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Duspara K, Sikora R, Petrovic A, Kuna Roguljic L, Matic A, Kralik K, Roguljic H, Kizivat T, Duspara M, Igrec D, Bojanic K, Smolic R, Vcev A, Wyszyńska M, Wu GY, Smolic M. Changes in Dickkopf-1, but Not Sclerostin, in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Are Associated with Peroral Statin Treatment in Patients with Periodontitis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:508. [PMID: 38541234 PMCID: PMC10972349 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2025]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Periodontitis is marked by the destruction of alveolar bone. Sclerostin (SOST) and dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) act as inhibitors of the Wingless-type (Wnt) signaling pathway, a key regulator of bone metabolism. Recent studies have suggested that statins play a role in bone resorption and formation by influencing Wnt signaling. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of SOST and DKK-1 in periodontal patients with and without peroral statins treatment in their therapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 79 patients with diagnosed periodontitis were divided into two groups: 39 patients on statin therapy (SP group) and 40 patients without statin therapy as a control group (P group). The periodontal clinical examination probing (pocket) depth (PD) and gingival recession (GR) were measured, and approximal plaque was detected, while vertical and horizontal bone resorption was measured using a panoramic radiograph image. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) values were calculated using PD and GR values. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected and used for measuring SOST and DKK-1 levels. A questionnaire was used to assess lifestyle habits and statin intake. Patients' medical records were used to obtain biochemical parameters. Results: There was no significant difference in sclerostin concentration between the SP and P group. DKK-1 values were significantly higher in the SP group compared to the control group (p = 0.04). Also, PD (p = 0.001) and GR (p = 0.03) were significantly higher in the SP group. The level of DKK-1 had a positive relationship with the PD, the greater the PD, the higher the level of DKK-1 (Rho = 0.350), while there was no significant association with other parameters. Conclusions: Peroral statins in periodontal patients are associated with GCF levels of DKK-1 but not with sclerostin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Duspara
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.D.); (R.S.); (A.P.); (L.K.R.); (A.M.); (D.I.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.K.); (H.R.); (T.K.)
- Public Health Scientific Institution Medical Center “Dr. Mustafa Sehovic”, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Renata Sikora
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.D.); (R.S.); (A.P.); (L.K.R.); (A.M.); (D.I.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.V.)
- Health Center Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Petrovic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.D.); (R.S.); (A.P.); (L.K.R.); (A.M.); (D.I.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Lucija Kuna Roguljic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.D.); (R.S.); (A.P.); (L.K.R.); (A.M.); (D.I.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Anita Matic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.D.); (R.S.); (A.P.); (L.K.R.); (A.M.); (D.I.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Kristina Kralik
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.K.); (H.R.); (T.K.)
| | - Hrvoje Roguljic
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.K.); (H.R.); (T.K.)
| | - Tomislav Kizivat
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.K.); (H.R.); (T.K.)
- University Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Duspara
- Public Health Scientific Institution Medical Center “Dr. Mustafa Sehovic”, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Dunja Igrec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.D.); (R.S.); (A.P.); (L.K.R.); (A.M.); (D.I.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Kristina Bojanic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.D.); (R.S.); (A.P.); (L.K.R.); (A.M.); (D.I.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.K.); (H.R.); (T.K.)
- Health Center Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Smolic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.D.); (R.S.); (A.P.); (L.K.R.); (A.M.); (D.I.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Aleksandar Vcev
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.D.); (R.S.); (A.P.); (L.K.R.); (A.M.); (D.I.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Magdalena Wyszyńska
- Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - George Y. Wu
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA;
| | - Martina Smolic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (K.D.); (R.S.); (A.P.); (L.K.R.); (A.M.); (D.I.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.V.)
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Zainal MH, Hidayat FH, Al Bayaty FH. The impact of vitamin D on clinical parameters and bone turnover biomarkers in ligature-induced periodontitis: An experimental study in rats. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:975-980. [PMID: 38107036 PMCID: PMC10724351 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives and Background Vitamin D has been associated with an increased risk of tooth loss and the severity of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the clinical, radiographic, and serum level changes of bone turnover biomarkers in ligature-induced periodontitis. Methods A total of 28 rats were included in this study and divided into test groups: Vitamin D supplement (VS), Vitamin D deficient (VD), and control (CG). Ligature-induced periodontal tissue destruction was performed and kept for 21 days. Clinical attachment and radiographic changes were recorded, and serum samples were tested for Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), Sclerostin (SOST), and Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) on the initial and final day of the study. Results Groups that were made VD exhibited a more significant amount of clinical attachment loss (1.05 ± 0.50 mm) compared to the CG (0.83 ± 0.14 mm) and VS group (0.60 ± 0.13 mm), showing significant differences (p < 0.05). The radiographic alveolar bone loss amount was greater in the VD group compared to the other groups. For serum level assessment, the VD groups also exhibited a statistically significant reduction in the levels of OPG. They showed higher concentrations of DKK1, SOST, and FGF23 than other groups, with significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results revealed that Vitamin D may play a role in the progression of periodontal disease. It was found to affect both clinical parameters and bone turnover biomarkers, suggesting its potential impact on the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hilmi Zainal
- Centre of Study Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
| | - Faizal Hafez Hidayat
- Centre of Study Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
| | - Fouad H. Al Bayaty
- Centre of Study Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
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Littlewood SJ, Dalci O, Dolce C, Holliday LS, Naraghi S. Orthodontic retention: what's on the horizon? Br Dent J 2021; 230:760-764. [PMID: 34117435 PMCID: PMC8193167 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic retention remains one of the great challenges in orthodontics. In this article, we discuss what is on the horizon to help address this challenge, including biological approaches to reduce relapse, treating patients without using retainers, technological developments, personalised medicine and the impact of COVID-19 on approaches to orthodontic retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Littlewood
- Consultant Orthodontist, Department of Orthodontics, St Luke's Hospital, Bradford, UK.
| | - Oyku Dalci
- Senior Lecturer, Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Calogero Dolce
- Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - L Shannon Holliday
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sasan Naraghi
- Consultant Orthodontist, Orthodontic Clinic, Public Dental Health, Växjö, Sweden
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Interactions between Sclerostin and Glycosaminoglycans. Glycoconj J 2019; 37:119-128. [PMID: 31828567 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sclerostin (SOST) is a glycoprotein having many important functions in the regulation of bone formation as a key negative regulator of Wnt signaling in bone. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which allows for a direct quantitative analysis of the label-free molecular interactions in real-time, has been widely used for the biophysical characterization of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-protein interactions. In the present study, we report kinetics, structural analysis and the effects of physiological conditions (e.g., salt concentrations, Ca2+ and Zn2+concentrations) on the interactions between GAGs and recombinant human (rh) and recombinant mouse (rm) SOST using SPR. SPR results revealed that both SOSTs bind heparin with high affinity (rhSOST-heparin, KD~36 nM and rmSOST-heparin, KD~77 nM) and the shortest oligosaccharide of heparin that effectively competes with full size heparin for SOST binding is octadecasaccharide (18mer). This heparin binding protein also interacts with other highly sulfated GAGs including, disulfated-dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate E. In addition, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to characterize the structure of sulfated GAGs that bound to SOST.
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