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Pereira RAM, Sousa Valente Ribeiro PCP. Ways and means to comfort people at the end of life: how is the nurse a privileged player in this process? Palliat Care Soc Pract 2023; 17:26323524231182730. [PMID: 37456920 PMCID: PMC10345917 DOI: 10.1177/26323524231182730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Comfort is a necessity throughout life, and it is a key element in the practice of nursing care for the patient at the end of life. A particular human need and a state related to the experience and culture of the person at the end of life constitute the target of attention and nursing intervention, being a very relevant indicator of the quality of health care. This article is part of a doctoral study in the field of comfort in a palliative care unit, and these are some of the partial results that emerged. Objectives To understand the ways and means of comfort perceived by the person at the end-of-life hospitalized in a palliative care unit, their family, and health staff as well as the value of the nurse in this process. Design Qualitative study using an ethnographic approach. Methods We conducted semistructured interviews with 18 patients at the end of life and their matched significant family members (18) and 21 health professionals. We also conducted participant observation of care situations. Results/Discussion The ways and means of providing comfort are centered on strategies developed by the entire multidisciplinary team. During this whole process, one of the categories that emerged from the ethnography was the nurse as a privileged player, representing an absolutely essential role in all phases. The results revealed that nurses play a very important role in end-of-life comfort, which is based on a predisposition for end-of-life care (active listening, empathy, congruence, and biographical narrative) and focused attention (global care, attention to detail, family support, and opposition to therapeutic obstinacy). Conclusions The different ways and means of providing comfort aim to increase care, relieve, and invest in potential different forms of comfort and nurses are recognized by all those involved in this process as someone essential to providing comfort care.
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Validação psicométrica do general comfort questionnaire em renais crônicos hemodialíticos. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2020. [DOI: 10.37689/acta-ape/2020ao02585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Dixe MDACR, Frontini R, Sousa PML, Peralta TDJDA, Teixeira LFDC, Querido AIF. Dependent person in self-care: analysis of care needs. Scand J Caring Sci 2019; 34:727-735. [PMID: 31633218 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the self-care dependency levels of the dependent person at the time of home discharge and its relationship between (1) the degree of dependency of each self-care domain; (2) the previous dependency levels; and (3) the gender of the dependent person. It also aims to assess the relationship between the degree of dependency of each self-care domain, the length of admission, the length of dependency and the age of the dependent person at the time of discharge. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample comprised hospitalised adults and elderly in the medical services of a Portuguese hospital during the months of March, April and May of 2018. The data were collected by an interview conducted at the time of home discharge from the hospital medical ward. RESULTS The average age of dependent people of the sample is 80.7 years (±10.1) with the majority being women (51.7%), with no statistical difference in the mean age according to gender (U = 2205.500; p > 0.05). They were hospitalised on average 11.4 days (±33.2), most of them (44.0%) due to respiratory problems (85% of which were due to pneumonia). There were no statistically significant differences between the length of the hospital stay, the length of dependency and the participants' gender (U = 2200.500, p > 0.05; U = 1688.000, p > 0.05). Medication intake was the highest dependency domain amongst participants (41.3%), followed by instrumental activities of daily living (40.6%) and bathing (39.9%). CONCLUSION The amount of support required may vary according to the domain that the person is dependent. Thus, it is important to use a robust and reliable assessment tool that will be able to assess the degree of dependency on the various domains of self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Frontini
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Escola Superior de saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Pedro Miguel Lopes Sousa
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Escola Superior de saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ana Isabel Fernandes Querido
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Escola Superior de saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal.,Centre for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Campus 2 - Morro do Lena, Leiria, Portugal
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Dixe MDACR, da Conceição Teixeira LF, Areosa TJTCC, Frontini RC, de Jesus Almeida Peralta T, Querido AIF. Needs and skills of informal caregivers to care for a dependent person: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:255. [PMID: 31533637 PMCID: PMC6749667 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The world is facing many socio-demographic changes, such as an increased average life expectancy and the presence of chronic and non-communicable diseases, which in turn, leads to an enhanced dependency on others. Consequently, the demand for informal caregivers has significantly increased during the past few years. Caring for a dependent person is linked to a series of burdens that often leads to physical, psychological and emotional difficulties. Taking into consideration the difficulties faced by informal caregivers, knowing in which areas of functioning they need more guidance may help to relieve their burden. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to better understand the needs and competencies of the informal caregiver when caring for a dependent person in the different self-care domains. Methods This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire administered on a single occasion by face-to-face interview. Descriptive and inferential statistics alongside non-parametric statistical techniques such as the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s correlation were used. Results The average age of the 143 informal caregivers is 58 years old, with the youngest in our sample being 21 years of age. Most of them are female, and 50% of them are children taking care of one of their parents. Most of the dependent people are completely dependent in the areas of comfort and hygiene (53.8%) and medication management (55.9%). The female informal caregivers see themselves as having more competencies in sanitary hygiene than the male ones, with no significant differences in their competencies’ perception in the other areas of self-care. Older caregivers see themselves as less competent in certain areas of self-care such as feeding, mobility, transfers, medication and symptoms management and communication. Most of the information given to the informal caregiver is about the disease (82.3%) and the medication management (80.4%). There are still a lot of areas of self-care, where no information, or almost none, is given to the informal caregivers. Conclusions Before home discharge of a dependent person, it is important to acknowledge the needs and competencies of the informal caregiver, to capacitate them in looking after their relatives, to help decrease their burden and consequently, decrease the number of hospital readmissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dos Anjos Coelho Rodrigues Dixe
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Escola Superior de Saúde do instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Campus 2 - Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4137, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal. .,Escola Superior de Saúde do instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Campus 2 - Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4137, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal.
| | - Liliana Fernanda da Conceição Teixeira
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Escola Superior de Saúde do instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Campus 2 - Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4137, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Saúde do instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Campus 2 - Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4137, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Timóteo João Teixeira Camacho Coelho Areosa
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Escola Superior de Saúde do instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Campus 2 - Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4137, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Roberta Caçador Frontini
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Escola Superior de Saúde do instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Campus 2 - Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4137, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Teresa de Jesus Almeida Peralta
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Escola Superior de Saúde do instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Campus 2 - Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4137, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Rua das Olhalvas, 2410-197, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Fernandes Querido
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Escola Superior de Saúde do instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Campus 2 - Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4137, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal
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Gayoso MV, Avila MAGD, Silva TAD, Alencar RA. Comfort level of caregivers of cancer patients receiving palliative care. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2018; 26:e3029. [PMID: 30110105 PMCID: PMC6091381 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2521.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To verify the association between the level of comfort of the caregiver and
socio-demographic variables related to caregiving, and the patient’s
functional status and symptoms. Method: Cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic intentional sample. The
instruments Palliative Performance Scale (score 0 to 100%), Edmonton Symptom
Assessment Scale (symptom scores from zero to ten) and Holistic Comfort
Questionnaire (total score ranging from 49 to 294 and mean score from 1 to
6) were used. The relationship between comfort scores and independent
variables was calculated by multiple linear regression. Results: Fifty informal caregivers participated in the study - 80% were female, 32%
were 60 years old or older, 36% were children of the patient, 58% had paid
work and 60% did not have help in the care. The mean overall comfort was
4.52 points. A better functional status of the patients was associated with
higher levels of comfort of the caregivers. Older caregivers who received
helped in the care activities presented higher comfort scores. Conclusion: The level of comfort of caregivers of cancer patients receiving palliative
care was associated with socio-demographic variables and patients’
functional status and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Vitória Gayoso
- Master's student, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Scholarship holder at Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil
| | - Marla Andréia Garcia de Avila
- PhD, Professor, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Thays Antunes da Silva
- Physician, Serviço de Terapia Antálgica e Cuidados Paliativos, Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rúbia Aguiar Alencar
- PhD, Professor, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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