CT will have an important role in its preoperative management. However, thoracic surgeons should also be aware of the limitations of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Imai
- Department of Chest (& Endocrinological) Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan,
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MRI-guided biopsy: a valuable procedure alternative to avoid the risks of ionizing radiation from diagnostic imaging methods. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2013; 37:858-60. [PMID: 23811807 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-013-0677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Reply: To PMID 22733932. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013; 200:W541. [PMID: 23617530 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.10142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Magnetic resonance in N staging of lung cancer. Eur J Radiol 2013; 82:193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Paul NS, Ley S, Metser U. Optimal imaging protocols for lung cancer staging: CT, PET, MR imaging, and the role of imaging. Radiol Clin North Am 2012; 50:935-49. [PMID: 22974779 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chest radiography, the most commonly performed imaging technique for the detection of lung disease, is limited in accurately detecting early lung cancer. The main imaging modality for the staging of lung cancer is computed tomography (CT), supplemented by positron emission tomography (PET), usually as a hybrid technique in conjunction with CT (PET/CT). Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a useful diagnostic tool for specific indications and has the advantage of not using ionizing radiation. This article discusses the optimal imaging protocols for lung cancer staging using CT, PET (PET/CT), and MR imaging, and the role of imaging in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narinder S Paul
- Division of Cardiothoracic Radiology, University Health Network, Mount Sinai and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Chemical-shift MRI of pulmonary hamartomas: initial experience using a modified technique to assess nodule fat. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012; 199:W331-4. [PMID: 22915423 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.11.8056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to show the usefulness of chemical-shift MRI in the diagnosis of intranodular fat in seven patients with pulmonary hamartomas and indeterminate CT findings. CONCLUSION In the setting of chemical-shift MRI, the average nodule signal intensity index of pulmonary hamartomas was 45.3% (SD = 25.5%). The correlation between average nodule signal intensity and CT attenuation in Hounsfield units was -0.94. Chemical-shift MRI could be an important tool for the detection of fat in pulmonary hamartomas with inconclusive CT findings.
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Abstract
This review provides an overview of the current status of the published data on diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of chest tumors. Diffusion MR imaging is a non-invasive imaging technique that measures the differences in water mobility in different tissue microstructures and quantifies them based on the apparent diffusion coefficient. Diffusion MR imaging has been used for the characterization, grading and staging of lung cancer as well as for differentiating central tumors from post-obstructive consolidation. In addition, this technique helps in differentiating malignant from benign pulmonary and mediastinal tumors as well as in the characterization of pleural mesothelioma and effusion. Diffusion MR imaging can be incorporated into routine morphological MR imaging to improve radiologist confidence in image interpretation and to provide functional assessments of chest tumors during the same examination. Diffusion MR imaging could be used in the future as a functional imaging technique for tumors of the chest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A K Abdel Razek
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Balyasnikova S, Löfgren J, de Nijs R, Zamogilnaya Y, Højgaard L, Fischer BM. PET/MR in oncology: an introduction with focus on MR and future perspectives for hybrid imaging. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 2:458-474. [PMID: 23145362 PMCID: PMC3484424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
After more than 20 years of research, a fully integrated PET/MR scanner was launched in 2010 enabling simultaneous acquisition of PET and MR imaging. Currently, no clinical indication for combined PET/MR has been established, however the expectations are high. In this paper we will discuss some of the challenges inherent in this new technology, but focus on potential applications for simultaneous PET/MR in the field of oncology. Methods and tracers for use with the PET technology will be familiar to most readers of this journal; thus this paper aims to provide a short and basic introduction to a number of different MRI techniques, such as DWI-MR (diffusion weighted imaging MR), DCE-MR (dynamic contrast enhanced MR), MRS (MR spectroscopy) and MR for attenuation correction of PET. All MR techniques presented in this paper have shown promising results in the treatment of patients with solid tumors and could be applied together with PET increasing the amount of information about the tissues of interest. The potential clinical benefit of applying PET/MR in staging, radiotherapy planning and treatment evaluation in oncology, as well as the research perspectives for the use of PET/MR in the development of new tracers and drugs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Balyasnikova
- Department of Radiology, The N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences 24, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia
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Hakim M, Broza YY, Barash O, Peled N, Phillips M, Amann A, Haick H. Volatile organic compounds of lung cancer and possible biochemical pathways. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5949-66. [PMID: 22991938 DOI: 10.1021/cr300174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meggie Hakim
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Olson JD, Walb MC, Moore JE, Attia A, Sawyer HL, McBride JE, Wheeler KT, Miller MS, Munley MT. A gated-7T MRI technique for tracking lung tumor development and progression in mice after exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. Radiat Res 2012; 178:321-7. [PMID: 22950352 DOI: 10.1667/rr2800.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A gated-7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) application is described that can accurately and efficiently measure the size of in vivo mouse lung tumors from ∼0.1 mm(3) to >4 mm(3). This MRI approach fills a void in radiation research because the technique can be used to noninvasively measure the growth rate of lung tumors in large numbers of mice that have been irradiated with low doses (<50 mGy) without the additional radiation exposure associated with planar X ray, CT or PET imaging. High quality, high resolution, reproducible images of the mouse thorax were obtained in ∼20 min using: (1) a Bruker 7T micro-MRI scanner equipped with a 60 mm inner diameter gradient insert capable of generating a maximum gradient of 1000 mT/m; (2) a 35 mm inner diameter quadrature radiofrequency volume coil; and (3) an electrocardiogram and respiratory gated Fast Low Angle Shot (FLASH) pulse sequence. The images had an in-plane image resolution of 98 μm and a 0.5 mm slice thickness. Tumor diameter measured by MRI was highly correlated (R(2) = 0.97) with the tumor diameter measured by electronic calipers. Data generated with an initiation/promotion mouse model of lung carcinogenesis and this MRI technique demonstrated that mice exposed to 4 weekly fractions of 10, 30 or 50 mGy of CT radiation had the same lung tumor growth rate as that measured in sham-irradiated mice. In summary, this high-field, double-gated MRI approach is an efficient way of quantitatively tracking lung tumor development and progression after exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Olson
- Center for Biomolecular Imaging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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Mazzei MA, Zompatori M, Volterrani L. Response to letter to the editor. Eur J Radiol 2012; 82:194. [PMID: 22326766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schwartsmann G. Lung cancer in Brazil. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2012:426-31. [PMID: 24451775 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2012.32.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is now the second leading cause of death in Brazil (after cardiovascular diseases) and a public health problem, with around 500,000 new cases in 2012. Excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer, lung cancer is the second most incident cancer type in men, with 17,210 expected new cases. In women, it is the fifth most incident cancer, with 10,110 expected new cases. The estimated age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rate is about 13/100,000 for men and 5.4/100,000 for women. Lung cancer rates in men increased until the early 1990s and decreased thereafter, especially in the younger population. In contrast, a steady upward trend was observed for women. The positive effects in men were probably due to the successful anti-tobacco campaign conducted in Brazil over the last decades, which led to a decrease in the adult smoking population, from 32% in the early 1980s to 17% in the 2000s. Although the Brazilian National Cancer Institute is strongly committed to providing excellence in multimodality care to cancer patients, limitations in availability and adequate geographic distribution of specialists and well-equipped cancer centers are evident. Major disparities in patient access to proper staging and state-of-the-art treatment still exist. Considering that World Health Organization (WHO) officials estimate that cancer will become the number one cause of death in most developing countries, including Brazil, in the next decades, it is highly recommended for government authorities to implement firm actions to face this tremendous challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Schwartsmann
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and South-American Office for Anticancer Drug Development, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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