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Gili T, Di Carlo G, Capuani S, Auconi P, Caldarelli G, Polimeni A. Complexity and data mining in dental research: A network medicine perspective on interceptive orthodontics. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 24 Suppl 2:16-25. [PMID: 34519158 PMCID: PMC9292769 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Procedures and models of computerized data analysis are becoming researchers' and practitioners' thinking partners by transforming the reasoning underlying biomedicine. Complexity theory, Network analysis and Artificial Intelligence are already approaching this discipline, intending to provide support for patient's diagnosis, prognosis and treatments. At the same time, due to the sparsity, noisiness and time-dependency of medical data, such procedures are raising many unprecedented problems related to the mismatch between the human mind's reasoning and the outputs of computational models. Thanks to these computational, non-anthropocentric models, a patient's clinical situation can be elucidated in the orthodontic discipline, and the growth outcome can be approximated. However, to have confidence in these procedures, orthodontists should be warned of the related benefits and risks. Here we want to present how these innovative approaches can derive better patients' characterization, also offering a different point of view about patient's classification, prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Gili
- Networks UnitIMT School for Advanced Studies LuccaLuccaItaly
- CNR‐ISC Unità SapienzaRomeItaly
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department of Oral and Maxillo‐Facial SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Guido Caldarelli
- CNR‐ISC Unità SapienzaRomeItaly
- Department of Molecular Sciences and NanosystemsCa’Foscari University of VeniceVenezia MestreItaly
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo‐Facial SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Arakawa M, Kitahara T, Inadomi D, Iikubo M, Hyakutake H, Yuasa K, Takahashi I. Molecular imaging in masseter muscle observed by muscle function magnetic resonance imaging and 31 P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with a jaw deformity. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 8:231-238. [PMID: 34623750 PMCID: PMC8874048 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal mandibular protrusion would influence to the muscle fatigue of the masticatory muscles. Establishing a diagnostic procedures combining physiological and biochemical information is necessary for quantitative evaluation of masticatory muscle fatigue. Objective The transverse relaxation time (T2 time) of muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI), and 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were used to investigate the reliability as parameters for measuring the masseter muscle in patients with skeletal mandibular prognathism. Method The subjects were 19 patients diagnosed as skeletal mandibular protrusions and 19 healthy subjects as a control group. Transverse relaxation time (T2 value) determined by mfMRI along with creatine phosphate (PCr) and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) determined by 31P‐MRS before, during, and after clenching were used for molecular imaging of muscle fatigue. Results The average T2 value of the patient group was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group at rest. Furthermore, the average T2 value transiently increased in both groups during experimental clenching. The PCr and Pi showed a tendency toward a transient decrease and increases, respectively. The pH in the masseter muscle showed a transient decrease in both groups prior to and following experimental clenching. The pH in the masseter muscle of the patient group was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group at rest and recovery. Conclusion We showed mfMRI and 31P‐MRS are useful for evaluating masseter fatigue during clenching, and the masseter muscle in the prognathic patients showed more severe fatigue than the healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Arakawa
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Kitahara
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inadomi
- Radiology Center, Fukuoka Dental College Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iikubo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hyakutake
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Yuasa
- Section of Image Diagnosis, Department of Diagnostics and General Care, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Chatterjee A, Bourne RM, Wang S, Devaraj A, Gallan AJ, Antic T, Karczmar GS, Oto A. Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer with Noninvasive Estimation of Prostate Tissue Composition by Using Hybrid Multidimensional MR Imaging: A Feasibility Study. Radiology 2018; 287:864-873. [PMID: 29393821 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018171130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate whether compartmental analysis by using hybrid multidimensional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be used to diagnose prostate cancer and determine its aggressiveness. Materials and Methods Twenty-two patients with prostate cancer underwent preoperative 3.0-T MR imaging. Axial images were obtained with hybrid multidimensional MR imaging by using all combinations of echo times (47, 75, 100 msec) and b values of 0, 750, 1500 sec/mm2, resulting in a 3 × 3 array of data associated with each voxel. Volumes of the tissue components stroma, epithelium, and lumen were calculated by fitting the hybrid data to a three-compartment signal model, with distinct, paired apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 values associated with each compartment. Volume fractions and conventional ADC and T2 were measured for regions of interest in sites of prostatectomy-verified malignancy (n = 28) and normal tissue (n = 71). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the performance of various parameters in differentiating prostate cancer from benign tissue. Results Compared with normal tissue, prostate cancer showed significantly increased fractional volumes of epithelium (23.2% ± 7.1 vs 48.8% ± 9.2, respectively) and reduced fractional volumes of lumen (26.4% ± 14.1 vs 14.0% ± 5.2) and stroma (50.5% ± 15.7 vs 37.2% ± 9.1) by using hybrid multidimensional MR imaging. The fractional volumes of tissue components show a significantly higher Spearman correlation coefficient with Gleason score (epithelium: ρ = 0.652, P = .0001; stroma: ρ = -0.439, P = .020; lumen: ρ = -0.390, P = .040) compared with traditional T2 values (ρ = -0.292, P = .132) and ADCs (ρ = -0.315, P = .102). The area under the ROC curve for differentiation of cancer from normal prostate was highest for fractional volume of epithelium (0.991), followed by fractional volumes of lumen (0.800) and stroma (0.789). Conclusion Fractional volumes of prostatic lumen, stroma, and epithelium change significantly when cancer is present. These parameters can be measured noninvasively by using hybrid multidimensional MR imaging and have the potential to improve the diagnosis of prostate cancer and determine its aggressiveness. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritrick Chatterjee
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., S.W., G.S.K., A.O.) and Pathology (A.J.G., T.A.), University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.M.B.); and Philips Research North America, Cambridge, Mass (A.D.)
| | - Roger M Bourne
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., S.W., G.S.K., A.O.) and Pathology (A.J.G., T.A.), University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.M.B.); and Philips Research North America, Cambridge, Mass (A.D.)
| | - Shiyang Wang
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., S.W., G.S.K., A.O.) and Pathology (A.J.G., T.A.), University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.M.B.); and Philips Research North America, Cambridge, Mass (A.D.)
| | - Ajit Devaraj
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., S.W., G.S.K., A.O.) and Pathology (A.J.G., T.A.), University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.M.B.); and Philips Research North America, Cambridge, Mass (A.D.)
| | - Alexander J Gallan
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., S.W., G.S.K., A.O.) and Pathology (A.J.G., T.A.), University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.M.B.); and Philips Research North America, Cambridge, Mass (A.D.)
| | - Tatjana Antic
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., S.W., G.S.K., A.O.) and Pathology (A.J.G., T.A.), University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.M.B.); and Philips Research North America, Cambridge, Mass (A.D.)
| | - Gregory S Karczmar
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., S.W., G.S.K., A.O.) and Pathology (A.J.G., T.A.), University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.M.B.); and Philips Research North America, Cambridge, Mass (A.D.)
| | - Aytekin Oto
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., S.W., G.S.K., A.O.) and Pathology (A.J.G., T.A.), University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.M.B.); and Philips Research North America, Cambridge, Mass (A.D.)
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Shiraishi T, Chikui T, Inadomi D, Kagawa T, Yoshiura K, Yuasa K. Evaluation of diffusion parameters and T2 values of the masseter muscle during jaw opening, clenching, and rest. Acta Radiol 2012; 53:81-6. [PMID: 22156008 DOI: 10.1258/ar.2011.110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to evaluate changes that accompany skeletal muscle contraction. PURPOSE To investigate whether jaw opening or closure affect the diffusion parameters of the masseter muscles (MMs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Eleven healthy volunteers were evaluated. Diffusion-tensor images were acquired to obtain the primary (λ(1)), secondary (λ(2)), and tertiary eigenvalues (λ(3)). We estimated these parameters at three different locations: at the level of the mandibular notch for the superior site, the level of the mandibular foramen for the middle site, and the root apex of the mandibular molars for the inferior site. RESULTS Both λ(2) and λ(3) during jaw opening were significantly lower than that at rest at the superior (P = 0.006, P < 0.0001, respectively) and middle site (P = 0.004, P = 0.0001, respectively); however, the change in λ(1) was not significant. At the lower site, no parameter was significantly different at rest and during jaw opening. There was no significant difference in T2 between at rest (40.3 ± 4.4 ms) and during jaw opening (39.2 ± 2.7 ms; P = 0.12). The changes induced by jaw closure were marked at the inferior site. In the middle and inferior sites, the three eigenvalues were increased by jaw closure, and the changes in λ(1) (P = 0.0145, P = 0.0107, respectively) and λ(2) (P = 0.0003, P = 0.0001) were significant (especially λ(2)). CONCLUSION The eigenvalues for diffusion of the MM were sensitive to jaw position. The recruitment of muscle fibers, specific to jaw position, reflects the differences in changes in muscle diffusion parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Shiraishi
- Section of Image Diagnosis, Department of Diagnostics and General Care, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka
| | - Toru Chikui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Daisuke Inadomi
- Department of Radiology, Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Kagawa
- Section of Image Diagnosis, Department of Diagnostics and General Care, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka
| | - Kazunori Yoshiura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Kenji Yuasa
- Section of Image Diagnosis, Department of Diagnostics and General Care, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka
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