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Taghadomi-Saberi S, Mas Garcia S, Allah Masoumi A, Sadeghi M, Marco S. Classification of Bitter Orange Essential Oils According to Fruit Ripening Stage by Untargeted Chemical Profiling and Machine Learning. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18061922. [PMID: 29899257 PMCID: PMC6021931 DOI: 10.3390/s18061922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quality and composition of bitter orange essential oils (EOs) strongly depend on the ripening stage of the citrus fruit. The concentration of volatile compounds and consequently its organoleptic perception varies. While this can be detected by trained humans, we propose an objective approach for assessing the bitter orange from the volatile composition of their EO. The method is based on the combined use of headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) and artificial neural networks (ANN) for predictive modeling. Data obtained from the analysis of HS-GC-MS were preprocessed to select relevant peaks in the total ion chromatogram as input features for ANN. Results showed that key volatile compounds have enough predictive power to accurately classify the EO, according to their ripening stage for different applications. A sensitivity analysis detected the key compounds to identify the ripening stage. This study provides a novel strategy for the quality control of bitter orange EO without subjective methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Taghadomi-Saberi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan P.O. Box 84156-83111, Iran.
- Signal and Information Processing for Sensing Systems, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sílvia Mas Garcia
- Signal and Information Processing for Sensing Systems, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Amin Allah Masoumi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan P.O. Box 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Morteza Sadeghi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan P.O. Box 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Santiago Marco
- Signal and Information Processing for Sensing Systems, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Schipilliti L, Bonaccorsi IL, Occhiuto C, Dugo P, Mondello L. Authentication of citrus volatiles based on carbon isotope ratios. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2017.1377123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Schipilliti
- CHIBIOFARAM Dipartimento di “Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ivana Lidia Bonaccorsi
- CHIBIOFARAM Dipartimento di “Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Occhiuto
- CHIBIOFARAM Dipartimento di “Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- CHIBIOFARAM Dipartimento di “Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di “Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- CHIBIOFARAM Dipartimento di “Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di “Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Uji Y, Ozawa R, Shishido H, Taniguchi S, Takabayashi J, Akimitsu K, Gomi K. Isolation of a sesquiterpene synthase expressing in specialized epithelial cells surrounding the secretory cavities in rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 180:67-71. [PMID: 25899729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Volatile terpenoids such as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes play multiple roles in plant responses and are synthesized by terpene synthases (TPSs). We have previously isolated a partial TPS gene, RlemTPS4, that responds to microbial attack in rough lemon. In this study, we isolated a full length RlemTPS4 cDNA from rough lemon. RlemTPS4 localized in the cytosol. The recombinant RlemTPS4 protein was obtained using a prokaryotic expression system and GC-MS analysis of the terpenes produced by the RlemTPS4 enzymatic reaction determined that RlemTPS4 produces some sesquiterpenes such as δ-elemene. The RlemTPS4 gene was specifically expressed in specialized epithelial cells surrounding the oil secretory cavities in rough lemon leaf tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Uji
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Rika Ozawa
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Hodaka Shishido
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Shiduku Taniguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Junji Takabayashi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kenji Gomi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
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Satou T, Miyahara N, Murakami S, Hayashi S, Koike K. Differences in the effects of essential oil fromCitrus junosand (+)-limonene on emotional behavior in mice. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.705100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bonaccorsi I, Sciarrone D, Schipilliti L, Dugo P, Mondello L, Dugo G. Multidimensional enantio gas chromtography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-combustion-isotopic ratio mass spectrometry for the authenticity assessment of lime essential oils (C. aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka). J Chromatogr A 2011; 1226:87-95. [PMID: 22088669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the genuineness assessment of Lime oils (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka), by Multi Dimensional Gas Chromatography (MDGC) to determine the enantiomeric distribution of α-thujene, camphene, β-pinene, sabinene, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, limonene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol and by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) to determine the isotopic ratios of α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, α-terpineol, neral, geranial, β-caryophyllene, trans-α-bergamotene, germacrene B. To the author's knowledge this is the first attempt to assess the authenticity and differentiate Persian Lime from Key lime oils by GC-C-IRMS. The results of the two analytical approaches were compared. The simultaneous use of the two techniques provides more reliable capability to detect adulteration in Citrus essential oils. In fact, in some circumstance only one of the two techniques allows to discriminate adulterated or contaminated oils. In cases where only small anomalies are detected by the two techniques due to subtle adulterations, their synergic use allows to express judgments. The advantage of both techniques is the low number of components the analyst must evaluate, reducing the complexity of the data necessary to deal with. Moreover, the conventional analytical approach based on the evaluation of the whole volatile fraction can fail to reveal the quality of the oils, if the adulteration is extremely subtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168-Messina, Italy.
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Satake A, Furukawa K, Ueno T, Ukeda H, Sawamura M. MS fragment isotope ratio analysis for evaluation of citrus essential oils by HRGC-MS. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2004; 68:312-6. [PMID: 14981293 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.68.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the origin of citrus essential oils, the isotope ratio of fragment peaks on HRGC-MS of the volatile compounds from various citrus oils was measured. The MS fragment ratio was found by the ratio of fragment peak intensity, m+1/m (m/z). This ratio reflects the isotope effect of volatile compounds, that is, it provides information about locality, quality, and species for essential oils. Multivariate analysis based on the MS fragment ratio of monoterpene hydrocarbons clearly distinguished three citrus species, yuzu, lemon, and lime. The carbonyl fractions were also extracted from citrus essential oils by the sodium hydrogensulfite method. The isotope ratio of MS fragments of octanal, nonanal, and decanal was also examined. The results suggest that there was no significant difference in the individual fragment isotope ratios of the three aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Satake
- Department of Bioresources Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Japan.
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2002; 13:181-188. [PMID: 12099110 DOI: 10.1002/pca.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:545-556. [PMID: 12112761 DOI: 10.1002/jms.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Current awareness in flavour and fragrance. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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