1
|
Sun L, Zhang L, Yang K, Chen XM, Chen JM, Xiao J, Zhao HX, Ma ZY, Qi LM, Wang P. Analysis of the causes of cervical lymphadenopathy using fine-needle aspiration cytology combining cell block in Chinese patients with and without HIV infection. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:224. [PMID: 32171271 PMCID: PMC7071630 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical lymphadenopathy refers to a frequently observed clinical presentation in numerous pathological conditions. A wide spectrum of diseases can cause cervical lymphadenopathy, irrespective of the fact that the patients are infected with HIV or not. The present study focuses on validating whether the causes of cervical lymphadenopathy differ significantly in HIV and non-HIV patients by using fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) combining cell block. Methods A total of 589 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy were recruited in the FNA clinic. The samples were obtained by an auto-vacuumed syringe that benefited the sampling more materials. The cytological smears were prepared by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Gomori’s methenamine silver (GMS) and acid-fast staining. Cell blocks were made if required, and immunohistochemistry stain was performed on the cell block section. Results The study found 453 (76.9%) patients with HIV and 136 (23.1%) patients without HIV infection. The average age of HIV-infected patients was 34.8 ± 10.2 years, which was significantly lower than that of non-HIV-infected patients (42.9 ± 18.1 years) (p < 0.01). Of all patients infected with HIV, 390 (86.1%) were males. This proportion was significantly higher than that of non-HIV-infected patients [65/136 (47.8%)] (p < 0.01). The major causes of cervical lymphadenopathy in HIV positive patients were mycobacterial infection (38.4%), reactive hyperplasia (28.9%), non-specific inflammation (19.9%), and malignant lesions (4.2%). In contrast, the most common causes in HIV negative patients were reactive hyperplasia (37.5%), malignancy (20.6%), non-specific inflammation (19.1%) and mycobacterial infection (12.5%). Opportunistic infections such as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (4.2%), cryptococcosis (1.5%), Talaromyces marneffei (1.5%) and other fungi (0.4%) were found only in HIV-infected individuals. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (2.4%) was the most common malignant lesion in patients with HIV infection, followed by Kaposi’s sarcoma (0.9%) and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas (0.7%). However, the most common malignancy in non-HIV-infected patients was metastatic carcinomas (14%) including small cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinoma, which were noticeably greater than the HIV patients (p < 0.01). Conclusions There were significantly different causes of cervical lymphadenopathy in HIV infected and non-HIV infected patients. FNAC was a useful diagnostic method for differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital,Captial Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital,Captial Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital,Captial Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital,Captial Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Min Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital,Captial Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Xiao
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital,Captial Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhao
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital,Captial Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Ma
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital,Captial Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Qi
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital,Captial Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital,Captial Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mondal K, Mandal R. Cytopathological and Microbiological Profile of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in HIV-Infected Patients with Special Emphasis on Its Corroboration with CD4+ T-Cell Counts. Acta Cytol 2015; 59:156-62. [PMID: 25896853 DOI: 10.1159/000380938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was performed to evaluate various cytological patterns and acid fast bacillus (AFB) grades in HIV-infected patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis and to correlate these with each other as well as with peripheral CD4+ T-cell counts. STUDY DESIGN Ninety-two HIV-seropositive patients, cytologically diagnosed with tuberculous lymphadenitis, were evaluated. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed as an outpatient procedure. Sonographic guidance was sought for internally sited lymph nodes. Cytopathological details were assessed on routinely stained and Ziehl-Neelsen-stained smears. Appropriate AFB grades were assigned. CD4+ T-cell counts were obtained immediately. Finally, the cytopathological findings, AFB grades and CD4+ T-cell counts were corroborated with each other. RESULTS Epithelioid cell granuloma in the presence of caseation appeared to be the most frequent (66.3%) cytomorphology on aspirated smears. AFB grades 3+ (37%) and 4+ (35.9%) were the commonest patterns of bacillary involvement. The mycobacterial density and cytological features significantly correlated with CD4+ T-cell counts. CONCLUSIONS In HIV-associated tuberculous lymphadenitis, AFB grade and CD4+ T-cell counts worsen with the appearance of necrosis. Here, the peripheral CD4+ T-cell counts inversely correlated with bacillary load. Collectively, peripheral CD4+ T-cell counts, cytological findings and AFB grade exemplify the immune status in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Mondal
- Department of Pathology, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling, India
| | | |
Collapse
|