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Kalinowski D, Bogus-Nowakowska K, Kozłowska A, Równiak M. Expression of Calbindin, a Marker of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Neurons, Is Reduced in the Amygdala of Oestrogen Receptor β-Deficient Female Mice. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071760. [PMID: 35407369 PMCID: PMC8999607 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) knock-out female mice display increased anxiety and decreased threshold for synaptic plasticity induction in the basolateral amygdala. This may suggest that the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory system is altered. Therefore, the immunoreactivity of main GABAergic markers-i.e., calbindin, parvalbumin, calretinin, somatostatin, α1 subunit-containing GABAA receptor and vesicular GABA transporter-were compared in the six subregions (LA, BL, BM, ME, CE and CO) of the amygdala of adult female wild-type and ERβ knock-out mice using immunohistochemistry and quantitative methods. The influence of ERβ knock-out on neuronal loss and glia was also elucidated using pan-neuronal and astrocyte markers. The results show severe neuronal deficits in all main amygdala regions in ERβ knock-out mice accompanied by astroglia overexpression only in the medial, basomedial and cortical nuclei and a decrease in calbindin-expressing neurons (CB+) in the amygdala in ERβ knock-out mice compared with controls, while other markers of the GABAergic system remain unchanged. Concluding, the lack of ERβ led to failure in the structural integrity of the CB+ subpopulation, reducing interneuron firing and resulting in a disinhibitory effect over pyramidal function. This fear-promoting excitatory/inhibitory alteration may lead to the increased anxiety observed in these mice. The impact of neuronal deficits and astroglia overexpression on the amygdala functions remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kalinowski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.B.-N.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-89-523-4301
| | - Krystyna Bogus-Nowakowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.B.-N.); (M.R.)
| | - Anna Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Maciej Równiak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.B.-N.); (M.R.)
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Spinal Excitatory Dynorphinergic Interneurons Contribute to Burn Injury-Induced Nociception Mediated by Phosphorylated Histone 3 at Serine 10 in Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052297. [PMID: 33669046 PMCID: PMC7956488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphorylation of serine 10 in histone 3 (p-S10H3) has recently been demonstrated to participate in spinal nociceptive processing. However, superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons involved in p-S10H3-mediated nociception have not been fully characterized. In the present work, we combined immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization with the retrograde labeling of projection neurons to reveal the subset of dorsal horn neurons presenting an elevated level of p-S10H3 in response to noxious heat (60 °C), causing burn injury. Projection neurons only represented a small percentage (5%) of p-S10H3-positive cells, while the greater part of them belonged to excitatory SDH interneurons. The combined immunolabeling of p-S10H3 with markers of already established interneuronal classes of the SDH revealed that the largest subset of neurons with burn injury-induced p-S10H3 expression was dynorphin immunopositive in mice. Furthermore, the majority of p-S10H3-expressing dynorphinergic neurons proved to be excitatory, as they lacked Pax-2 and showed Lmx1b-immunopositivity. Thus, we showed that neurochemically heterogeneous SDH neurons exhibit the upregulation of p-S10H3 shortly after noxious heat-induced burn injury and consequential tissue damage, and that a dedicated subset of excitatory dynorphinergic neurons is likely a key player in the development of central sensitization via the p-S10H3 mediated pathway.
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Ali F, Baringer SL, Neal A, Choi EY, Kwan AC. Parvalbumin-Positive Neuron Loss and Amyloid-β Deposits in the Frontal Cortex of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:1323-1339. [PMID: 31743995 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has several hallmark features including amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposits and neuronal loss. Here, we characterized Aβ plaque aggregation and parvalbumin-positive (PV) GABAergic neurons in 6-9-month-old 5xFAD mice harboring mutations associated with familial AD. We used immunofluorescence staining to compare three regions in the frontal cortex-prelimbic (PrL), cingulate (Cg, including Cg1 and Cg2), and secondary motor (M2) cortices-along with primary somatosensory (S1) cortex. We quantified the density of Aβ plaques, which showed significant laminar and regional vulnerability. There were more plaques of larger sizes in deep layers compared to superficial layers. Total plaque burden was higher in frontal regions compared to S1. We also found layer- and region-specific differences across genotype in the density of PV interneurons. PV neuron density was lower in 5xFAD mice than wild-type, particularly in deep layers of frontal regions, with Cg (-50%) and M2 (-39%) exhibiting the largest reduction. Using in vivo two-photon imaging, we longitudinally visualized the loss of frontal cortical PV neurons across four weeks in the AD mouse model. Overall, these results provide information about Aβ deposits and PV neuron density in a widely used mouse model for AD, implicating deep layers of frontal cortical regions as being especially vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Arianna Neal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Esther Y Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alex C Kwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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McCosh RB, Lopez JA, Szeligo BM, Bedenbaugh MN, Hileman SM, Coolen LM, Lehman MN, Goodman RL. Evidence that Nitric Oxide Is Critical for LH Surge Generation in Female Sheep. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa010. [PMID: 32067028 PMCID: PMC7060766 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elevated and sustained estradiol concentrations cause a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) surge that is necessary for ovulation. In sheep, several different neural systems have been implicated in this stimulatory action of estradiol and this study focused on somatostatin (SST) neurons in the ventral lateral region of the ventral medial nucleus (vlVMN) which express c-Fos during the surge. First, we determined if increased activity of SST neurons could be related to elevated GnRH secretion by assessing SST synapses onto GnRH neurons and neurons coexpressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B, dynorphin (KNDy). We found that the percentage of preoptic area GnRH neurons that receive SST input increased during the surge compared with other phases of the cycle. However, since SST is generally inhibitory, and pharmacological manipulation of SST signaling did not alter the LH surge in sheep, we hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) was also produced by these neurons to account for their activation during the surge. In support of this hypothesis we found that (1) the majority of SST cells in the vlVMN (>80%) contained neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS); (2) the expression of c-Fos in dual-labeled SST-nNOS cells, but not in single-labeled cells, increased during the surge compared with other phases of the cycle; and (3) intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, completely blocked the estrogen-induced LH surge. These data support the hypothesis that the population of SST-nNOS cells in the vlVMN are a source of NO that is critical for the LH surge, and we propose that they are an important site of estradiol positive feedback in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B McCosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Justin A Lopez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Brett M Szeligo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michelle N Bedenbaugh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Stanley M Hileman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Lique M Coolen
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Michael N Lehman
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Robert L Goodman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Garcia VJ, Rushton DJ, Tom CM, Allen ND, Kemp PJ, Svendsen CN, Mattis VB. Huntington's Disease Patient-Derived Astrocytes Display Electrophysiological Impairments and Reduced Neuronal Support. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:669. [PMID: 31316341 PMCID: PMC6610155 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In Huntington’s disease (HD), while the ubiquitously expressed mutant Huntingtin (mtHTT) protein primarily compromises striatal and cortical neurons, glia also undergo disease-contributing alterations. Existing HD models using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have not extensively characterized the role of mtHTT in patient-derived astrocytes. Here physiologically mature astrocytes are generated from HD patient iPSCs. These human astrocytes exhibit hallmark HD phenotypes that occur in mouse models, including impaired inward rectifying K+ currents, lengthened spontaneous Ca2+ waves and reduced cell membrane capacitance. HD astrocytes in co-culture provided reduced support for the maturation of iPSC-derived neurons. In addition, neurons exposed to chronic glutamate stimulation are not protected by HD astrocytes. This iPSC-based HD model demonstrates the critical effects of mtHTT on human astrocytes, which not only broadens the understanding of disease susceptibility beyond cortical and striatal neurons but also increases potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica J Garcia
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David J Rushton
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Divisions of Biomedicine and Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Colton M Tom
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas D Allen
- Divisions of Biomedicine and Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Kemp
- Divisions of Biomedicine and Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Virginia B Mattis
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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