Evaluation of Adenosine Triphosphate-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 (ABCA1) R219K and C-Reactive Protein Gene (CRP) +1059G/C Gene Polymorphisms in Susceptibility to Coronary Heart Disease

Effects of ABCA1 gene polymorphisms on risk factors, susceptibility and severity of coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND

The relationships between the rs1800976, rs4149313 and rs2230806 polymorphisms in ATP binding cassette protein A1 and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) remain unclear.

METHODS

Four hundred and forty-two patients with CAD and 217 CAD-free subjects were enrolled in this study. The rs1800976, rs4149313 and rs2230806 polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. Severity of CAD was evaluated by Gensini score system, number of stenotic coronary vessels and extent of coronary stenosis.

RESULTS

C allele of the rs1800976 polymorphism, G allele of the rs4149313 polymorphism and A allele of the rs2230806 polymorphism were found to be risk alleles for CAD (p<0.05 for all). In patients with CAD, C allele of the rs1800976 polymorphism was associated with high levels of hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and cystatin c (CysC), and its frequency increased with percentiles of Gensini score, number of stenotic coronary vessels and extent of coronary stenosis (p<0.05 for all). The subjects with GA genotype of the rs4149313 polymorphism had higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B and hs-CRP than those with AA genotype (p<0.05 for all). The subjects with AA genotype of the rs2230806 polymorphism had higher levels of TC, LDL-C and uric acid than those with GA genotype (p<0.05 for all). No associations between the rs4149313 or rs2230806 polymorphism and severity of CAD were detected.

CONCLUSIONS

The rs1800976 polymorphism is significantly associated with the occurrence and severity of CAD, which is possibly mediated by hs-CRP and CysC.

Association of rs2230806 in ABCA1 with coronary artery disease: An updated meta-analysis based on 43 research studies

BACKGROUND

As a key gene in the reverse transport pathway of cholesterol, ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). In the ABCA1, rs2230806 is the most widely studied polymorphism and its role has been controversial.

METHODS

We performed an updated meta-analysis by searching online electronic databases using the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wan Fang databases before June 28, 2019. STATA12.0 software was used to perform a series of analyses on the data, including genetic effect model, heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias analysis.

RESULTS

Based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 43 articles including a total of 34,348 subjects (14,085 CAD cases and 20,263 healthy controls) were investigated. Results showed that carrying the K allele in rs223086 in the overall population significantly reduced the risk of CAD (OR = 0.745, 95% CI = 0.687-0.809, P < .001). After the ethnicity stratification analysis, the above phenomenon was found to be significant in Asian populations (OR = 0.686, 95% CI = 0.633-0.744, P < .001), marginally significant in Caucasians (OR = 0.887, 95% CI = 0.786-1.001, P = .051), and not significant in other populations (OR = 0.851, 95% CI = 0.558-1.297, P = .452). Further stratified according to the sample size in the Asian and Caucasian populations, in the Asian the K allele is more protective in small samples than large samples; however, in the Caucasian small samples carrying the K allele play a protective role while large samples are negative. In addition, according to the source of the control population and the geographical location in China, the results showed that rs2230806 was significantly associated with CAD in any group. Five genetic models (allelic, recessive, dominant, homozygote, and heterozygote) were analyzed in the above analysis.

CONCLUSION

The K allele of rs2230806 was significantly associated with decreased risk of CAD, especially in Asian populations and small sample Caucasians.

Associations of the ABCA1 gene polymorphisms with plasma lipid levels: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Studies on the associations of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 gene (ABCA1) rs2230806, rs2230808, and rs2066714 polymorphisms with plasma lipid levels have reported apparently conflicting findings. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the relationships between the 3 polymorphisms and fasting lipid levels.

METHODS

A comprehensive search of the literature was carried out by using the databases including Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP. The studies that presented mean lipids and standard deviations or standard errors according to the rs2230806, rs2230808, and/or rs2066714 genotypes were examined and included. The random effects model was used. Standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval were used to assess the differences in lipid levels between the genotypes. Heterogeneity among studies was tested by Cochran's χ-based Q-statistic, and Galbraith plots were used to detect the potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by Begg's rank correlation test as well as funnel plots.

RESULTS

Sixty-two studies (48,452 subjects), 12 studies (9853 subjects) and 14 studies (10,727 subjects) were identified for the rs2230806, rs2230808, and rs2066714 polymorphisms, respectively. A dominant model was used for all the polymorphisms in this meta-analysis. The A allele carriers of the rs2230806 polymorphism had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P <.001), and lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P =.03) and triglycerides (TG) (P <.01) than the non-carriers. The A allele carriers of the rs2230808 polymorphism had higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) (P <.001) than the non-carriers. The G allele carriers of the rs2066714 polymorphism had higher levels of TC (P <.01) and HDL-C (P = .02) than the non-carriers.

CONCLUSION

The ABCA1 rs2230806, rs2230808, and rs2066714 polymorphisms are significantly associated with plasma lipid levels in the present meta-analysis.

Expression of the Marburg I Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (MI-SNP) and the Marburg II Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (MII-SNP) of the Factor VII-Activating Protease (FSAP) Gene and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): A Pilot Study in a Single Population

Background

Factor VII-activating protease (FSAP) has a role in vascular inflammation and may have a role coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between two naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FSAP gene and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Material/Methods

Of 733 patients, 173 patients had symptoms of angina, and 560 patients had CAD confirmed by coronary angiography. All patients were genotyped for SNPs of the FSAP gene, Marburg I (MI-SNP) and Marburg II (MII-SNP), using 5′ exonuclease TaqMan assays. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between two gene polymorphisms, metabolic and other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CAD.

Results

The presence of MI-SNP and MII-SNP FSAP gene polymorphisms were not associated with the presence of CAD. However, the MII-SNP polymorphism was significantly associated with a reduced risk of developing CAD (OR=0.422; 95% CI, 0.194–0.920; P=0.035); the MI-SNP polymorphism was associated with absence of hyperlipoproteinemia (OR=0.601; 95% CI, 0.344–1.051; P=0.074). There was no significant association between expression of the MI-SNP and MII-SNP FSAP gene polymorphisms and the incidence of myocardial infarction, or of a history of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, obesity, or smoking.

Conclusions

The MI-SNP and MII-SNP FSAP gene polymorphisms were not predictive or prognostic biomarkers for CAD or its main risk factors. However, the presence of the MII-SNP polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of developing CAD.