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Xiong L, Lin K, He T, Liu X, Yuan R, Li X, Zhang J. A novel approach combining network pharmacology and experimental validation to study the protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 against cantharidin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:737-749. [PMID: 38477401 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) is a widely used anticancer compound, but its clinical use is mainly limited due to hepatotoxicity. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) shows potential hepatoprotective effects. Nonetheless, the protective effect and underlying mechanism of GRb1 against CTD-induced hepatotoxicity in mice have not been investigated. This study aims to elucidate the effect and mechanism of GRb1 on CTD-induced hepatotoxicity using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. Network pharmacology studies have shown that 263 targets were the main mechanisms by which GRb1 alleviates CTD-induced hepatotoxicity. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that 75 hub genes were mainly enriched in TNF, IL-17 and apoptosis signalling pathways. Molecular docking analysis showed that GRb1 exhibited high affinity with Akt1, Tnf, Il6, Bcl2 and Caspase3. In addition, results from animal studies demonstrated that GRb1 could ameliorate CTD-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting protein expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Bcl-2/Bax, GRP78, ATF6, ATF4, CHOP, IRE1α and PERK. This research revealed the mechanism of GRb1 against CTD-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and it may provide a scientific rationale for the potential use of GRb1 in the treatment of hepatotoxicity induced by CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xiong
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Kexin Lin
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tianmu He
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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2
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Duan X, Ao J, Yu M, Li S, Li X, Zhang J. Shuganning Injection Suppresses Apoptosis for Protecting Against Cantharidin-Induced Liver Injury by Network Pharmacology and Experiment Validation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13692-13703. [PMID: 38559921 PMCID: PMC10976354 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) is a compound of mylabris with antitumor activity, and CTD can potentially cause toxicity, especially hepatotoxicity. The classical Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription Shuganning injection (SGNI) exerts notable anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. However, the protective property and mechanism of SGNI against CTD-induced liver injury (CTD-DILI) have not yet been elucidated. To investigate the effective compounds, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of SGNI against CTD-DILI, network pharmacology combined with experiments were performed. This study found that SGNI could act with 62 core therapeutic targets, regulate multiple biological processes such as apoptosis, and oxidative stress, and influence apoptotic and p53 signaling pathways to treat CTD-DILI. Subsequently, HepaRG cell experiments demonstrated that SGNI pretreatment significantly increased the levels of GSH-Px and SOD, inhibiting the apoptosis induced by CTD. In vivo, according to H&E staining, SGNI can reduce the degeneration of hepatocytes and cytoplasmic vacuolation in mice exposed to CTD. Western blot analysis results indicated that SGNI pretreatment significantly suppressed the expressions of Caspase-3 and Bax while increasing the expression of Bcl-2. In conclusion, SGNI acted as a protective agent against CTD-DILI by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Duan
- School
of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jingwen Ao
- School
of Pharmacy, Zunyi medical university, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ming Yu
- School
of Pharmacy, Zunyi medical university, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Sali Li
- School
of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- School
of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School
of Pharmacy, Zunyi medical university, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education and Joint International
Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of education, Zunyi medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
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3
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Yan J, Gao YM, Deng XL, Wang HS, Shi GT. Integrative analysis of the molecular signature of target genes involved in the antitumor effects of cantharidin on hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1161. [PMID: 38017425 PMCID: PMC10685469 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cantharidin (CTD) is the active ingredient of Chinese medicine, which has been traditionally used in multiple cancers treatment, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, a comprehensive analysis of the CTD-related molecular mechanism is still necessary to understand its functions in HCC treatment. This study aimed to reveal the novel molecular targets and regulatory networks of CTD in HCC. METHODS A model of H22 tumour-bearing mice was constructed, and the function of CTD in tumour growth was evaluated. An integrated approach of CTD associated transcriptional profiling and biological systems analysis was used to identify key regulators involved in antitumour pathways. The identified differential expression patterns were supported by the results of Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyse, and by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. The relationships between gene expression and tumour immunity were evaluated using Tumour Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Prognostic value was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier plotter. RESULTS In the present study, the therapeutic effect of CTD on HCC was evaluated in vivo. We obtained the CTD-related transcriptional profiles, systematically and intuitively illustrated its possible pharmacological mechanisms in HCC through multiple targets and signalling pathways. These results revealed that the CTD-related differentially expressed genes were involved in autophagy, transcription factors (TFs) related transcriptional regulation, fatty acid metabolism and immune response in HCC. We found that MAPT, TOP2A, CENPF and MEFV were hub genes of CTD targets involved in autophagy regulation. Totally, 14 TFs have been confirmed to be critical for transcriptional regulation, and 33 TF targets were identified as the hub genes in transcriptional mis-regulation pathway in cancer. These TFs were associated with the immune response and immune cell infiltration. In addition, the downregulated genes were significantly enriched in metabolic regulation pathways, especially fatty acid metabolism after CTD treatment. Furthermore, the network of CTD associated miRNAs with these fatty acid metabolism-related targets was constructed in HCC. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results comprehensively elucidated that CTD could act on multiple targets in HCC therapy, affecting autophagy, transcriptional regulation, the immune response and fatty acid metabolism. Our results provide a foundation for the study of the molecular mechanistic of CTD and its clinical application in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- School of Basic medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yu Min Gao
- School of Public health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiu Ling Deng
- School of Basic medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Hai Sheng Wang
- School of Basic medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Gui Tao Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
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4
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Jin D, Huang NN, Wei JX. Hepatotoxic mechanism of cantharidin: insights and strategies for therapeutic intervention. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1201404. [PMID: 37383714 PMCID: PMC10293652 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1201404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a natural compound derived from Mylabris, is widely used in traditional Oriental medicine for its potent anticancer properties. However, its clinical application is restricted due to its high toxicity, particularly towards the liver. This review provides a concise understanding of the hepatotoxic mechanisms of CTD and highlights novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate its toxicity while enhancing its anticancer efficacy. We systematically explore the molecular mechanisms underlying CTD-induced hepatotoxicity, focusing on the involvement of apoptotic and autophagic processes in hepatocyte injury. We further discuss the endogenous and exogenous pathways implicated in CTD-induced liver damage and potential therapeutic targets. This review also summarizes the structural modifications of CTD derivatives and their impact on anticancer activity. Additionally, we delve into the advancements in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems that hold promise in overcoming the limitations of CTD derivatives. By offering valuable insights into the hepatotoxic mechanisms of CTD and outlining potential avenues for future research, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop safer and more effective CTD-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Na-Na Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Xia Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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Ru R, Chen G, Liang X, Cao X, Yuan L, Meng M. Sea Cucumber Derived Triterpenoid Glycoside Frondoside A: A Potential Anti-Bladder Cancer Drug. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020378. [PMID: 36678249 PMCID: PMC9861588 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a highly recurrent disease and a common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent developments in diagnosis and therapy, the clinical outcome of bladder cancer remains poor; therefore, novel anti-bladder cancer drugs are urgently needed. Natural bioactive substances extracted from marine organisms such as sea cucumbers, scallops, and sea urchins are believed to have anti-cancer activity with high effectiveness and less toxicity. Frondoside A is a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa. It has been demonstrated that Frondoside A exhibits anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, anti-angiogenic, anti-cancer, and potent immunomodulatory effects. In addition, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) has also been shown to have potent anti-cancer effects in various tumors models, such as liver cancer, breast cancer, and bladder cancer. However, very few studies have investigated the effectiveness of Frondoside A against bladder cancer alone or in combination with CpG-ODN. In this study, we first investigated the individual effects of both Frondoside A and CpG-ODN and subsequently studied their combined effects on human bladder cancer cell viability, migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle in vitro, and on tumor growth in nude mice using human bladder cancer cell line UM-UC-3. To interrogate possible synergistic effects, combinations of different concentrations of the two drugs were used. Our data showed that Frondoside A decreased the viability of bladder cancer cells UM-UC-3 in a concentration-dependent manner, and its inhibitory effect on cell viability (2.5 μM) was superior to EPI (10 μM). We also showed that Frondoside A inhibited UM-UC-3 cell migration, affected the distribution of cell cycle and induced cell apoptosis in concentration-dependent manners, which effectively increased the sub-G1 (apoptotic) cell fraction. In addition, we also demonstrated that immunomodulator CpG-ODN could synergistically potentiate the inhibitory effects of Frondoside A on the proliferation and migration of human bladder cancer cell line UM-UC-3. In in vivo experiments, Frondoside A (800 μg/kg/day i.p. for 14 days) alone and in combination with CpG-ODN (1 mg/kg/dose i.p.) significantly decreased the growth of UM-UC-3 tumor xenografts, without any significant toxic side-effects; however, the chemotherapeutic agent EPI caused weight loss in nude mice. Taken together, these findings indicated that Frondoside A in combination with CpG-ODN is a promising therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Ru
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gengzhan Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xudong Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Lihong Yuan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (M.M.); Tel.: +86-020-39352201 (L.Y. & M.M.)
| | - Minjie Meng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (M.M.); Tel.: +86-020-39352201 (L.Y. & M.M.)
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Mohammadi E, Alemi F, Maleki M, Malakoti F, Farsad-Akhtar N, Yousefi B. Quercetin and Methotrexate in Combination have Anticancer Activity in Osteosarcoma Cells and Repress Oncogenic MicroRNA-223. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2022; 72:226-233. [PMID: 35385884 DOI: 10.1055/a-1709-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common bone neoplasms in adolescents. Notable short- and long-term toxic effects of OS chemotherapy regimens have been reported. Hence, new chemotherapeutic agents with the ability to potentiate OS chemotherapy drugs and protect non-tumorous tissues are required. METHODS Saos-2 cells were treated with Methotrexate (MTX) and Quercetin (Que) (a polyphenolic flavonoid with anti-tumor effects) alone and in combination. MTT assay was performed to investigate the cytotoxicity of the drugs. Moreover, apoptosis-involved genes, including miR-223, p53, BCL-2, CBX7, and CYLD expression were analyzed via qRT-PCR. Annexin V-FITC/PI kit was employed to assess the apoptosis rate. RESULTS The MTT results showed that Que increases MTX cytotoxicity on OS cells. The measured IC50s are 142.3 µM for QUE and 13.7 ng/ml for MTX. A decline in MTX IC50 value was observed from 13.7 ng/ml to 8.45 ng/ml in the presence of Que. Moreover, the mRNA expression outcomes indicated that the combination therapy significantly up-regulates the tumor suppressor genes, such as p53, CBX7, and CYLD, and declines anti-apoptotic genes BCL-2 and miR-223, which can lead to proliferation inhibition and apoptosis inducement. Furthermore, the apoptosis rate increased significantly from 6.03% in the control group to 38.35% in Saos-2 cells that were treated with the combination of MTX and Que. CONCLUSION Que, with the potential to boost the anticancer activity of MTX on Saos-2 cancer cells through proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction, is a good candidate for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Mohammadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masomeh Maleki
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Malakoti
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Farsad-Akhtar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Hu S, Chang J, Ruan H, Zhi W, Wang X, Zhao F, Ma X, Sun X, Liang Q, Xu H, Wang Y, Yang Y. Cantharidin inhibits osteosarcoma proliferation and metastasis by directly targeting miR-214-3p/DKK3 axis to inactivate β-catenin nuclear translocation and LEF1 translation. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2504-2522. [PMID: 34326690 PMCID: PMC8315017 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.51638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As the leading primary bone cancer in adolescents and children, osteosarcoma patients with metastasis show a five-year-survival-rate of 20-30%, without improvement over the past 30 years. Wnt/β-catenin is important in promoting osteosarcoma development. DKK3 is a Wnt/β-catenin antagonist and predicted to have the specific binding site in 3′-UTR with miR-214-3p. Methods: miR-214-3p and DKK3 levels were investigated in human osteosarcoma tissues and cells by RT-qPCR; the prognostic importance of DKK3 level in osteosarcoma patients was determined with Log-rank test; direct binding between DKK3 with miR-214-3p was identified with targetscan; anti-osteosarcoma mechanism of cantharidin was investigated by miR-214-3p silence/over-expression with or without cantharidin treatment, and nuclear/cytoplasmic protein assay in osteosarcoma cells. Results: Down-regulated DKK3 indicated poor prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. Up-regulated miR-214-3p promoted proliferation and migration, while suppressed apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by increasing β-catenin nuclear translocation and LEF1 translation via degradation of DKK3. Cantharidin suppressed viabilities, migration and invasion, while promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in 143B and U-2 OS cells via down-regulating miR-214-3p to up-regulate DKK3, thus inhibited p-GSK-3β expression, β-catenin nuclear translocation and LEF1 translation. Meanwhile, cantharidin inhibited tumor growth in xenograft-bearing mice with 143B cell injection in tibia. Conclusion: miR-214-3p mediated Wnt/β-catenin/LEF1 signaling activation by targeting DKK3 to promote oncogenesis of osteosarcoma; cantharidin inhibited proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells via down-regulating miR-214-3p to up-regulate DKK3 and decrease β-catenin nuclear translocation, indicating that cantharidin may be a prospective candidate for osteosarcoma treatment by targeting miR-214-3p/DKK3/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopu Hu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junli Chang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenlan Zhi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fulai Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xingyuan Sun
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Antitumor potential of the protein phosphatase inhibitor, cantharidin, and selected derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 32:116012. [PMID: 33454654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cantharidin is a potent natural protein phosphatase monoterpene anhydride inhibitor secreted by several species of blister beetle, with its demethylated anhydride analogue, (S)-palasonin, occurring as a constituent of the higher plant Butea frondosa. Cantharidin shows both potent protein phosphatase inhibitory and cancer cell cytotoxic activities, but possible preclinical development of this anhydride has been limited thus far by its toxicity. Thus, several synthetic derivatives of cantharidin have been prepared, of which some compounds exhibit improved antitumor potential and may have use as lead compounds. In the present review, the potential antitumor activity, structure-activity relationships, and development of cantharidin-based anticancer drug conjugates are summarized, with protein phosphatase-related and other types of mechanisms of action discussed. Protein phosphatases play a key role in the tumor microenvironment, and thus described herein is also the potential for developing new tumor microenvironment-targeted cancer chemotherapeutic agents, based on cantharidin and its naturally occurring analogues and synthetic derivatives.
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Zhang L, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Chang A, Zhuo X. Screening of hub genes and prediction of putative drugs in arsenic-related bladder carcinoma: An in silico study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126609. [PMID: 32663744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence showed that inorganic arsenic (iAs) can trigger malignant transformation in cells with complex mechanisms. Thus, we aimed to investigate the possible molecules, pathways and therapeutic drugs for iAs-induced bladder cancer (BC) by using bioinformatics approaches. METHODS Microarray-based data were analyzed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between iAs-related BC cells and controls. Then, the roles of DEGs were annotated and the hub genes were screened out by protein-protein interaction network. The key genes were further selected from the hub genes through an assessment of the prognostic values. Afterward, potential drugs were predicted by using CMAP analysis. RESULTS Analysis of a dataset (GSE90023) generated 21 upregulated and 47 downregulated DEGs, which were enriched in various signaling pathways. Among the DEGs, four hub genes including WNT7B, SFRP1, DNAJB2, and ATF3, were identified as the key genes because they might predict poor prognosis in BC patients. Lastly, Cantharidin was predicted to be a potential drug reversing iAs-induced malignant transformation in urinary epithelium cells. CONCLUSION The present study found several hub genes involved in iAs-induced malignant transformation in urinary epithelium cells, and predicted several small agents for iAs toxicity prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China; Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China; Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China; Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Aoshuang Chang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xianlu Zhuo
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China; Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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Naz F, Wu Y, Zhang N, Yang Z, Yu C. Anticancer Attributes of Cantharidin: Involved Molecular Mechanisms and Pathways. Molecules 2020; 25:E3279. [PMID: 32707651 PMCID: PMC7397086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a preeminent threat to the human race, causing millions of deaths each year on the Earth. Traditionally, natural compounds are deemed promising agents for cancer treatment. Cantharidin (CTD)-a terpenoid isolated from blister beetles-has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicines for healing various maladies and cancer. CTD has been proven to be protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF-1) inhibitor, which can be potential targets for its anticancer activity. Albeit, it harbors some toxicities, its immense anticancer potential cannot be overlooked, as the cancer-specific delivery of CTD could help to rescue its lethal effects. Furthermore, several derivatives have been designed to weaken its toxicity. In light of extensive research, the antitumor activity of CTD is evident in both in vitro as well as in vivo cancer models. CTD has also proven efficacious in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and it can also target some drug-resistant cancer cells. This mini-review endeavors to interpret and summarize recent information about CTD anticancer potential and underlying molecular mechanisms. The pertinent anticancer strength of CTD could be employed to develop an effective anticarcinogenic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhao Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (F.N.); (Y.W.); (N.Z.)
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (F.N.); (Y.W.); (N.Z.)
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11
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Lai Y, Wang M, Cheng A, Mao S, Ou X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Jia R, Liu M, Zhu D, Chen S, Zhang S, Zhao XX, Huang J, Gao Q, Wang Y, Xu Z, Chen Z, Zhu L, Luo Q, Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhang L, Tian B, Pan L, Rehman MU, Chen X. Regulation of Apoptosis by Enteroviruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1145. [PMID: 32582091 PMCID: PMC7283464 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus infection can cause a variety of diseases and severely impair the health of humans, animals, poultry, and other organisms. To resist viral infection, host organisms clear infected cells and viruses via apoptosis. However, throughout their long-term competition with host cells, enteroviruses have evolved a series of mechanisms to regulate the balance of apoptosis in order to replicate and proliferate. In the early stage of infection, enteroviruses mainly inhibit apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway and the autophagy pathway and by impairing cell sensors, thereby delaying viral replication. In the late stage of infection, enteroviruses mainly regulate apoptotic pathways and the host translation process via various viral proteins, ultimately inducing apoptosis. This paper discusses the means by which these two phenomena are balanced in enteroviruses to produce virus-favoring conditions – in a temporal sequence or through competition with each other. This information is important for further elucidation of the relevant mechanisms of acute infection by enteroviruses and other members of the picornavirus family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Lai
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qihui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leichang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Zhang J, Chen Q, Wang L, Chen K, Mu W, Duan C, Li X. Study on the mechanism of cantharidin-induced hepatotoxicity in rat using serum and liver metabolomics combined with conventional pathology methods. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1259-1271. [PMID: 32468647 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a compound secreted from Mylabris species, exhibits strong antitumor properties; however, hepatotoxicity restricts its clinical application. The mechanism by which CTD induces toxicity remains unclear. In the present study, the hepatotoxicity of CTD in the rat was investigated using a metabolomic approach combined with conventional pathology methods. A total of 30 rats were intragastrically treated with two doses of CTD (0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg) for 15 days to evaluate hepatotoxicity. Serum and liver samples were collected for biochemical dynamics analyses, histopathological examination and metabolomic analysis. It was found that liver index and serum biochemical indices were significantly increased. Furthermore, the pathology results showed that hepatocytes and subcellular organelles were damaged. Metabolomics analysis found 4 biomarkers in serum and 15 in the liver that were associated with CTD-induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, these were responsible for CTD hepatotoxicity by glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. In conclusion, conventional pathology and metabolomics for exploring hepatotoxicity can provide useful information about the safety and potential risks of CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhang
- School of pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Lab Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qihong Chen
- School of pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Lab Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Le Wang
- School of pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Kuan Chen
- School of pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wenbi Mu
- School of pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Cancan Duan
- School of pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Lab Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- School of pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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13
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18-GA-Suc Modified Liposome Loading Cantharidin for Augmenting Hepatic Specificity: Preparation, Characterization, Antitumor Effects, and Liver-Targeting Efficiency. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2038-2047. [PMID: 32173319 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a natural Chinese medicine constituent extracted from mylabris, is a potent drug against hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the clinical application of CTD was limited because of its toxicity and low solubility. In this work, a novel CTD-loaded liposome modified with 3-succinyl-30-stearyl glycyrrhetinic acid (18-GA-Suc-CTD-Lip) was prepared to enhance liver-targeting efficiency and antitumor activity. 18-GA-Suc-CTD-Lip and CTD-Lip were successfully prepared by film dispersion method and totally characterized. The antitumor effects in vitro were evaluated by cell proliferation inhibition assay, transwell assay, cell cycle analysis, and an apoptosis test. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution were all investigated to precisely reveal liver-targeting efficiency of 18-GA-Suc-CTD-Lip in vivo. The IC50 values of 18-GA-Suc-CTD-Lip in HepG2 (3.417 ± 0.165 nmol/L) and Huh-7 (4.478 ± 0.409 nmol/L) cells were much lower than that of CTD-Lip, indicating that antitumor effects of 18-GA-Suc-CTD-Lip were remarkable because of the modification of 18-GA-Suc. The maximum concentration in the liver of 18-GA-Suc-CTD-Lip (1.72 ± 0.14 μg/g) was more than twice CTD-Lip (0.75 ± 0.08 μg/g) at 30 min, illustrating that 18-GA-Suc-CTD-Lip possesses excellent liver-targeting efficiency. Conclusively, 18-GA-Suc-CTD-Lip could be a potential liver-targeting antitumor drug for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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14
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Song M, Wang X, Luo Y, Liu Z, Tan W, Ye P, Fu Z, Lu F, Xiang W, Tang L, Yao L, Nie Y, Xiao J. Cantharidin suppresses gastric cancer cell migration/invasion by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via CCAT1. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108939. [PMID: 31945315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that shows an anticancer effects in multiple types of cancer cells. However, the mechanism of CTD anti-cancer function in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanism that CTD inhibits proliferation and migration through suppression of the PI3K/Akt signaling. CTD induced GC cell apoptosis and inhibited metastasis measured by CCK8 assays as well as wound healing assays and transwell assays. Mechanistic investigations suggested that CTD modulated the PI3K/Akt signaling via western-blot and quantitative q-PCR. In addition, we identified and confirmed CCAT1 as a novel direct target of CTD inhibited PI3K/AKt signaling expression. In conclusion, our results provide new point into the critical role of CTD in suppressing PI3K/Akt signaling via down-regulation of CCAT1, resulting in suppression GC cell growth and migration/invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Song
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Nankai University, School of Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfei Wang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Luo
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilin Liu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Tan
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Ye
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Fu
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery 1, Hainan general hospital, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Lu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanping Xiang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghan Tang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yao
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Xiao
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Liu Y, Sun X, Huo C, Sun C, Zhu J. Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 (MCT4) Overexpression Is Correlated with Poor Prognosis of Osteosarcoma. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4278-4284. [PMID: 31177263 PMCID: PMC6582689 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) is a critical element for glycolytic metabolism and malignant behaviors in many tumor cells. This study aimed to determine the expression level of MCT4 protein and its prognostic value in osteosarcoma. Material/Methods MCT4 expression was detected via immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis for 100 osteosarcoma patients. The correlation between MCT4 expression and clinical factors among the patients was analyzed using the chi-square test. Overall survival of osteosarcoma patients was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The prognostic value of MCT4 was evaluated using Cox regression analysis with adjustments for clinicopathological variables. Results MCT4 expression was significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues compared with that in adjacent normal ones, detected via both immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses. High MCT4 expression showed a positive association with distant metastasis (P=0.000) and recurrence (P=0.000) of osteosarcoma. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that overall survival of osteosarcoma patients was significantly higher in the low MCT4 expression group than in the high expression group (log-rank test, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that MCT4 expression and clinical stage, which are tightly related to the prognosis of osteosarcoma, might be independent predictors of osteosarcoma prognosis. Conclusions High MCT4 expression appears to contribute to osteosarcoma progression and the upregulation of MCT4 may predict poor prognosis among osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xuanwu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chunguang Huo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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