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Gao J, Wang Y, Jia Z, Xue J, Zhou T, Zu G. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes intestinal epithelial proliferation and barrier function after ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of Nurr1. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1310-1317. [PMID: 37621064 PMCID: PMC10461505 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2245445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is involved in cell proliferation and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of several organs. OBJECTIVE To identify the role of EGCG in intestinal epithelial proliferation and barrier exposed to I/R injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham, I/R, I/R + EGCG (12.5 mg/kg), I/R + EGCG (25 mg/kg) and I/R + EGCG (50 mg/kg). I/R group rats were subjected to intestinal ischemia for 1 h and 6 h reperfusion. The rats were supplemented with EGCG 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg daily for 3 days via intraperitoneal injection before surgery. We used IEC-6 to expose to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury to mimic I/R in vivo. IEC-6 cells were divided into control, H/R and H/R + EGCG (40 μmol/L). The effects of EGCG and its mechanism was explored. RESULTS Pharmacological treatment with EGCG notably improves intestinal epithelial proliferation (12.5 mg/kg, 1.74-fold; 25 mg/kg, 2.93-fold, and 50 mg/kg, 4.33-fold) and barrier function after I/R injury. EGCG promoted cell proliferation (2.99-fold) and increased the expression of occludin (2.36-fold) and ZO-1 (1.64-fold) in IEC-6 cells after H/R injury. EGCG promoted proliferation of IEC-6 cells with ED50 values of 18.16 μmol/L. Further investigations indicated that EGCG activated Nurr1 expression in intestine after I/R injury. EGCG promote cell proliferation and increased the expression of occludin and ZO-1 in IEC-6 cells after H/R injury were abrogated in the knockdown of Nurr1 by siRNA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that EGCG promotes intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and barrier function after I/R injury in vitro and in vivo via activation of Nurr1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zirui Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaming Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guo Zu
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Wang M, Zhu Y, Liu S, Tian Z, Zhu P, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Qingchang Mixture Prevents the Intestinal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury through TLR4/NF-kB Pathway. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:49-57. [PMID: 35345995 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220328090126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT This study aims to determine the protective effect and molecular responses of the traditional Chinese medicine Qingchang mixture on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS The rat intestinal IR model was prepared. The intestinal ischemic injury was evaluated by HE staining, biochemical assay and western blot. In addition, a human hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) in vitro model was prepared using intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6). The viability and apoptosis of IEC-6 cells were measured by CCK8 and apoptosis detection. TAK242 or PDTC was used as a small molecule inhibitor of TLR4 or NF-κB, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the IR group, the pretreatment of the Qingchang mixture reduced the morphological damage, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and barrier function damage of the small intestine tissue. IR significantly increased the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB, while the pretreatment of the Qingchang mixture inhibited the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB. Furthermore, the pretreatment of Qingchang mixture, TAK242, or PDTC effectively improved the viability and hindered apoptosis of the HR-induced IEC-6 cells. CONCLUSIONS Traditional Chinese medicine Qingchang mixture prevents intestinal IR injury through TLR4/NF-kB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaochun Tian
- Department of Medical Science And Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yunjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yongkun Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
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Liu MX, Li T, Wang WG, Guo J, Wang RR, He HP, Li SQ, Li YP. Regulatory effect of isovitexin on MAPK/NF- κB signal in mice with acute ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022:1-18. [PMID: 36394271 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2142121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of isovitexin on ulcerative colitis mice and RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that isovitexin had strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and could restore intestinal barrier integrity (p < 0.01). In addition, isovitexin inhibited the expression of MyD88, TLR4 and NF-κB p65 proteins. At the same time, isovitexin can inhibit the activation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, isovitexin has a protective effect on UC mice, and its improvement mechanism of UC might be related to MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiu Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wei-Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hong-Ping He
- College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shu-Quan Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yan-Ping Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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Verhaar N, Breves G, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Pfarrer C, Rohn K, Burmester M, Schnepel N, Neudeck S, Twele L, Kästner S. The effect of ischaemic postconditioning on mucosal integrity and function in equine jejunal ischaemia. Equine Vet J 2021; 54:427-437. [PMID: 34003501 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemic postconditioning (IPoC) has been shown to ameliorate ischaemia reperfusion injury in different species and tissues. OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility of IPoC in equine small intestinal ischaemia and to assess its effect on histomorphology, electrophysiology and paracellular permeability. STUDY DESIGN Randomised in vivo experiment. METHODS Experimental jejunal ischaemia was induced for 90 min in horses under general anaesthesia. In the control group (C; n = 7), the jejunum was reperfused without further intervention. In the postconditioning group (IPoC; n = 7), reocclusion was implemented following release of ischaemia by clamping the mesenteric vessels in three cycles of 30 seconds. This was followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion in both groups. Intestinal microperfusion and oxygenation was measured during IPoC using spectrophotometry and Doppler flowmetry. Histomorphology and histomorphometry of the intestinal mucosa were assessed. Furthermore, electrophysiological variables and unidirectional flux rates of 3 H-mannitol were determined in Ussing chambers. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the tight junction protein levels of claudin-1, claudin-2 and occludin in the intestinal mucosa. Comparisons between the groups and time points were performed using a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) or non-parametric statistical tests for the ordinal and not normally distributed data (significance P < .05). RESULTS IPoC significantly reduced intestinal microperfusion during all clamping cycles yet affected oxygen saturation only during the first cycle. After reperfusion, Group IPoC showed significantly less mucosal villus denudation (mean difference 21.5%, P = .02) and decreased mucosal-to-serosal flux rates (mean difference 15.2 nM/cm2 /h, P = .007) compared to Group C. There were no significant differences between the groups for the other tested variables. MAIN LIMITATIONS Small sample size, long-term effects were not investigated. CONCLUSIONS Following IPoC, the intestinal mucosa demonstrated significantly less villus denudation and paracellular permeability compared to the untreated control group, possibly indicating a protective effect of IPoC on ischaemia reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Verhaar
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Pfarrer
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion Burmester
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Schnepel
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Neudeck
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lara Twele
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Kästner
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Schucht JE, Matheson PJ, Harbrecht BG, Bond L, Ashkettle GR, Smith JW. Plasma resuscitation with adjunctive peritoneal resuscitation reduces ischemia-induced intestinal barrier breakdown following hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 90:27-34. [PMID: 32910075 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hemorrhagic shock (HS) and resuscitation (RES) cause ischemia-induced intestinal permeability due to intestinal barrier breakdown, damage to the endothelium, and tight junction (TJ) complex disruption between enterocytes. The effect of hemostatic RES with blood products on this phenomenon is unknown. Previously, we showed that fresh frozen plasma (FFP) RES, with or without directed peritoneal resuscitation (DPR) improved blood flow and alleviated organ injury and enterocyte damage following HS/RES. We hypothesized that FFP might decrease TJ injury and attenuate ischemia-induced intestinal permeability following HS/RES. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to groups (n = 8): sham; crystalloid resuscitation (CR) (HS of 40% mean arterial pressure for 60 minutes) and CR (shed blood plus two volumes of CR); CR and DPR (intraperitoneal 2.5% peritoneal dialysis fluid); FFP (shed blood plus one volume of FFP); and FFP and DPR (intraperitoneal dialysis fluid plus two volumes of FFP). Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (molecular weight, 4 kDa; FD4) was instilled into the gastrointestinal tract before hemorrhage; FD4 was measured by UV spectrometry at various time points. Plasma syndecan-1 and ileum tissue TJ proteins were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunofluorescence was used to visualize claudin-4 concentrations at 4 hours following HS/RES. RESULTS Following HS, FFP attenuated FD4 leak across the intestine at all time points compared with CR and DPR alone. This response was significantly improved with the adjunctive DPR at 3 and 4 hours post-RES (p < 0.05). Resuscitation with FFP-DPR increased intestinal tissue concentrations of TJ proteins and decreased plasma syndecan-1. Immunofluorescence demonstrated decreased mobilization of claudin-4 in both FFP and FFP-DPR groups. CONCLUSION Fresh frozen plasma-based RES improves intestinal TJ and endothelial integrity. The addition of DPR can further stabilize TJs and attenuate intestinal permeability. Combination therapy with DPR and FFP to mitigate intestinal barrier breakdown following shock could be a novel method of reducing ischemia-induced intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation after trauma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic/Epidemiologic, Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Schucht
- From the Robley Rex Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.E.S., P.J.M., J.W.S.), and Department of Surgery (J.E.S., P.J.M., B.G.H., L.B., J.W.S.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (J.E.S., P.J.M., J.W.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and Eastern Kentucky University (G.R.A.)
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Chen L, Li L, Han Y, Lv B, Zou S, Yu Q. Tong-fu-li-fei decoction exerts a protective effect on intestinal barrier of sepsis in rats through upregulating ZO-1/occludin/claudin-1 expression. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 143:89-96. [PMID: 32173265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tong-fu-li-fei (TFL) prescription has already used to treat sepsis in clinic but its mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Tong-fu-li-fei (TFL) prescription on sepsis in rats. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the sham group, model group, the TFL 3.6 g/kg and 7.2 g/kg-treated group. The sepsis model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). After 7 days, TFL treatment improved the survival rate of CLP rats and alleviated sepsis-induced intestinal mucosal injury. The ELISA assay showed that inflammatory cytokine expressions including TNF-α and IL-1β in serum from TFL-treated rats were lower than that in the model. And TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 from intestinal tissues were also decreased and IL-10 was increased in TFL-treated rats. Meanwhile the expression levels of the tight junction molecules occludin, claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) mRNA and protein expressions examined by RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, were also restored in rats that received TFL treatment. Our data showed that TFL mitigates the inflammatory response and maintains intestinal barrier function in sepsis through upregulating ZO-1/occludin/claudin-1 expression, providing a good experimental basis for its clinical treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzhao Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
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He W, Wang Y, Wang P, Wang F. Intestinal barrier dysfunction in severe burn injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2019; 7:24. [PMID: 31372365 PMCID: PMC6659221 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-019-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe burn injury is often accompanied by intestinal barrier dysfunction, which is closely associated with post-burn shock, bacterial translocation, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, hypercatabolism, sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and other complications. The intestinal epithelium forms a physical barrier that separates the intestinal lumen from the internal milieu, in which the tight junction plays a principal role. It has been well documented that after severe burn injury, many factors such as stress, ischemia/hypoxia, proinflammatory cytokines, and endotoxins can induce intestinal barrier dysfunction via multiple signaling pathways. Recent advances have provided new insights into the mechanisms and the therapeutic strategies of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction associated with severe burn injury. In this review, we will describe the current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in intestinal barrier dysfunction in response to severe burn injury and the emerging therapies for treating intestinal barrier dysfunction following severe burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
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Shi L, Xiao M, Dai ML, Liu SH, Liu YS, Wei FC. Ischemia preconditioning protects rat submandibular glands from ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 122:324-31. [PMID: 25216112 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of ischemia/reperfusion on rat submandibular glands without denervation and the possible protective effects of ischemia preconditioning on the glands that experienced ischemia/reperfusion, in-situ ischemia/reperfusion and ischemia preconditioning experimental models of submandibular glands of healthy male Wistar rats were conducted. For ischemia/reperfusion groups, the glands were subjected to 90 min of ischemia without denervation, followed by 1, 12, 24, or 72 h of reperfusion. Ischemia preconditioning was achieved by 3 min of ischemia following 3 min of reperfusion, performed three times before ischemia/reperfusion. Salivary secretion, histological changes, alterations of tight junctions, myeloperoxidase activity, cellular apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species levels were detected. In ischemia/reperfusion glands, rising acute-inflammation responses, reduced tight-junction width, and increased myeloperoxidase activity, reactive oxygen species levels, and apoptotic cell numbers were observed, along with secretory dysfunction, especially at 1 and 12 h post-reperfusion, which seemed to gradually return to normal by 72 h post-reperfusion. In contrast, ischemia preconditioning showed the potential to ameliorate the injury-stress responses caused by ischemia/reperfusion. Our study revealed that ischemia/reperfusion could cause a series of injury-stress responses and ultimately lead to hyposecretion, independently of the parasympathetic nerve supply, which might play an important role in the early-phase dysfunction of the transplanted glands. Ischemia preconditioning could protect the involved glands and improve ischemia/reperfusion-induced hyposecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Dental Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Qiao Y, Qian J, Lu Q, Tian Y, Chen Q, Zhang Y. Protective effects of butyrate on intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats. J Surg Res 2015; 197:324-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Impaired intestinal mucosal barrier upon ischemia-reperfusion: "patching holes in the shield with a simple surgical method". BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:210901. [PMID: 24955347 PMCID: PMC4053295 DOI: 10.1155/2014/210901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is associated with impairment of the gut barrier function and the initiation of a proinflammatory cascade with life-threatening results. Therefore methods directed to ameliorate IR injury are of great importance. We aimed at describing the effects of postconditioning (PC) on the alterations of the intestinal mucosal function and the inflammatory response upon mesenteric IR. Methods. Male Wistar rats were gavaged with green fluorescent protein-expressing E. coli suspensions. Animals were randomized into three groups (n = 15), sham-operated, IR-, and PC-groups, and underwent 60 minutes of superior mesenteric artery occlusion, followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Postconditioning was performed at the onset of reperfusion. Blood and tissue samples were taken at the end of reperfusion, for histological, bacteriological, and plasma examinations. Results. The PC-group presented a more favorable claudin-2, claudin-3, claudin-4, and zonula occludens-1 membrane expression profile, and significantly lower rates of bacterial translocation to distant organs and plasma D-lactate levels compared to the IR-group. Histopathological lesions, plasma I-FABP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the PC-group compared to the IR-group. Conclusion. The use of postconditioning improved the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier upon mesenteric IR, and thus reduced the incidence of bacterial translocation and development of a systemic inflammatory response.
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Geng Y, Li J, Wang F, Li Q, Wang X, Sun L, Li W. Epidermal growth factor promotes proliferation and improves restoration after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Inflammation 2014; 36:670-9. [PMID: 23397076 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an attractive and promising therapeutic application for intestinal disorders. The current study examined its influence on proliferation and restoration after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat small intestine. Six groups were performed: sham operation (Con); ischemia for 30 min with subsequent reperfusion for 30 min (I/R); I/R injured with 500 μg/kg EGF injected 5 min before ischemia (Pre-l); I/R injured with 50 μg/kg EGF injected 5 min before ischemia (Pre-s); I/R injured with 500 μg/kg EGF injected 5 min after reperfusion (Post-l); and I/R injured with 50 μg/kg EGF injected 5 min after reperfusion (Post-s). Intestinal histological damage, crypt cell proliferation degree, mucosal permeability, tight junction proteins expression, and levels of inflammation factors were studied for each group. Compared with the I/R group, administration of EGF in the Pre-l, Pre-s, and Post-l groups all presented a significant proliferation effect. The levels of FD4, IL-6, and TNF-α were dramatically decreased in all EGF-treated groups. Histological destruction was improved and TJs recovery was notably accelerated in all EGF-treated groups except the Post-s group. D-lactate concentration was only diminished in the Pre-l group. These results suggest that mucosally applied EGF can promote intestinal proliferation and improve restoration after I/R injury. EGF intraluminal administration is an effective treatment against intestinal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Geng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jiangsu Province Chinese Medicine Hospital, 155 Han Zhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
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Guzmán-de la Garza FJ, Ibarra-Hernández JM, Cordero-Pérez P, Villegas-Quintero P, Villarreal-Ovalle CI, Torres-González L, Oliva-Sosa NE, Alarcón-Galván G, Fernández-Garza NE, Muñoz-Espinosa LE, Cámara-Lemarroy CR, Carrillo-Arriaga JG. Temporal relationship of serum markers and tissue damage during acute intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:1034-8. [PMID: 23917671 PMCID: PMC3715035 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(07)23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is essential to identify a serological marker of injury in order to study the pathophysiology of intestinal ischemia reperfusion. In this work, we studied the evolution of several serological markers after intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. The markers of non-specific cell damage were aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase, the markers of inflammation were tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 beta, and the markers of intestinal mucosal damage were intestinal fatty acid binding protein and D-lactate. We used Chiús classification to grade the histopathological damage. METHODS We studied 35 Wistar rats divided into groups according to reperfusion time. The superior mesenteric artery was clamped for 30 minutes, and blood and biopsies were collected at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after reperfusion. We plotted the mean ± standard deviation and compared the baseline and maximum values for each marker using Student's t-test. RESULTS The maximum values of interleukin-1 beta and lactic dehydrogenase were present before the maximal histopathological damage. The maximum tumor necrosis factor alpha and D-lactate expressions coincided with histopathological damage. Alanine aminotransaminase and aspartate aminotransferase had a maximum expression level that increased following the histopathological damage. The maximum expressions of interluken-6 and intestinal fatty acid binding protein were not significantly different from the Sham treated group. CONCLUSION For the evaluation of injury secondary to acute intestinal ischemia reperfusion with a 30 minute ischemia period, we recommend performing histopathological grading, quantification of D-lactate, which is synthesized by intestinal bacteria and is considered an indicator of mucosal injury, and quantification of tumor necrosis factor alpha as indicators of acute inflammation three hours after reperfusion.
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Abstract
The alveolar epithelium of the lung constitutes a unique interface with the outside environment. This thin barrier must maintain a surface for gas transfer while being continuously exposed to potentially hazardous environmental stimuli. Small differences in alveolar epithelial barrier properties could therefore have a large impact on disease susceptibility or outcome. Moreover, recent work has focused attention on the alveolar epithelium as central to several lung diseases, including acute lung injury and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Although relatively little is known about the function and regulation of claudin tight junction proteins in the lung, new evidence suggests that environmental stimuli can influence claudin expression and alveolar barrier function in human disease. This review considers recent advances in the understanding of the role of claudins in the breakdown of the alveolar epithelial barrier in disease and in epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Frank
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Oltean M, Joshi M, Björkman E, Oltean S, Casselbrant A, Herlenius G, Olausson M. Intraluminal polyethylene glycol stabilizes tight junctions and improves intestinal preservation in the rat. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:2044-51. [PMID: 22548829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly progressing mucosal breakdown limits the intestinal preservation time below 10 h. Recent studies indicate that intraluminal solutions containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) alleviate preservation injury of intestines stored in UW-Viaspan. We investigated whether a low-sodium PEG solution is beneficial for intestines stored in histidine-tryptophane-ketoglutarate (HTK) preservation solution. Rat intestines used as control tissue (group 1) were perfused with HTK, groups 2 and 3 received either a customized PEG-3350 (group 2) or an electrolyte solution (group 3) intraluminally before cold storage. Tissue injury, brush-border maltase activity, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-3 expression in the tight junctions (TJ) were analyzed after 8, 14 and 20 h. We measured epithelial resistance and permeability (Ussing chamber) after 8 and 14 h. Group 2 had superior morphology while maltase activity was similar in all groups. TJ proteins rapidly decreased and decolocalized in groups 1 3; these negative events were delayed in group 2, where colocalization persisted for about 14 h. Intestines in group 2 had higher epithelial resistance and lower permeability than the other groups. These results suggest that a customized PEG solution intraluminally reduces the intestinal preservation injury by improving several major epithelial characteristics without negatively affecting the brush-border enzymes or promoting edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oltean
- The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.
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Kokotilo MS, Schlachter K, Carter J, Thiesen A, Khadaroo RG, Churchill TA. Comparing the effects of Dextran 70 and Hydroxyethyl starch in an intestinal storage solution. Cryobiology 2010; 61:254-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nakao T, Kurita N, Komatsu M, Yoshikawa K, Iwata T, Utusnomiya T, Shimada M. Irinotecan injures tight junction and causes bacterial translocation in rat. J Surg Res 2010; 173:341-7. [PMID: 21176921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tight junctions are an essential component of intestinal epithelial barriers. Claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 are the components of tight junction. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether irinotecan induces bacterial translocation in rats, and thus elucidate the relationship between tight junction and bacterial translocation. METHODS Ten rats were divided into two groups: Five were treated with irinotecan and five were not treated with irinotecan, the control group. Irinotecan treated rats were administrated irinotecan 250 mg/kg intraperitoneally on days designated 0 and 1, were then killed at 48 h after treatment, and tissues were collected for analysis. Controls were treated with a saline solution. RESULTS In eighty percent of irinotecan treated rats, bacteria were detected in the mesenteric lymph node or spleen. Large intestinal resistance of the rats was decreased. On the contrary, small intestinal resistance increased. Claudin-1 protein expression of both the small and large intestine decreased (P < 0.05), occludin protein expression of the small intestine decreased (P < 0.05), and occludin protein expression of the large intestine had decreasing tendency (P = 0.07) in irinotecan treated rats. In irinotecan treated rats, claudin-1 mRNA of the small intestine decreased (P < 0.05), claudin-1 mRNA of large intestine had a tendency to decrease (P = 0.05), occludin mRNA of both small and large intestine decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Irinotecan injures claudin-1 and occludin. It causes disorders in the intestinal epithelial barrier and induces bacterial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Nakao
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Bioscience, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Li Q, Zhang Q, Wang C, Liu X, Qu L, Gu L, Li N, Li J. Altered distribution of tight junction proteins after intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:4061-76. [PMID: 19929946 PMCID: PMC4516553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) disruptions have been demonstrated both in vitro and more recently in vivo in infection. However, the molecular basis for changes of TJ during ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is poorly understood. In the present study, intestinal damage was induced by I/R in an animal model. As assessed by TUNEL and propidium iodide uptake, we showed that I/R injury induced apoptosis as well as necrosis in rat colon, and the frequency of apoptotic and necrotic cells reached the maximum at 5 hrs of reperfusion. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that claudins 1, 3 and 5 are strongly expressed in the surface epithelial cells of the colon; however, labelling of all three proteins was present diffusely within cells and no longer focused at the lateral cell boundaries after I/R. Using Western blot analysis, we found that distribution of TJ proteins in membrane microdomains of TJ was markedly affected in I/R injury rats. Occludin, ZO-1, claudin-1 and claudin-3 were completely displaced from TX-100 insoluble fractions to TX-100 soluble fractions, and claudin-5 was partly displaced. The distribution of lipid raft marker protein caveolin-1 was also changed after I/R. I/R injury results in the disruption of TJs, which characterized by relocalization of the claudins 1, 3 and 5 and an increase in intestinal permeability using molecular tracer measurement. I/R injury altered distribution of TJ proteins in vivo that was associated with functional TJ deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Li
- Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Zhong Y, Cai D, Cai W, Geng S, Chen L, Han T. Protective effect of galactooligosaccharide-supplemented enteral nutrition on intestinal barrier function in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Clin Nutr 2009; 28:575-80. [PMID: 19525042 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal barrier dysfunction may play an important role in the secondary infectious complications associated with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). We aimed to investigate the protective effect of enteral nutrition supplemented with prebiotics, namely, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), on intestinal barrier function in SAP rats. METHODS We randomly divided 60 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats into 6 groups: sham operation 4-d and 7-d groups, SAP with standard enteral nutrition (EN) 4-d and 7-d groups, and SAP with GOS-supplemented EN (PRE-EN) 4-d and 7-d groups (n = 10 in each group). The intestinal barrier function was assessed on the basis of several aspects, including the number of colonic bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, sIgA concentration in intestinal mucus, extent of apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells, and the protein expression and mRNA of the intestinal tight junction protein occludin. The results for groups at the same time points were compared with each other. RESULTS We observed that the intestinal barrier function was impaired after the establishment of the SAP model, in comparison with the sham control group. In the PRE-EN groups, the number of fecal bifidobacteria, sIgA level in intestinal mucus, intestinal occludin mRNA level at both day 4 and day 7, and extent of intestinal epithelial apoptosis at day 7 were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the standard EN groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Supplementation of the prebiotic GOS in EN can significantly improve intestinal barrier function in SAP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhong
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Chasiotis H, Kelly SP. Occludin and hydromineral balance in Xenopus laevis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 212:287-96. [PMID: 19112148 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.022822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the response of the tight junction (TJ) protein occludin to environmental change in an anuran amphibian, we examined occludin tissue distribution, immunolocalization and alterations in mRNA expression in African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) acclimated to brackish water (BW) conditions (from freshwater to 2 per thousand, 5 per thousand or 10 per thousand salt water). Occludin mRNA is widely expressed in Xenopus and is abundant in tissues involved in regulating salt and water balance, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, kidney and urinary bladder. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed strong occludin immunolabelling in the apicolateral region of epithelia lining the GI tract and mRNA expression increased along the longitudinal axis of the gut. In kidney tissue, occludin was differentially expressed on the luminal side of the nephron tubule, appearing in the distal tubules and collecting ducts only. In response to BW acclimation, Xenopus exhibited a significant loss of tissue water as well as salinity-dependent elevations in serum osmolality as a result of increased urea levels followed by elevated serum Na(+) and Cl(-) levels. Tissue-specific alterations in the ionomotive enzyme Na(+),K(+)-ATPase were also observed in Xenopus in response to BW acclimation. Most notably, Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in the rectum increased in response to elevated environmental salt concentrations while renal activity decreased. Furthermore, acclimation to BW caused tissue-specific and salinity-dependent alterations in occludin mRNA expression within select Xenopus osmoregulatory organs. Taken together, these studies suggest that alterations in occludin, in conjunction with active transport processes, may contribute to amphibian hydromineral homeostasis during environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Chasiotis
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.
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Chasiotis H, Kelly SP. Occludin immunolocalization and protein expression in goldfish. J Exp Biol 2008; 211:1524-34. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.014894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARYTight junctions (TJs) are an integral component of models illustrating ion transport mechanisms across fish epithelia; however, little is known about TJ proteins in fishes. Using immunohistochemical methods and Western blot analysis, we examined the localization and expression of occludin, a transmembrane TJ protein, in goldfish tissues. In goldfish gills,discontinuous occludin immunostaining was detected along the edges of secondary gill lamellae and within parts of the interlamellar region that line the lateral walls of the central venous sinus. In the goldfish intestine,occludin immunolocalized in a TJ-specific distribution pattern to apical regions of columnar epithelial cells lining the intestinal lumen. In the goldfish kidney, occludin was differentially expressed in discrete regions of the nephron. Occludin immunostaining was strongest in the distal segment of the nephron, moderate in the collecting duct and absent in the proximal segment. To investigate a potential role for occludin in the maintenance of the hydromineral balance of fishes, we subjected goldfish to 1, 2 and 4 weeks of food deprivation, and then examined the endpoints of hydromineral status,Na+,K+-ATPase activity and occludin protein expression in the gills, intestine and kidney. Occludin expression altered in response to hydromineral imbalance in a tissue-specific manner suggesting a dynamic role for this TJ protein in the regulation of epithelial permeability in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Chasiotis
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Scott P. Kelly
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3
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Sun X, Yang H, Nose K, Nose S, Haxhija EQ, Koga H, Feng Y, Teitelbaum DH. Decline in intestinal mucosal IL-10 expression and decreased intestinal barrier function in a mouse model of total parenteral nutrition. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 294:G139-47. [PMID: 17991705 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00386.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Loss of intestinal epithelial barrier function (EBF) is a major problem associated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administration. We have previously identified intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL)-derived interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) as a contributing factor to this barrier loss. The objective was to determine whether other IEL-derived cytokines may also contribute to intestinal epithelial barrier breakdown. C57BL6J male mice received TPN or enteral nutrition (control) for 7 days. IEL-derived interleukin-10 (IL-10) was then measured. A significant decline in IEL-derived IL-10 expression was seen with TPN administration, a cytokine that has been shown in vitro to maintain tight junction integrity. We hypothesized that this change in IEL-derived IL-10 expression could contribute to TPN-associated barrier loss. An additional group of mice was given exogenous recombinant IL-10. Ussing chamber experiments showed that EBF markedly declined in the TPN group. TPN resulted in a significant decrease of IEL-derived IL-10 expression. The expression of several tight junction molecules also decreased with TPN administration. Exogenous IL-10 administration in TPN mice significantly attenuated the TPN-associated decline in zonula occludens (ZO)-1, E-cadherin, and occludin expression, as well as a loss of intestinal barrier function. TPN administration led to a marked decline in IEL-derived IL-10 expression. This decline was coincident with a loss of intestinal EBF. As the decline was partially attenuated with the administration of exogenous IL-10, our findings suggest that loss of IL-10 may be a contributing mechanism to TPN-associated epithelial barrier loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0245, USA
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