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Liu D, Geiselman GM, Coradetti S, Cheng YF, Kirby J, Prahl JP, Jacobson O, Sundstrom ER, Tanjore D, Skerker JM, Gladden J. Exploiting nonionic surfactants to enhance fatty alcohol production in Rhodosporidium toruloides. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1418-1425. [PMID: 31981215 PMCID: PMC7187362 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fatty alcohols (FOHs) are important feedstocks in the chemical industry to produce detergents, cosmetics, and lubricants. Microbial production of FOHs has become an attractive alternative to production in plants and animals due to growing energy demands and environmental concerns. However, inhibition of cell growth caused by intracellular FOH accumulation is one major issue that limits FOH titers in microbial hosts. In addition, identification of FOH‐specific exporters remains a challenge and previous studies towards this end are limited. To alleviate the toxicity issue, we exploited nonionic surfactants to promote the export of FOHs in Rhodosporidium toruloides, an oleaginous yeast that is considered an attractive next‐generation host for the production of fatty acid‐derived chemicals. Our results showed FOH export efficiency was dramatically improved and the growth inhibition was alleviated in the presence of small amounts of tergitol and other surfactants. As a result, FOH titers increase by 4.3‐fold at bench scale to 352.6 mg/L. With further process optimization in a 2‐L bioreactor, the titer was further increased to 1.6 g/L. The method we show here can potentially be applied to other microbial hosts and may facilitate the commercialization of microbial FOH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California.,Department of Energy, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, California
| | - Gina M Geiselman
- Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California.,Department of Energy, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, California
| | - Samuel Coradetti
- Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California.,Department of Energy, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, California
| | - Ya-Fang Cheng
- QB3-Berkeley, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - James Kirby
- Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California.,Department of Energy, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, California
| | - Jan-Philip Prahl
- Department of Energy, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, California.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.,Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California
| | - Oslo Jacobson
- Department of Energy, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, California.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.,Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California
| | - Eric R Sundstrom
- Department of Energy, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, California.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.,Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California
| | - Deepti Tanjore
- Department of Energy, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, California.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.,Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California
| | | | - John Gladden
- Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California.,Department of Energy, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, California.,Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California
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Isoprenoid-Based Biofuels: Homologous Expression and Heterologous Expression in Prokaryotes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5730-40. [PMID: 27422837 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01192-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enthusiasm for mining advanced biofuels from microbial hosts has increased remarkably in recent years. Isoprenoids are one of the highly diverse groups of secondary metabolites and are foreseen as an alternative to petroleum-based fuels. Most of the prokaryotes synthesize their isoprenoid backbone via the deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate pathway from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate, whereas eukaryotes synthesize isoprenoids via the mevalonate pathway from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Microorganisms do not accumulate isoprenoids in large quantities naturally, which restricts their application for fuel purposes. Various metabolic engineering efforts have been utilized to overcome the limitations associated with their natural and nonnatural production. The introduction of heterologous pathways/genes and overexpression of endogenous/homologous genes have shown a remarkable increase in isoprenoid yield and substrate utilization in microbial hosts. Such modifications in the hosts' genomes have enabled researchers to develop commercially competent microbial strains for isoprenoid-based biofuel production utilizing a vast array of substrates. The present minireview briefly discusses the recent advancement in metabolic engineering efforts in prokaryotic hosts for the production of isoprenoid-based biofuels, with an emphasis on endogenous, homologous, and heterologous expression strategies.
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Gupta P, Phulara SC. Metabolic engineering for isoprenoid-based biofuel production. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:605-19. [PMID: 26095690 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable economic and industrial growth is the need of the hour and it requires renewable energy resources having better performance and compatibility with existing fuel infrastructure from biological routes. Isoprenoids (C ≥ 5) can be a potential alternative due to their diverse nature and physiochemical properties similar to that of petroleum based fuels. In the past decade, extensive research has been done to utilize metabolic engineering strategies in micro-organisms primarily, (i) to overcome the limitations associated with their natural and non-natural production and (ii) to develop commercially competent microbial strain for isoprenoid-based biofuel production. This review briefly describes the engineered isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways in well-characterized microbial systems for the production of several isoprenoid-based biofuels and fuel precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gupta
- National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - S C Phulara
- National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Cordeiro RA, Teixeira CEC, Brilhante RSN, Castelo-Branco DSCM, Paiva MAN, Giffoni Leite JJ, Lima DT, Monteiro AJ, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of amphotericin B, azoles and caspofungin againstCandidaspecies are reduced by farnesol. Med Mycol 2013; 51:53-9. [DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.692489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wang C, Yoon SH, Shah AA, Chung YR, Kim JY, Choi ES, Keasling JD, Kim SW. Farnesol production from Escherichia coli by harnessing the exogenous mevalonate pathway. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:421-9. [PMID: 20552672 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Farnesol (FOH) production has been carried out in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. FOH is formed through the depyrophosphorylation of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), which is synthesized from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) by FPP synthase. In order to increase FPP synthesis, E. coli was metabolically engineered to overexpress ispA and to utilize the foreign mevalonate (MVA) pathway for the efficient synthesis of IPP and DMAPP. Two-phase culture using a decane overlay of the culture broth was applied to reduce volatile loss of FOH produced during culture and to extract FOH from the culture broth. A FOH production of 135.5 mg/L was obtained from the recombinant E. coli harboring the pTispA and pSNA plasmids for ispA overexpression and MVA pathway utilization, respectively. It is interesting to observe that a large amount of FOH could be produced from E. coli without FOH synthase by the augmentation of FPP synthesis. Introduction of the exogenous MVA pathway enabled the dramatic production of FOH by E. coli while no detectable FOH production was observed in the endogenous MEP pathway-only control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglong Wang
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Program), EB-NCRC and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
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Langford ML, Atkin AL, Nickerson KW. Cellular interactions of farnesol, a quorum-sensing molecule produced by Candida albicans. Future Microbiol 2010; 4:1353-62. [PMID: 19995193 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesol is a quorum-sensing molecule produced by Candida albicans that has many effects, including filament inhibition of this polymorphic fungus. In the past 9 years, the effect of farnesol on C. albicans has been reported in nearly 160 publications, with early work examining its influence on morphology. This article presents an update on the literature published since 2006, focusing on points that still need to be resolved as well as identifying possible artifacts that might interfere with this goal. In addition, the regulation of C. albicans farnesol production, C. albicans' resistance/sensitivity to farnesol and the influence of farnesol on other species as well as the host are discussed. It is intriguing that we still do not know precisely how farnesol works, but interference with the Ras1-cAMP pathway is part of the story.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Langford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0666, USA.
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