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Fontaine G, Smith M, Langmuir T, Mekki K, Ghazal H, Noad EE, Buchan J, Dubey V, Patey AM, McCleary N, Gibson E, Wilson M, Alghamyan A, Zmytrovych K, Thompson K, Crawshaw J, Grimshaw JM, Arnason T, Brehaut J, Michie S, Brouwers M, Presseau J. One size doesn't fit all: methodological reflections in conducting community-based behavioural science research to tailor COVID-19 vaccination initiatives for public health priority populations. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:784. [PMID: 38481197 PMCID: PMC10936009 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting the uptake of vaccination for infectious diseases such as COVID-19 remains a global challenge, necessitating collaborative efforts between public health units (PHUs) and communities. Applied behavioural science can play a crucial role in supporting PHUs' response by providing insights into human behaviour and informing tailored strategies to enhance vaccination uptake. Community engagement can help broaden the reach of behavioural science research by involving a more diverse range of populations and ensuring that strategies better represent the needs of specific communities. We developed and applied an approach to conducting community-based behavioural science research with ethnically and socioeconomically diverse populations to guide PHUs in tailoring their strategies to promote COVID-19 vaccination. This paper presents the community engagement methodology and the lessons learned in applying the methodology. METHODS The community engagement methodology was developed based on integrated knowledge translation (iKT) and community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles. The study involved collaboration with PHUs and local communities in Ontario, Canada to identify priority groups for COVID-19 vaccination, understand factors influencing vaccine uptake and co-design strategies tailored to each community to promote vaccination. Community engagement was conducted across three large urban regions with individuals from Eastern European communities, African, Black, and Caribbean communities and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods. RESULTS We developed and applied a seven-step methodology for conducting community-based behavioural science research: (1) aligning goals with system-level partners; (2) engaging with PHUs to understand priorities; (3) understanding community strengths and dynamics; (4) building relationships with each community; (5) establishing partnerships (community advisory groups); (6) involving community members in the research process; and (7) feeding back and interpreting research findings. Research partnerships were successfully established with members of prioritized communities, enabling recruitment of participants for theory-informed behavioural science interviews, interpretation of findings, and co-design of targeted recommendations for each PHU to improve COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Lessons learned include the importance of cultural sensitivity and awareness of sociopolitical context in tailoring community engagement, being agile to address the diverse and evolving priorities of PHUs, and building trust to achieve effective community engagement. CONCLUSION Effective community engagement in behavioural science research can lead to more inclusive and representative research. The community engagement approach developed and applied in this study acknowledges the diversity of communities, recognizes the central role of PHUs, and can help in addressing complex public health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fontaine
- Centre for Implementation Research, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | | | - Tori Langmuir
- Centre for Implementation Research, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Karim Mekki
- Ottawa Public Health, 100 Constellation Dr, Nepean, ON, K2G 6J8, Canada
| | - Hanan Ghazal
- Ottawa Public Health, 100 Constellation Dr, Nepean, ON, K2G 6J8, Canada
| | | | - Judy Buchan
- Peel Public Health, 7120 Hurontario St, Mississauga, ON, L5W 1N4, Canada
| | - Vinita Dubey
- Toronto Public Health, City Hall, 100 Queen St W, Toronto, ON, M5H 2N2, Canada
| | - Andrea M Patey
- Centre for Implementation Research, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Louise D Acton Building, 31 George St, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nicola McCleary
- Centre for Implementation Research, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Emily Gibson
- Centre for Implementation Research, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Wilson
- Centre for Implementation Research, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jacob Crawshaw
- McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Grimshaw
- Centre for Implementation Research, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Trevor Arnason
- Ottawa Public Health, 100 Constellation Dr, Nepean, ON, K2G 6J8, Canada
| | - Jamie Brehaut
- Centre for Implementation Research, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Susan Michie
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Melissa Brouwers
- Centre for Implementation Research, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Justin Presseau
- Centre for Implementation Research, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada.
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Vanier Hall, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Noone C, Warner NZ, Byrne M, Durand H, Lavoie KL, McGuire BE, McSharry J, Meade O, Morrissey E, Molloy GJ, O'Connor L, Toomey E. A scoping review of research on the determinants of adherence to social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Psychol Rev 2021; 15:350-370. [PMID: 34027798 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2021.1934062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This scoping review focused on answering key questions about the focus, quality and generalisability of the quantitative evidence on the determinants of adherence to social distancing measures in research during the first wave of COVID-19. The review included 84 studies. The majority of included studies were conducted in Western Europe and the USA. Many lacked theoretical input, were at risk for bias, and few were experimental in design. The most commonly coded domains of the TDF in the included studies were 'Environmental Context and Resources' (388 codes across 76 studies), 'Beliefs about Consequences' (34 codes across 21 studies), 'Emotion' (28 codes across 12 studies), and 'Social Influences' (26 codes across 16 studies). The least frequently coded TDF domains included 'Optimism' (not coded), 'Intentions' (coded once), 'Goals' (2 codes across 2 studies), 'Reinforcement' (3 codes across 2 studies), and 'Behavioural Regulation' (3 codes across 3 studies). Examining the focus of the included studies identified a lack of studies on potentially important determinants of adherence such as reinforcement, goal setting and self-monitoring. The quality of the included studies was variable and their generalisablity was threatened by their reliance on convenience samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Noone
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nikolett Zs Warner
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Molly Byrne
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hannah Durand
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kim L Lavoie
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal Behavioral Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM - Hôpital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Brian E McGuire
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jenny McSharry
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Oonagh Meade
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eimear Morrissey
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerard J Molloy
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laura O'Connor
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elaine Toomey
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Durand H, Bacon SL, Byrne M, Kenny E, Lavoie KL, McGuire BE, Mc Sharry J, Meade O, Mooney R, Noone C, O'Connor LL, O'Flaherty K, Molloy GJ. Identifying and addressing psychosocial determinants of adherence to physical distancing guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic - project protocol. HRB Open Res 2020; 3:58. [PMID: 33490860 PMCID: PMC7791346 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13090.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimising public health physical distancing measures has been a critical part of the global response to the spread of COVID-19. Evidence collected during the current pandemic shows that the transmission rate of the virus is significantly reduced following implementation of intensive physical distancing measures. Adherence to these recommendations has been poorer than adherence to other key transmission reduction behaviours such as handwashing. There are a complex range of reasons that are likely to predict why people do not or only partially adhere to physical distancing recommendations. In the current project we aim to address the following research questions: (1) What are the psychosocial determinants of physical distancing for the general public and for key socio-demographic sub-groups (e.g., young adults, older adults, etc.)?; (2) Do current Government of Ireland COVID-19 physical distancing communications address the determinants of physical distancing?; and (3) How can communications be optimised and tailored to sub-groups to ensure maximum adherence to guidelines? These will be addressed by conducting three work packages (WPs). In WP1, we will work closely with the iCARE international study, which includes a large online survey of public responses to measures established to reduce and slow the spread of COVID-19, including physical distancing. We will analyse Irish data, comparing it to data from other countries, to identify the key psychosocial determinants of physical distancing behaviour. This will be followed by a qualitative study to explore in depth the barriers and facilitators of physical distancing behaviour among the Irish public (WP2). In WP3, we will conduct a content analysis and evidence mapping of current government messaging around physical distancing, to ensure the findings from this research feed into the development of ongoing communication and future messaging about physical distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Durand
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, H91 EV56, Ireland
| | - Simon L. Bacon
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Hôpital Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, QC H4B 2A7, Canada
| | - Molly Byrne
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, H91 EV56, Ireland
| | - Eanna Kenny
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, H91 EV56, Ireland
| | - Kim L. Lavoie
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Hôpital Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, QC H2L 2C4, Canada
| | - Brian E. McGuire
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, H91 EV56, Ireland
| | - Jenny Mc Sharry
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, H91 EV56, Ireland
| | - Oonagh Meade
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, H91 EV56, Ireland
| | - Robert Mooney
- Communications, Department of Health, Government of Ireland, Dublin, D02 XW14, Ireland
| | - Chris Noone
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, H91 EV56, Ireland
| | - Laura L. O'Connor
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, H91 EV56, Ireland
| | - Kate O'Flaherty
- Health and Wellbeing, Department of Health, Government of Ireland, Dublin, D02 XW14, Ireland
| | - Gerard J. Molloy
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, H91 EV56, Ireland
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Noone C, Warner N, Byrne M, Durand H, Lavoie KL, McGuire BE, Mc Sharry J, Meade O, Morrissey E, Molloy G, O'Connor L, Toomey E. Investigating and evaluating evidence of the behavioural determinants of adherence to social distancing measures - A protocol for a scoping review of COVID-19 research. HRB Open Res 2020; 3:46. [PMID: 32803123 PMCID: PMC7406949 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13099.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The WHO has declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. With no vaccine currently available, using behavioural measures to reduce the spread of the virus within the population is an important tool in mitigating the effects of this pandemic. As such, social distancing measures are being implemented globally and have proven an effective tool in slowing the large-scale spread of the virus. Aim: This scoping review will focus on answering key questions about the state of the evidence on the behavioural determinants of adherence to social distancing measures in research on COVID-19. Methods: A scoping review will be conducted in accordance with guidelines for best practice. Literature searches will be conducted using online databases and grey literature sources. Databases will include Medline, Web of Science, Embase and PsycInfo, alongside relevant pre-print servers. Grey literature will be searched on Google Scholar. Screening, data extraction and quality appraisal will be conducted by members of the research team, with any discrepancies resolved by consensus discussion. Quality appraisal will be conducted using the Cochrane's ROBINS-I tool, the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist where appropriate. Results will be analysed by mapping findings onto the Theoretical Domains Framework and visualising characteristics of the included studies using EviAtlas. This scoping review is pre-registered with Open Science Framework. Conclusions The results of this study may facilitate the systematic development of behavioural interventions to increase adherence to social distancing measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Noone
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Nikolett Warner
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Molly Byrne
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Hannah Durand
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Kim L. Lavoie
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H2L 2C4, Canada
- Montreal Behavioral Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM – Hôpital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Brian E. McGuire
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Jenny Mc Sharry
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Oonagh Meade
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Eimear Morrissey
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Gerry Molloy
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Laura O'Connor
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Elaine Toomey
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
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Noone C, Warner N, Byrne M, Durand H, Lavoie KL, McGuire BE, Mc Sharry J, Meade O, Morrissey E, Molloy G, O'Connor L, Toomey E. Investigating and evaluating evidence of the behavioural determinants of adherence to social distancing measures - A protocol for a scoping review of COVID-19 research. HRB Open Res 2020; 3:46. [PMID: 32803123 PMCID: PMC7406949 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13099.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The WHO has declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. With no vaccine currently available, using behavioural measures to reduce the spread of the virus within the population is an important tool in mitigating the effects of this pandemic. As such, social distancing measures are being implemented globally and have proven an effective tool in slowing the large-scale spread of the virus. Aim: This scoping review will focus on answering key questions about the state of the evidence on the behavioural determinants of adherence to social distancing measures in research on COVID-19. Methods: A scoping review will be conducted in accordance with guidelines for best practice. Literature searches will be conducted using online databases and grey literature sources. Databases will include Medline, Web of Science, Embase and PsycInfo, alongside relevant pre-print servers. Grey literature will be searched on Google Scholar. Screening, data extraction and quality appraisal will be conducted independently by two members of the research team, with any discrepancies resolved by consensus discussion and an additional team member if needed. Quality appraisal will be conducted using the Cochrane's ROBINS-I tool, the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist where appropriate. Results will be analysed by mapping findings onto the Theoretical Domains Framework and visualising characteristics of the included studies using EviAtlas. This scoping review is pre-registered with Open Science Framework. Conclusions The results of this study may facilitate the systematic development of behavioural interventions to increase adherence to social distancing measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Noone
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Nikolett Warner
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Molly Byrne
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Hannah Durand
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Kim L. Lavoie
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H2L 2C4, Canada
- Montreal Behavioral Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM – Hôpital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Brian E. McGuire
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Jenny Mc Sharry
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Oonagh Meade
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Eimear Morrissey
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Gerry Molloy
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Laura O'Connor
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Elaine Toomey
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
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