Extrapulmonary complications of bone marrow transplantation

Prolonged Intestinal Mucosal Barium Coating due to Ischemic Necrosis

A case of a 63-year-old man with small bowel ischemia six weeks after transplantation surgery is presented. Plain abdominal radiograph obtained several days after ingestion of barium shows the sign of prolonged barium coating indicating severe mucosal damage. Abdominal CT scan demonstrates small bowel wall thickening as well as pockets of peritoneal fluid collections. Most critically, CT allows visualization of subtle traces of dense barium within the dependent portions of this fluid indicating bowel perforation.

CT-analysis of the course of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease--patterns of involvement

OBJECTIVE

To describe the main patterns of distribution of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and their chronological course.

METHODS

Twenty-five adult patients (17 men, 8 women, mean age 47 years) were enrolled from 11/2003 to 11/2007. All patients underwent abdominopelvic CT shortly after onset of GVHD-related symptoms and also at follow up. The mean number of CT examinations per patient was 3.2±2.7 with a total of 81 in a median time period of 97 days after HCT. The gastrointestinal tract was divided into 7 segments. Gastrointestinal abnormalities were defined as follows: presence of wall thickening (>4mm), increased mucosal enhancement, bowel dilatation (>3 cm for the small bowel, >8 cm for the colon), fluid-filled loops of the bowel, bowel loop separation and double-halo sign.

RESULTS

40% (10/25) of the patients presented a classical pattern of evolution of involved segments by GI-GVHD. In these cases, especially the small bowel was initially involved showing a retreat with time towards the terminal ileum with longer length of stay in this location. 28% (7/25) of the patients presented with a nonclassical permanently migratory involvement of the GI jumping from one GI segment to another. Other 32% (8/25) of our patients revealed a nonclassical persistent, unchanged involvement pattern of GI involvement by GVHD at time.

CONCLUSION

Contrary to existing reports, our data collected in 25 patients diagnosed with GI-GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation suggest the presence of three different courses (classical, nonclassical migratory and nonclassical persistent) of this disorder. Awareness of this knowledge enables more accurate risk stratification.