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Zhang K, Lin J, Li Y, Sun Y, Tong W, Li F, Chien LC, Yang Y, Su WC, Tian H, Fu P, Qiao F, Romeiko XX, Lin S, Luo S, Craft E. Unmasking the sky: high-resolution PM 2.5 prediction in Texas using machine learning techniques. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00659-w. [PMID: 38561475 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although PM2.5 (fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) is an air pollutant of great concern in Texas, limited regulatory monitors pose a significant challenge for decision-making and environmental studies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to predict PM2.5 concentrations at a fine spatial scale on a daily basis by using novel machine learning approaches and incorporating satellite-derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and a variety of weather and land use variables. METHODS We compiled a comprehensive dataset in Texas from 2013 to 2017, including ground-level PM2.5 concentrations from regulatory monitors; AOD values at 1-km resolution based on images retrieved from the MODIS satellite; and weather, land-use, population density, among others. We built predictive models for each year separately to estimate PM2.5 concentrations using two machine learning approaches called gradient boosted trees and random forest. We evaluated the model prediction performance using in-sample and out-of-sample validations. RESULTS Our predictive models demonstrate excellent in-sample model performance, as indicated by high R2 values generated from the gradient boosting models (0.94-0.97) and random forest models (0.81-0.90). However, the out-of-sample R2 values fall within a range of 0.52-0.75 for gradient boosting models and 0.44-0.69 for random forest models. Model performance varies slightly across years. A generally decreasing trend in predicted PM2.5 concentrations over time is observed in Eastern Texas. IMPACT STATEMENT We utilized machine learning approaches to predict PM2.5 levels in Texas. Both gradient boosting and random forest models perform well. Gradient boosting models perform slightly better than random forest models. Our models showed excellent in-sample prediction performance (R2 > 0.9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health,University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanfei Li
- Asian Demographic Research Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of International Development, Community, and Environment, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Weitian Tong
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Fangyu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lung-Chang Chien
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Yiping Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Chung Su
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hezhong Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Center for Economy, Environment, and Energy, Harrisburg University, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Fengxiang Qiao
- Innovative Transportation Research Institute, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaobo Xue Romeiko
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health,University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health,University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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High Spatiotemporal Resolution PM2.5 Concentration Estimation with Machine Learning Algorithm: A Case Study for Wildfire in California. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As an aggregate of suspended particulate matter in the air, atmospheric aerosols can affect the regional climate. With the help of satellite remote sensing technology to retrieve AOD (aerosol optical depth) on a global or regional scale, accurate estimation of PM2.5 concentration has become an important task to quantify the spatiotemporal distribution of AOD and PM2.5. However, due to the limitations of satellite platforms, sensors, and inversion algorithms, the spatiotemporal resolution of current major AOD products is still relatively low. Meanwhile, for the impact of cloud, the AOD products often have a serious data gap problem, which also objectively limits the spatiotemporal coverage of predicted PM2.5 concentration. Therefore, how to effectively improve the spatiotemporal resolution and coverage of PM2.5 concentration under the requisite accuracy is still a grand challenge. In this study, the fused high spatial-temporal resolution AOD data in our previous study were used to estimate the ground PM2.5 concentration through machine learning algorithms, the deep belief network (DBN). The PM2.5 data had spatiotemporal autocorrelation in geostatistics and followed the Gaussian kernel distribution. Hence, the autocorrelation model modified by Gaussian kernel function integrated with DBN algorithm, named Geoi-DBN, was used to estimate PM2.5 concentration. The cross-validation results showed that the Geoi-DBN (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 6.84 µg m−3) performed better than the original DBN (R2 = 0.67, RMSE = 10.46 µg m−3). The final high quality PM2.5 concentration data can be applied for urban air quality monitoring and related PM2.5 exposure risk assessment such as wildfire.
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Beloconi A, Vounatsou P. Substantial Reduction in Particulate Matter Air Pollution across Europe during 2006-2019: A Spatiotemporal Modeling Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15505-15518. [PMID: 34694135 PMCID: PMC8600664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution poses the largest environmental health risk in Europe. Particulate matter (PM) concentrations are the most harmful pollutants representing the main air quality indicator in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The air quality surveillance in Europe is based on a monitoring network that is too coarse for a comprehensive evaluation of the air pollution burden. We link raw pollutant data with remotely sensed products using Bayesian geostatistical models and for the first time estimate pan-European near-surface concentrations of both fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) particles at 1 km2 spatial resolution during 2006-2019. We evaluate the compliance with the air quality thresholds set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union (EU) and assess country-wise trends. The results show that during the last 14 years, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations declined by 36.5% (95% credible interval: 30.3, 41.9%) and 39.1% (26.6, 50.5%), respectively. The number of people exposed to PM10 levels above the WHO thresholds decreased from 78.3% (52.6, 91.8%) in 2006 to 28.4% (16.2, 43.7%) in 2019; for PM2.5, the decrease was smaller: from 91.0% (61.3, 99.1%) exposed in 2006 to 53.6% (33.5, 76.3%) in 2019. Although there is a clear improvement in the overall picture, stricter measures are needed to ensure compliance with the WHO guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Beloconi
- Swiss
Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, Petersplatz
1, Postfach, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Penelope Vounatsou
- Swiss
Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, Petersplatz
1, Postfach, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Efficient PM2.5 forecasting using geographical correlation based on integrated deep learning algorithms. Neural Comput Appl 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-021-06082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Estimation of Ultrahigh Resolution PM2.5 Mass Concentrations Based on Mie Scattering Theory by Using Landsat8 OLI Images over Pearl River Delta. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13132463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aerosol optical depth (AOD), retrieved by satellites, has been widely used to estimate ground-level PM2.5 mass concentrations, due to its advantage of large-scale spatial continuity. However, it is difficult to obtain urban-scale pollution patterns from the coarse resolution retrieval results (e.g., 1 km, 3 km, or 10 km) at present, and little research has been conducted on PM2.5 mass concentration retrieval from high resolution remote sensing data. In this study, a physical model is proposed based on Mie scattering theory to evaluate the PM2.5 mass concentrations by using Landsat8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images. First, the Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) model (which can simulate the transmission process of solar radiation in the Earth-atmosphere system and calculate the radiance at the top of the atmosphere) is used to build a lookup table to retrieve the AOD of the coast and blue bands based on the improved deep blue (DB) method. Then, the Angstrom formula is used to obtain the AOD of the green and red bands. Second, the dry near-surface AOD of four bands (coast, blue, green, red) is obtained through vertical correction and humidity correction. Third, aerosol particles are divided into four types based on the standard radiation atmosphere (SRA) model, and the optical properties of different aerosol types are analyzed to derive the volume distribution of aerosol particles. Finally, the relationship between the dry near-surface AOD of each band and the volume distribution of four aerosol particles is correlated, based on Mie scattering theory, and a physical model is established between the AOD and PM2.5 mass concentrations. Then, the distribution of PM2.5 mass concentrations is obtained. The retrieval results show that the distribution of AOD and PM2.5 at the urban scale in detail. The AOD results show that a reasonable relationship with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.66 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.1037 between Landsat8 OLI AOD and MODO4 DB AOD at 550 nm. The PM2.5 retrieval results are compared with the PM2.5 values measured by ground monitoring stations. The RMSEs for a certain day in different years, including 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020, are 11.9470 μg/m³, 11.9787 μg/m³, 7.4217 μg/m³, and 5.4723 μg/m³, respectively. The total RMSE is 10.0224 μg/m³. The ultrahigh resolution PM2.5 results can provide pollution details at the urban scale and support better decisions on urban atmospheric environmental governance.
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Kirwa K, Szpiro AA, Sheppard L, Sampson PD, Wang M, Keller JP, Young MT, Kim SY, Larson TV, Kaufman JD. Fine-Scale Air Pollution Models for Epidemiologic Research: Insights From Approaches Developed in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:113-126. [PMID: 34086258 PMCID: PMC8278964 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epidemiological studies of short- and long-term health impacts of ambient air pollutants require accurate exposure estimates. We describe the evolution in exposure assessment and assignment in air pollution epidemiology, with a focus on spatiotemporal techniques first developed to meet the needs of the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). Initially designed to capture the substantial variation in pollutant levels and potential health impacts that can occur over small spatial and temporal scales in metropolitan areas, these methods have now matured to permit fine-scale exposure characterization across the contiguous USA and can be used for understanding long- and short-term health effects of exposure across the lifespan. For context, we highlight how the MESA Air models compare to other available exposure models. RECENT FINDINGS Newer model-based exposure assessment techniques provide predictions of pollutant concentrations with fine spatial and temporal resolution. These validated models can predict concentrations of several pollutants, including particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), oxides of nitrogen, and ozone, at specific locations (such as at residential addresses) over short time intervals (such as 2 weeks) across the contiguous USA between 1980 and the present. Advances in statistical methods, incorporation of supplemental pollutant monitoring campaigns, improved geographic information systems, and integration of more complete satellite and chemical transport model outputs have contributed to the increasing validity and refined spatiotemporal spans of available models. Modern models for predicting levels of outdoor concentrations of air pollutants can explain a substantial amount of the spatiotemporal variation in observations and are being used to provide critical insights into effects of air pollutants on the prevalence, incidence, progression, and prognosis of diseases across the lifespan. Additional enhancements in model inputs and model design, such as incorporation of better traffic data, novel monitoring platforms, and deployment of machine learning techniques, will allow even further improvements in the performance of pollutant prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipruto Kirwa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Departments of Biostatistics and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul D Sampson
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joshua P Keller
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael T Young
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Timothy V Larson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Epidemiology, and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Li J, Garshick E, Hart JE, Li L, Shi L, Al-Hemoud A, Huang S, Koutrakis P. Estimation of ambient PM 2.5 in Iraq and Kuwait from 2001 to 2018 using machine learning and remote sensing. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 151:106445. [PMID: 33618328 PMCID: PMC8023768 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Iraq and Kuwait are in a region of the world known to be impacted by high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) attributable to sources that include desert dust and ambient pollution, but historically have had limited pollution monitoring networks. The inability to assess PM2.5 concentrations have limited the assessment of the health impact of these exposures, both in the native populations and previously deployed military personnel. As part of a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program health study of land-based U.S. military personnel who were previously deployed to these countries, we developed a novel approach to estimate spatially and temporarily resolved daily PM2.5 exposures 2001-2018. Since visibility is proportional to ground-level particulate matter concentrations, we were able to take advantage of extensive airport visibility data that became available as a result of regional military operations over this time period. First, we combined a random forest machine learning and a generalized additive mixed model to estimate daily high resolution (1 km × 1 km) visibility over the region using satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) and airport visibility data. The spatially and temporarily resolved visibility data were then used to estimate PM2.5 concentrations from 2001 to 2018 by converting visibility to PM2.5 using empirical relationships derived from available regional PM2.5 monitoring stations. We adjusted for spatially resolved meteorological parameters, land use variables, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and satellite-derived estimates of surface dust as a measure of sandstorm activity. Cross validation indicated good model predictive ability (R2 = 0.71), and there were considerable spatial and temporal differences in PM2.5 across the region. Annual average PM2.5 predictions for Iraq and Kuwait were 37 and 41 μg/m3, respectively, which are greater than current U.S. and WHO standards. PM2.5 concentrations in many U.S. bases and large cities (e.g. Bagdad, Balad, Kuwait city, Karbala, Najaf, and Diwaniya) had annual average PM2.5 concentrations above 45 μg/m3 with weekly averages as high as 150 μg/m3 depending on calendar year. The highest annual PM2.5 concentration for both Kuwait and Iraq were observed in 2008, followed by 2009, which was associated with extreme drought in these years. The lowest PM2.5 values were observed in 2014. On average, July had the highest concentrations, and November had the lowest values, consistent with seasonal patterns of air pollution in this region. This is the first study that estimates long-term PM2.5 exposures in Iraq and Kuwait at a high resolution based on measurements data that will allow the study of health effects and contribute to the development of regional environmental policies. The novel approach demonstrated may be used in other parts of the world with limited monitoring networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Longxiang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ali Al-Hemoud
- Crisis Decision Support Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Shaodan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA.
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Bai K, Wei Y, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Ou Y, Cohen J, Zhang Y, Peng Z, Zhang X, Chen C, Hong J, Xu H, Guang J, Lv Y, Li K, Li D. Satellite remote sensing of atmospheric particulate matter mass concentration: Advances, challenges, and perspectives. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Chen G, Li Y, Zhou Y, Shi C, Guo Y, Liu Y. The comparison of AOD-based and non-AOD prediction models for daily PM 2.5 estimation in Guangdong province, China with poor AOD coverage. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110735. [PMID: 33460631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The large amount of missing values has challenged the application of satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) in mapping surface PM2.5 concentrations. In this study, we developed a non-AOD random forest model to estimate daily concentrations of PM2.5 in Guangdong Province, China, where more than 80% of AOD data were missing. The predictive ability of the non-AOD model was compared with that of a AOD-based model. Daily ground-based measurements of PM2.5 were obtained from 148 ground-monitoring sites in Guangdong with a 60 km rectangle buffer from January 2016 to December 2018. Daily MODIS MAIAC AOD were downloaded from NASA at a resolution of approximately 1 km. Two random forest models were developed to predict ground-level PM2.5 with one included AOD as a predictor and the other one without AOD. The two random forest models were developed using the same dataset and their predictive abilities were compared. The results of 10-fold cross validation (CV) showed that the non-AOD and AOD-based random forest models yielded similar performance. The CV R2 (RMSE) for the non-AOD model in 2016-2018 were 0.82 (8.4 μg/m3), 0.81 (9.5 μg/m3) and 0.78 (9.4 μg/m3), and those for AOD-based model were 0.83 (8.2 μg/m3), 0.82 (9.2 μg/m3) and 0.80 (9.0 μg/m3), respectively. Higher consistency of estimated PM2.5 were observed in areas close to monitoring sites than those far away from sites, and in southern coastal than northern areas. As the non-AOD random forest model is not affected by AOD missingness, it can be used for epidemiological studies to estimate individual-level exposure to PM2.5 at a high resolution without spatial or temporal gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongbo Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yingxin Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Chunxiang Shi
- National Meteorological Information Center, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuewei Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Meng X, Liu C, Zhang L, Wang W, Stowell J, Kan H, Liu Y. Estimating PM 2.5 concentrations in Northeastern China with full spatiotemporal coverage, 2005-2016. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2021; 253:112203. [PMID: 34548700 PMCID: PMC8452239 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2020.112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Predicting long-term spatiotemporal characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is important in China to understand historical levels of PM2.5, to support health effects research of both long-term and short-term exposures to PM2.5, and to evaluate the efficacy of air pollution control policies. Satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) provides a unique opportunity to characterize the long-term trends of ground-level PM2.5 at high spatial resolution. However, the missing rate of AOD in Northeastern China (NEC) is very high, especially in winter, and challenges the accuracy of long-term predictions of PM2.5 if left unresolved. Using random forest algorithms, this study developed a gap-filling approach combing satellite AOD, meteorological data, land use parameters, population and visibility in the NEC during 2005-2016. The model, including all predictors, combined with a model without AOD was able to fill the gap of PM2.5 predictions caused by missing AOD at 1-km resolution. The R2 (RMSE) of the full-coverage predictions was 0.81 (18.5 μg/m3) at the daily level. Gap-filled PM2.5 predictions on days with missing AOD reduced the relative prediction error from 28% to 2.5% in winter. The leave-one-year-out-cross-validation R2 (RMSE) of the full-coverage predictions was 0.65 (16.3 μg/m3) at the monthly level, indicating relatively high accuracy of predicted historical PM2.5 concentrations. Our results suggested that AOD helped increase the reliability of historical PM2.5 prediction when ground PM2.5 measurements were unavailable, even though predictions from the AOD model only accounted for approximate 37% of the whole dataset. Predicted PM2.5 level in NEC have increased since 2005, reached its peak during 2013-2015, then saw a major decline in 2016. Our high-resolution predictions also showed a south to north gradient and many pollution hot spots in the city clusters surrounding provincial capitals, as well as within large cities. Overall, by combining predictions from the AOD model with higher accuracy and predictions from the non-AOD model to achieve full coverage, our modeling approach could produce long-term, full-coverage historical PM2.5 levels in high-latitude areas in China, despite the widespread and persistent AOD missingness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children’s Health, Shanghai 201102, China
- Correspondence to: H. Kan, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, P.O. Box 249, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China. (H. Kan)
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Correspondence to: Y. Liu, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. (Y. Liu)
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12
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Estimation of particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) concentration and its variation over urban sites in Bangladesh. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Comparison of Different Missing-Imputation Methods for MAIAC (Multiangle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction) AOD in Estimating Daily PM2.5 Levels. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12183008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The immense problem of missing satellite aerosol retrievals (Aerosol Optical Depth, (AOD)) detrimentally affects the prediction ability of ground-level PM2.5 concentrations and may lead to unavoidable biases. An appropriate missing-imputation method has not been well developed to date. This study developed a two-stage approach (AOD-imputation stage and PM2.5-prediction stage) to predict short-term PM2.5 exposure in mainland China from 2013–2018. At the AOD-imputation stage, geostatistical methods and machine learning (ML) algorithms were examined to interpolate 1 km satellite aerosol retrievals. At the PM2.5-prediction stage, the daily levels of PM2.5 were predicted at a resolution of 1 km, based on interpolated AOD and meteorological data. The statistical performances of the different interpolation methods were comprehensively compared at each stage. The original coverage of retrieved AOD was 15.46% on average. For the AOD-imputation stage, ML methods produced a higher coverage (98.64%) of AOD than geostatistical methods (21.43–87.31%). Among ML algorithms, random forest (RF) or extreme gradient boosted (XG-interpolated) AOD produced better interpolated quality (CV R2 = 0.89 and 0.85) than other algorithms (0.49–0.78), but XGBoost required only 15% of the computing time of RF. For the PM2.5 predicted stage, neither RF-AOD nor XG-AOD could guarantee higher accuracy in PM2.5 estimations (CV R2 = 0.88 (RF or XG-AOD) compared to 0.85 (original)), or more stable spatial and temporal extrapolation (spatial, (temporal) CV R2 = 0.83 (0.83), 0.82 (0.82), and 0.65 (0.61) for RF, XG, and original). For the AOD-imputation stage, the missing-filled efficiency depended more on external information, while the missing-filled accuracy relied more on model structure. For the PM2.5 predicted stage, efficient AOD interpolation (or the ability to eliminate the missing data) was a precondition for the stable spatial and temporal extrapolation, while the quality of interpolated AOD showed less significant improvements. It was found that XG-AOD is a better choice to estimate daily PM2.5 exposure in health assessments.
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Satellite Observations of PM2.5 Changes and Driving Factors Based Forecasting Over China 2000–2025. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12162518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In China, atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is a challenging environmental problem. Systematic PM2.5 measurements have started only in 2013, resulting in a lack of historical data which is a key obstacle for the analysis of long-term PM2.5 trends and forecasting the evolution over this hot region. Satellite data can provide a new approach to derive historical PM2.5 information provided that the column-integrated aerosol properties can adequately be converted to PM2.5. In this study, a recently developed formulation for the calculation of surface PM2.5 concentrations using satellite data is introduced and applied to reconstruct a PM2.5 time series over China from 2000 to 2015. The formulated model is also used to explore the PM2.5 driving factors related to anthropogenic or meteorological parameters in this historical period. The results show that the annually averaged PM2.5 over China’s polluted regions increased rapidly between 2004 and 2007 (with an average rate of 3.07 μg m−3 yr−1) to reach values of up to 61.1 μg m−3 in 2007, and decreased from 2011 to 2015 with an average rate of −2.61 μg m−3 yr−1, to reach a value of 46.9 μg m−3 in 2015. The analysis shows that the increase in PM2.5 before 2008 was mainly associated with increasing anthropogenic factors, further augmented by the effect of meteorological influences. However, the decrease in PM2.5 after 2011 is mainly attributed to the effect of pollution control measures on anthropogenic factors, whereas the effects of meteorological factors have continued to increase since 2000. The results also suggest that further reduction in anthropogenic emissions is needed to accelerate the decrease in PM2.5 concentrations to reach the target of 35 μg m−3 over major polluted areas in China before 2025.
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15
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Li L, Franklin M, Girguis M, Lurmann F, Wu J, Pavlovic N, Breton C, Gilliland F, Habre R. Spatiotemporal Imputation of MAIAC AOD Using Deep Learning with Downscaling. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2020; 237:111584. [PMID: 32158056 PMCID: PMC7063693 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols have adverse health effects and play a significant role in the climate as well. The Multiangle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) provides Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at high temporal (daily) and spatial (1 km) resolution, making it particularly useful to infer and characterize spatiotemporal variability of aerosols at a fine spatial scale for exposure assessment and health studies. However, clouds and conditions of high surface reflectance result in a significant proportion of missing MAIAC AOD. To fill these gaps, we present an imputation approach using deep learning with downscaling. Using a baseline autoencoder, we leverage residual connections in deep neural networks to boost learning and parameter sharing to reduce overfitting, and conduct bagging to reduce error variance in the imputations. Downscaled through a similar auto-encoder based deep residual network, Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) GMI Replay Simulation (M2GMI) data were introduced to the network as an important gap-filling feature that varies in space to be used for missingness imputations. Imputing weekly MAIAC AOD from 2000 to 2016 over California, a state with considerable geographic heterogeneity, our full (non-full) residual network achieved mean R2 = 0.94 (0.86) [RMSE = 0.007 (0.01)] in an independent test, showing considerably better performance than a regular neural network or non-linear generalized additive model (mean R2 = 0.78-0.81; mean RMSE = 0.013-0.015). The adjusted imputed as well as combined imputed and observed MAIAC AOD showed strong correlation with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOD (R = 0.83; R2 = 0.69, RMSE = 0.04). Our results show that we can generate reliable imputations of missing AOD through a deep learning approach, having important downstream air quality modeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianfa Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meredith Franklin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariam Girguis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jun Wu
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Carrie Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Agami S, Zucker DM, Spiegelman D. Estimation in the Cox survival regression model with covariate measurement error and a changepoint. Biom J 2020; 62:1139-1163. [PMID: 32003495 DOI: 10.1002/bimj.201800085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Cox regression model is a popular model for analyzing the relationship between a covariate vector and a survival endpoint. The standard Cox model assumes a constant covariate effect across the entire covariate domain. However, in many epidemiological and other applications, the covariate of main interest is subject to a threshold effect: a change in the slope at a certain point within the covariate domain. Often, the covariate of interest is subject to some degree of measurement error. In this paper, we study measurement error correction in the case where the threshold is known. Several bias correction methods are examined: two versions of regression calibration (RC1 and RC2, the latter of which is new), two methods based on the induced relative risk under a rare event assumption (RR1 and RR2, the latter of which is new), a maximum pseudo-partial likelihood estimator (MPPLE), and simulation-extrapolation (SIMEX). We develop the theory, present simulations comparing the methods, and illustrate their use on data concerning the relationship between chronic air pollution exposure to particulate matter PM10 and fatal myocardial infarction (Nurses Health Study (NHS)), and on data concerning the effect of a subject's long-term underlying systolic blood pressure level on the risk of cardiovascular disease death (Framingham Heart Study (FHS)). The simulations indicate that the best methods are RR2 and MPPLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Agami
- Department of Statistics, Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David M Zucker
- Department of Statistics, Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Nutrition and Global Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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17
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Estimation of PMx Concentrations from Landsat 8 OLI Images Based on a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11060646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The estimation of PMx (incl. PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations using satellite observations is of great significance for detecting environmental issues in many urban areas of north China. Recently, aerosol optical depth (AOD) data have been being used to estimate the PMx concentrations by implementing linear and/or nonlinear regression analysis methods. However, a lot of relevant research based on AOD published so far have demonstrated some limitations in estimating the spatial distribution of PMx concentrations with respect to estimation accuracy and spatial resolution. In this research, the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform is employed to obtain the band reflectance (BR) data of a large number of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) remote sensing images. Combined with the meteorological, time parameter and the latitude and longitude zone (LLZ) method proposed in this article, a new BR (band reflectance)-PMx (incl. PM10 and PM2.5) model based on a multilayer perceptron neural network is constructed for the estimation of PMx concentrations directly from Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing images. This research used Beijing, China as the test area and the conducted experiments demonstrated that the BR-PMx model achieved satisfactory performances for the PMx-concentration estimations. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the BR-PM2.5 and BR-PM10 models reached 0.795 and 0.773, respectively, and the root mean square error (RMSE) reached 20.09 μg/m3 and 31.27 μg/m3. Meanwhile, the estimation results have been compared with the results calculated by Kriging interpolation at the same time point, and the spatial distribution is consistent. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed BR-PMx model provides a new promising method for acquiring accurate PMx concentrations for various cities of China.
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18
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Reid CE, Maestas MM. Wildfire smoke exposure under climate change: impact on respiratory health of affected communities. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2019; 25:179-187. [PMID: 30461534 PMCID: PMC6743728 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we describe the current status of the literature regarding respiratory health related to wildfire smoke exposure, anticipated future impacts under a changing climate, and strategies to reduce respiratory health impacts of wildfire smoke. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings confirm associations between wildfire smoke exposure and respiratory health outcomes, with the clearest evidence for exacerbations of asthma. Although previous evidence showed a clear association between wildfire smoke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, findings from recent studies are more mixed. Current evidence in support of an association between respiratory infections and wildfire smoke exposure is also mixed. Only one study has investigated long-term respiratory health impacts of wildfire smoke, and few studies have estimated future health impacts of wildfires under likely climate change scenarios. SUMMARY Wildfire activity has been increasing over the past several decades and is likely to continue to do so as climate change progresses, which, combined with a growing population, means that population exposure to and respiratory health impacts of wildfire smoke is likely to grow in the future. More research is needed to understand which population subgroups are most vulnerable to wildfire smoke exposure and the long-term respiratory health impacts of these high pollution events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa May Maestas
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Earth Lab, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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19
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Bi J, Belle JH, Wang Y, Lyapustin AI, Wildani A, Liu Y. Impacts of snow and cloud covers on satellite-derived PM 2.5 levels. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2019; 221:665-674. [PMID: 31359889 PMCID: PMC6662717 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) has been widely employed to evaluate ground fine particle (PM2.5) levels, whereas snow/cloud covers often lead to a large proportion of non-random missing AOD values. As a result, the fully covered and unbiased PM2.5 estimates will be hard to generate. Among the current approaches to deal with the data gap issue, few have considered the cloud-AOD relationship and none of them have considered the snow-AOD relationship. This study examined the impacts of snow and cloud covers on AOD and PM2.5 and made full- coverage PM2.5 predictions by considering these impacts. To estimate missing AOD values, daily gap-filling models with snow/cloud fractions and meteorological covariates were developed using the random forest algorithm. By using these models in New York State, a daily AOD data set with a 1-km resolution was generated with a complete coverage. The "out-of-bag" R2 of the gap-filling models averaged 0.93 with an interquartile range from 0.90 to 0.95. Subsequently, a random forest-based PM2.5 prediction model with the gap-filled AOD and covariates was built to predict fully covered PM2.5 estimates. A ten-fold cross-validation for the prediction model showed a good performance with an R2 of 0.82. In the gap-filling models, the snow fraction was of higher significance to the snow season compared with the rest of the year. The prediction models fitted with/without the snow fraction also suggested the discernible changes in PM2.5 patterns, further confirming the significance of this parameter. Compared with the methods without considering snow and cloud covers, our PM2.5 prediction surfaces showed more spatial details and reflected small-scale terrain-driven PM2.5 patterns. The proposed methods can be generalized to the areas with extensive snow/cloud covers and large proportions of missing satellite AOD data for predicting PM2.5 levels with high resolutions and complete coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Bi
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica H. Belle
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yujie Wang
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Alexei I. Lyapustin
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Avani Wildani
- Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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20
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Zhang R, Di B, Luo Y, Deng X, Grieneisen ML, Wang Z, Yao G, Zhan Y. A nonparametric approach to filling gaps in satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth for estimating ambient PM 2.5 levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:998-1007. [PMID: 30248607 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) is commonly used to estimate ambient levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), though it is important to mitigate the estimation bias of PM2.5 due to gaps in satellite-retrieved AOD. A nonparametric approach with two random-forest submodels is proposed to estimate PM2.5 levels by filling gaps in satellite-retrieved AOD. This novel approach was employed to estimate the spatiotemporal distribution of daily PM2.5 levels during 2013-2015 in the Sichuan Basin of Southwest China, where the coverage rate of composite AOD retrieved by the Terra and Aqua satellites was only 11.7%. Based on the retrieved AOD and various covariates (including meteorological conditions and land use types), the first random-forest submodel (named AOD-submodel) was trained to fill the gaps in the AOD dataset, giving a cross-validation R2 of 0.95. Subsequently, the second random-forest submodel (named PM2.5-submodel) was trained to estimate the PM2.5 levels for unmonitored areas/days based on the gap-filled AOD, ground-monitored PM2.5 levels, and the covariates, and achieved a cross-validation R2 of 0.86. By comparing the complete and incomplete (i.e., without the days when AOD data were missing) estimates, we found that the monthly PM2.5 levels could be overestimated by 34.6% if the PM2.5 values coincident with AOD gaps were not considered. The newly developed approach is valuable for deriving the complete spatiotemporal distribution of daily PM2.5 from incomplete remote-sensing data, which is essential for air quality management and human exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Baofeng Di
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610200, China
| | - Yuzhou Luo
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Xunfei Deng
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Michael L Grieneisen
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Zhigao Wang
- State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Institute for Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52072, Germany; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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21
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Beloconi A, Chrysoulakis N, Lyapustin A, Utzinger J, Vounatsou P. Bayesian geostatistical modelling of PM 10 and PM 2.5 surface level concentrations in Europe using high-resolution satellite-derived products. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:57-70. [PMID: 30179765 PMCID: PMC6295977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Air quality monitoring across Europe is mainly based on in situ ground stations, which are too sparse to accurately assess the exposure effects of air pollution for the entire continent. The demand for precise predictive models that estimate gridded geophysical parameters of ambient air at high spatial resolution has rapidly grown. Here, we investigate the potential of satellite-derived products to improve particulate matter (PM) estimates. Bayesian geostatistical models addressing confounding between the spatial distribution of pollutants and remotely sensed predictors were developed to estimate yearly averages of both, fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) surface PM concentrations, at 1 km2 spatial resolution over 46 European countries. Model outcomes were compared to geostatistical, geographically weighted and land-use regression formulations. Rigorous model selection identified the Earth observation data which contribute most to pollutants' estimation. Geostatistical models outperformed the predictive ability of the frequently employed land-use regression. The resulting estimates of PM10 and PM2.5, which represent the main air quality indicators for the urban Sustainable Development Goal, indicate that in 2016, 66.2% of the European population was breathing air above the WHO air quality guidelines thresholds. Our estimates are readily available to policy makers and scientists assessing the effects of long-term exposure to pollution on human and ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Beloconi
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Penelope Vounatsou
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland.
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22
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Knibbs LD, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Bechle MJ, Brauer M, Cohen DD, Cowie CT, Dirgawati M, Guo Y, Hanigan IC, Johnston FH, Marks GB, Marshall JD, Pereira G, Jalaludin B, Heyworth JS, Morgan GG, Barnett AG. Satellite-Based Land-Use Regression for Continental-Scale Long-Term Ambient PM 2.5 Exposure Assessment in Australia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12445-12455. [PMID: 30277062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Australia has relatively diverse sources and low concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (<2.5 μm, PM2.5). Few comparable regions are available to evaluate the utility of continental-scale land-use regression (LUR) models including global geophysical estimates of PM2.5, derived by relating satellite-observed aerosol optical depth to ground-level PM2.5 ("SAT-PM2.5"). We aimed to determine the validity of such satellite-based LUR models for PM2.5 in Australia. We used global SAT-PM2.5 estimates (∼10 km grid) and local land-use predictors to develop four LUR models for year-2015 (two satellite-based, two nonsatellite-based). We evaluated model performance at 51 independent monitoring sites not used for model development. An LUR model that included the SAT-PM2.5 predictor variable (and six others) explained the most spatial variability in PM2.5 (adjusted R2 = 0.63, RMSE (μg/m3 [%]): 0.96 [14%]). Performance decreased modestly when evaluated (evaluation R2 = 0.52, RMSE: 1.15 [16%]). The evaluation R2 of the SAT-PM2.5 estimate alone was 0.26 (RMSE: 3.97 [56%]). SAT-PM2.5 estimates improved LUR model performance, while local land-use predictors increased the utility of global SAT-PM2.5 estimates, including enhanced characterization of within-city gradients. Our findings support the validity of continental-scale satellite-based LUR modeling for PM2.5 exposure assessment in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D Knibbs
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health , The University of Queensland , Herston , Queensland 4006 , Australia
- Centre for Air Pollution , Energy and Health Research , Glebe , New South Wales 2037 , Australia
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 , Canada
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 , Canada
- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory , Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Matthew J Bechle
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z3 , Canada
| | - David D Cohen
- Centre for Accelerator Science , Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Locked Bag 2001 , Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232 , Australia
| | - Christine T Cowie
- Centre for Air Pollution , Energy and Health Research , Glebe , New South Wales 2037 , Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School , The University of New South Wales , Liverpool , New South Wales 2170 , Australia
| | - Mila Dirgawati
- School of Population and Global Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Western Australia 6009 , Australia
- Environmental Engineering , Institut Teknologi Nasional , Bandung , Jawa Barat 40213 , Indonesia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Centre for Air Pollution , Energy and Health Research , Glebe , New South Wales 2037 , Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine , Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria 3004 , Australia
| | - Ivan C Hanigan
- Centre for Air Pollution , Energy and Health Research , Glebe , New South Wales 2037 , Australia
- School of Public Health , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
| | - Fay H Johnston
- Centre for Air Pollution , Energy and Health Research , Glebe , New South Wales 2037 , Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research , The University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania 7000 , Australia
| | - Guy B Marks
- Centre for Air Pollution , Energy and Health Research , Glebe , New South Wales 2037 , Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School , The University of New South Wales , Liverpool , New South Wales 2170 , Australia
| | - Julian D Marshall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Gavin Pereira
- School of Public Health , Curtin University , Bentley , Washington 6102 , Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Western Australia 6008 , Australia
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- Centre for Air Pollution , Energy and Health Research , Glebe , New South Wales 2037 , Australia
- Population Health , South Western Sydney Local Health District , Liverpool , New South Wales 2170 , Australia
| | - Jane S Heyworth
- Centre for Air Pollution , Energy and Health Research , Glebe , New South Wales 2037 , Australia
- School of Population and Global Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Western Australia 6009 , Australia
- Clean Air and Urban Landscapes Hub , National Environmental Science Programme , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Geoffrey G Morgan
- Centre for Air Pollution , Energy and Health Research , Glebe , New South Wales 2037 , Australia
- School of Public Health , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
| | - Adrian G Barnett
- School of Public Health and Social Work , Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Queensland 4059 , Australia
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Spatiotemporal Changes in PM 2.5 and Their Relationships with Land-Use and People in Hangzhou. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102192. [PMID: 30297620 PMCID: PMC6211054 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increases in the extent and level of air pollution in Chinese cities have become a major concern of the public and burden on the government. While ample literature has focused on the status, changes and causes of air pollution (particularly on PM2.5 and PM10), significantly less is known on their effects on people. In this study we used Hangzhou, China, as our testbed to assess the direct impact of PM2.5 on youth populations that are more vulnerable to pollution. We used the ground monitoring data of air quality and Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the spatiotemporal changes of PM2.5 by season in 2015. We further explored these distributions with land cover, population density and schools (kindergarten, primary school and middle school) to explore the potential impacts in seeking potential mitigation solutions. We found that the seasonal variation of PM2.5 concentration was winter > spring > autumn > summer. In Hangzhou, the percentage of land area exposed to PM2.5 > 50 µg m−3 accounted for 59.86% in winter, 56.62% in spring, 40.44% in autumn and 0% in summer, whereas these figures for PM2.5 of <35 µg m−3 were 70.01%, 5.28%, 5.17%, 4.16% in summer, winter, autumn and spring, respectively. As for land cover, forest experienced PM2.5 of 35–50 µg m−3 (i.e., lower than those of other cover types), likely due to the potential filtering and absorption function of the forests. More importantly, a quantitative index based on population-weighted exposure level (pwel) indicated that only 9.06% of the population lived in areas that met the national air quality standards. Only 1.66% (14,055) of infants and juveniles lived in areas with PM2.5 of <35 µg m−3. Considering the legacy effects of PM2.5 over the long-term, we highly recommend improving the monitoring systems for both air quality and people (i.e., their health conditions), with special attention paid to infants and juveniles.
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24
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Using Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer Aerosol Mixture Properties for Air Quality Assessment in Mongolia. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ulaanbaatar (UB), the capital city of Mongolia, has extremely poor wintertime air quality with fine particulate matter concentrations frequently exceeding 500 μg/m3, over 20 times the daily maximum guideline set by the World Health Organization. Intensive use of sulfur-rich coal for heating and cooking coupled with an atmospheric inversion amplified by the mid-continental Siberian anticyclone drive these high levels of air pollution. Ground-based air quality monitoring in Mongolia is sparse, making use of satellite observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) instrumental for characterizing air pollution in the region. We harnessed data from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) Version 23 (V23) aerosol product, which provides total column AOD and component-particle optical properties for 74 different aerosol mixtures at 4.4 km spatial resolution globally. To test the performance of the V23 product over Mongolia, we compared values of MISR AOD with spatially and temporally matched AOD from the Dalanzadgad AERONET site and find good agreement (correlation r = 0.845, and root-mean-square deviation RMSD = 0.071). Over UB, exploratory principal component analysis indicates that the 74 MISR AOD mixture profiles consisted primarily of small, spherical, non-absorbing aerosols in the wintertime, and contributions from medium and large dust particles in the summertime. Comparing several machine learning methods for relating the 74 MISR mixtures to ground-level pollutants, including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 2.5 μm ( PM 2.5 ) and 10 μm ( PM 10 ), as well as sulfur dioxide ( SO 2 ), a proxy for sulfate particles, we find that Support Vector Machine regression consistently has the highest predictive performance with median test R 2 for PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and SO 2 equal to 0.461, 0.063, and 0.508, respectively. These results indicate that the high-dimensional MISR AOD mixture set can provide reliable predictions of air pollution and can distinguish dominant particle types in the UB region.
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Characterization of Subgrid-Scale Variability in Particulate Matter with Respect to Satellite Aerosol Observations. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10040623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhou C, Chen J, Wang S. Examining the effects of socioeconomic development on fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in China's cities using spatial regression and the geographical detector technique. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:436-445. [PMID: 29156264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of extreme smog episodes in recent years has begun to present a serious threat to human health. In addition to pollutant emissions and meteorological conditions, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is also influenced by socioeconomic development. Thus, identifying the potential effects of socioeconomic development on PM2.5 variations can provide insights into particulate pollution control. This study applied spatial regression and the geographical detector technique for assessing the directions and strength of association between socioeconomic factors and PM2.5 concentrations, using data collected from 945 monitoring stations in 190 Chinese cities in 2014. The results indicated that the annual average PM2.5 concentrations is 61±20μg/m3, and cites with more than 75μg/m3 were mainly located in North China, especially in Tianjin and Hebei province. We also identified a marked seasonal variation in concentrations levels, with the highest level in winter due to coal consumption, lower temperatures, and less rainfall than in summer. Monthly variations followed a "U-shaped" pattern, with a down trend from January and an inflection point in September and then an increasing trend from October. The results of spatial regression indicated that population density, industrial structure, industrial soot (dust) emissions, and road density have a significantly positive effect on PM2.5 concentrations, with a significantly negative influence exerted only by economic growth. In addition, trade openness and electricity consumption were found to have no significant impact on PM2.5 concentrations. Using the geographical detector technique, the strength of association between the five significant drivers and PM2.5 concentrations was further analyzed. We found notable differences among the variables, with industrial soot (dust) emissions playing a greater role in the PM2.5 concentrations than the other variables. These results will be helpful in understanding the dynamics and the underlying mechanisms at work in PM2.5 concentrations in China at the city level, and thereby assisting the Chinese government in employing effective strategies to tackle pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shaojian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Wang C, Wang C, Myint SW, Wang ZH. Landscape determinants of spatio-temporal patterns of aerosol optical depth in the two most polluted metropolitans in the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:1556-1565. [PMID: 28810507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentration of atmospheric aerosols during severe urban air pollution episodes necessitates a deep understanding of the underlying determinants for a sustainable urban environment. The 15-year (2001-2015) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) data for the Phoenix and Los Angeles Metropolitan Areas were applied to examine the spatio-temporal patterns and dynamics of urban aerosols. The strongly correlated temporal trends of AOD were observed due to the similar seasonal pattern of aerosol emissions and potential synoptic connections between two areas. Relatively higher mean value and lower decreasing trend of AOD were found in the PMA. Correlations reveal that topography is the predominant factor affecting the spatial pattern of AOD, as compared to the urban land use and vegetation. The effect of urbanization on air pollution varies with preexisting landscape, which apparently alleviates aerosol concentration in the PMA. Vegetation mitigates air pollution despite its emission of fine mode aerosols. As a cross-validation, the ground-measured concentrations of particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10) were compared against AOD. The abnormal weak positive or strong negative AOD-PM2.5 associations result from the relatively small portion of anthropogenic aerosols and the changing atmospheric boundary layer height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Wang
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Chuyuan Wang
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Soe W Myint
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Zhi-Hua Wang
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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McCarthy MJ, Colna KE, El-Mezayen MM, Laureano-Rosario AE, Méndez-Lázaro P, Otis DB, Toro-Farmer G, Vega-Rodriguez M, Muller-Karger FE. Satellite Remote Sensing for Coastal Management: A Review of Successful Applications. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 60:323-339. [PMID: 28484828 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Management of coastal and marine natural resources presents a number of challenges as a growing global population and a changing climate require us to find better strategies to conserve the resources on which our health, economy, and overall well-being depend. To evaluate the status and trends in changing coastal resources over larger areas, managers in government agencies and private stakeholders around the world have increasingly turned to remote sensing technologies. A surge in collaborative and innovative efforts between resource managers, academic researchers, and industry partners is becoming increasingly vital to keep pace with evolving changes of our natural resources. Synoptic capabilities of remote sensing techniques allow assessments that are impossible to do with traditional methods. Sixty years of remote sensing research have paved the way for resource management applications, but uncertainties regarding the use of this technology have hampered its use in management fields. Here we review examples of remote sensing applications in the sectors of coral reefs, wetlands, water quality, public health, and fisheries and aquaculture that have successfully contributed to management and decision-making goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McCarthy
- Institute for Marine Remote Sensing, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn E Colna
- Institute for Marine Remote Sensing, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mezayen
- Institute for Marine Remote Sensing, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
- Aquaculture Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdiel E Laureano-Rosario
- Institute for Marine Remote Sensing, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Pablo Méndez-Lázaro
- Environmental Health Department, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, PR, 00936-5067, USA
| | - Daniel B Otis
- Institute for Marine Remote Sensing, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Gerardo Toro-Farmer
- Institute for Marine Remote Sensing, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Maria Vega-Rodriguez
- Institute for Marine Remote Sensing, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Frank E Muller-Karger
- Institute for Marine Remote Sensing, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
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Merging MODIS and Ground-Based Fine Mode Fraction of Aerosols Based on the Geostatistical Data Fusion Method. ATMOSPHERE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos8070117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jerrett M, Turner MC, Beckerman BS, Pope CA, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Serre M, Crouse D, Gapstur SM, Krewski D, Diver WR, Coogan PF, Thurston GD, Burnett RT. Comparing the Health Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter Estimated Using Ground-Based versus Remote Sensing Exposure Estimates. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:552-559. [PMID: 27611476 PMCID: PMC5382001 DOI: 10.1289/ehp575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote sensing (RS) is increasingly used for exposure assessment in epidemiological and burden of disease studies, including those investigating whether chronic exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with mortality. OBJECTIVES We compared relative risk estimates of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system for PM2.5 modeled from RS with that for PM2.5 modeled using ground-level information. METHODS We geocoded the baseline residence of 668,629 American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) cohort participants followed from 1982 to 2004 and assigned PM2.5 levels to all participants using seven different exposure models. Most of the exposure models were averaged for the years 2002-2004, and one RS estimate was for a longer, contemporaneous period. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate relative risks (RRs) for the association of PM2.5 with circulatory mortality and ischemic heart disease. RESULTS Estimates of mortality risk differed among exposure models. The smallest relative risk was observed for the RS estimates that excluded ground-based monitors for circulatory deaths [RR = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.04 per 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5]. The largest relative risk was observed for the land-use regression model that included traffic information (RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.17 per 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5). CONCLUSIONS We found significant associations between PM2.5 and mortality in every model; however, relative risks estimated from exposure models using ground-based information were generally larger than those estimated using RS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jerrett
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle C. Turner
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo S. Beckerman
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Public Health Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - C. Arden Pope
- Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Randall V. Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marc Serre
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dan Crouse
- Department of Sociology, New Brunswick Institute of Research, Data and Training, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Susan M. Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - W. Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Patricia F. Coogan
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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A Review on Predicting Ground PM2.5 Concentration Using Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth. ATMOSPHERE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos7100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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32
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Wang ZB, Fang CL. Spatial-temporal characteristics and determinants of PM2.5 in the Bohai Rim Urban Agglomeration. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 148:148-162. [PMID: 26802272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution of China has become a global concern and has great impact on air quality and human health. This paper adopts the PM2.5 concentration data obtained from 241 newly located observation points in the Bohai Rim Urban Agglomeration (BRUA), as well as economic, urban and industrial working population data in the study area, revealing the spatio-temporal distribution of PM2.5 and its determinants with the help of a spatial data model. The results indicate that: 1) The BRUA was the core area of PM2.5 pollution in China in 2014, the average PM2.5 concentration of which reached 74 μg/m(3), which is 13 μg/m(3) higher than the country average (61 μg/m(3)); 2) The PM2.5 concentration distribution had a characteristic of high in winter and autumn but low in spring and summer, presenting a U-shaped monthly profile and a U-impulse type daily profile; 3) The urban PM2.5 concentrations showed obvious spatial variation and agglomeration. The highest hot-spot was observed in spring, while the lowest was in summer. High concentration cities were mainly located in southern Hebei and western Shandong, and low concentration cities were in the coastal area around the Bohai Sea and the mountainous areas in northern Hebei. High hot-spot areas demonstrated an M-shaped change, with two cycles of advance and retreat from west to east. 4) The Geographically weighted regression (GWR) model shows that the GDP per capita, urbanization rate and construction of the cities were closely related to PM2.5 concentrations in the BRUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-bo Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Chuang-lin Fang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Meng X, Fu Q, Ma Z, Chen L, Zou B, Zhang Y, Xue W, Wang J, Wang D, Kan H, Liu Y. Estimating ground-level PM(10) in a Chinese city by combining satellite data, meteorological information and a land use regression model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:177-184. [PMID: 26499934 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of exposure assessment model is the key component for epidemiological studies concerning air pollution, but the evidence from China is limited. Therefore, a linear mixed effects (LME) model was established in this study in a Chinese metropolis by incorporating aerosol optical depth (AOD), meteorological information and the land use regression (LUR) model to predict ground PM10 levels on high spatiotemporal resolution. The cross validation (CV) R(2) and the RMSE of the LME model were 0.87 and 19.2 μg/m(3), respectively. The relative prediction error (RPE) of daily and annual mean predicted PM10 concentrations were 19.1% and 7.5%, respectively. This study was the first attempt in China to estimate both short-term and long-term variation of PM10 levels with high spatial resolution in a Chinese metropolis with the LME model. The results suggested that the LME model could provide exposure assessment for short-term and long-term epidemiological studies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Xue
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Jinnan Wang
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Lary DJ, Lary T, Sattler B. Using Machine Learning to Estimate Global PM2.5 for Environmental Health Studies. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2015; 9:41-52. [PMID: 26005352 PMCID: PMC4431482 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s15664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing awareness of health impacts of particulate matter, there is a growing need to comprehend the spatial and temporal variations of the global abundance of ground-level airborne particulate matter (PM2.5). Here we use a suite of remote sensing and meteorological data products together with ground based observations of PM2.5 from 8,329 measurement sites in 55 countries taken between 1997 and 2014 to train a machine learning algorithm to estimate the daily distributions of PM2.5 from 1997 to the present. We demonstrate that the new PM2.5 data product can reliably represent global observations of PM2.5 for epidemiological studies. An analysis of Baltimore schizophrenia emergency room admissions is presented in terms of the levels of ambient pollution. PM2.5 appears to have an impact on some aspects of mental health.
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Lary DJ, Faruque FS, Malakar N, Moore A, Roscoe B, Adams ZL, Eggelston Y. Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5). GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2014; 8:S611-30. [PMID: 25599634 PMCID: PMC10187881 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2014.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing awareness of the health impacts of particulate matter, there is a growing need to comprehend the spatial and temporal variations of the global abundance of ground level airborne particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less (PM2.5). Here we use a suite of remote sensing and meteorological data products together with ground-based observations of particulate matter from 8,329 measurement sites in 55 countries taken 1997-2014 to train a machine-learning algorithm to estimate the daily distributions of PM2.5 from 1997 to the present. In this first paper of a series, we present the methodology and global average results from this period and demonstrate that the new PM2.5 data product can reliably represent global observations of PM2.5 for epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lary
- Hanson Center for Space Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas.
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Philip S, Martin RV, van Donkelaar A, Lo JWH, Wang Y, Chen D, Zhang L, Kasibhatla P, Wang S, Zhang Q, Lu Z, Streets DG, Bittman S, Macdonald DJ. Global chemical composition of ambient fine particulate matter for exposure assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13060-8. [PMID: 25343705 PMCID: PMC4238642 DOI: 10.1021/es502965b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic and health impact studies are inhibited by the paucity of global, long-term measurements of the chemical composition of fine particulate matter. We inferred PM2.5 chemical composition at 0.1° × 0.1° spatial resolution for 2004-2008 by combining aerosol optical depth retrieved from the MODIS and MISR satellite instruments, with coincident profile and composition information from the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model. Evaluation of the satellite-model PM2.5 composition data set with North American in situ measurements indicated significant spatial agreement for secondary inorganic aerosol, particulate organic mass, black carbon, mineral dust, and sea salt. We found that global population-weighted PM2.5 concentrations were dominated by particulate organic mass (11.9 ± 7.3 μg/m(3)), secondary inorganic aerosol (11.1 ± 5.0 μg/m(3)), and mineral dust (11.1 ± 7.9 μg/m(3)). Secondary inorganic PM2.5 concentrations exceeded 30 μg/m(3) over East China. Sensitivity simulations suggested that population-weighted ambient PM2.5 from biofuel burning (11 μg/m(3)) could be almost as large as from fossil fuel combustion sources (17 μg/m(3)). These estimates offer information about global population exposure to the chemical components and sources of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeev Philip
- Department
of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie
University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- Phone: 19024941820. Fax: 19024945191. E-mail:
| | - Randall V. Martin
- Department
of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie
University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- Harvard-Smithsonian
Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department
of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie
University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jason Wai-Ho Lo
- Department
of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie
University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory
for Earth System Modeling, Center
for Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, State Key Joint
Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School
of Environment, and Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Prasad
S. Kasibhatla
- Nicholas
School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Siwen Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory
for Earth System Modeling, Center
for Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, State Key Joint
Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School
of Environment, and Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory
for Earth System Modeling, Center
for Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, State Key Joint
Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School
of Environment, and Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zifeng Lu
- Decision
and Information Sciences Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David G. Streets
- Decision
and Information Sciences Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Shabtai Bittman
- Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia V0M 1A2, Canada
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Yanosky JD, Paciorek CJ, Laden F, Hart JE, Puett RC, Liao D, Suh HH. Spatio-temporal modeling of particulate air pollution in the conterminous United States using geographic and meteorological predictors. Environ Health 2014; 13:63. [PMID: 25097007 PMCID: PMC4137272 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) remains an important public health concern, although it remains difficult to quantify accurately across large geographic areas with sufficiently high spatial resolution. Recent epidemiologic analyses have demonstrated the importance of spatially- and temporally-resolved exposure estimates, which show larger PM-mediated health effects as compared to nearest monitor or county-specific ambient concentrations. METHODS We developed generalized additive mixed models that describe regional and small-scale spatial and temporal gradients (and corresponding uncertainties) in monthly mass concentrations of fine (PM2.5), inhalable (PM10), and coarse mode particle mass (PM(2.5-10)) for the conterminous United States (U.S.). These models expand our previously developed models for the Northeastern and Midwestern U.S. by virtue of their larger spatial domain, their inclusion of an additional 5 years of PM data to develop predictions through 2007, and their use of refined geographic covariates for population density and point-source PM emissions. Covariate selection and model validation were performed using 10-fold cross-validation (CV). RESULTS The PM2.5 models had high predictive accuracy (CV R2=0.77 for both 1988-1998 and 1999-2007). While model performance remained strong, the predictive ability of models for PM10 (CV R2=0.58 for both 1988-1998 and 1999-2007) and PM(2.5-10) (CV R2=0.46 and 0.52 for 1988-1998 and 1999-2007, respectively) was somewhat lower. Regional variation was found in the effects of geographic and meteorological covariates. Models generally performed well in both urban and rural areas and across seasons, though predictive performance varied somewhat by region (CV R2=0.81, 0.81, 0.83, 0.72, 0.69, 0.50, and 0.60 for the Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, Southcentral, Southwest, Northwest, and Central Plains regions, respectively, for PM2.5 from 1999-2007). CONCLUSIONS Our models provide estimates of monthly-average outdoor concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and PM(2.5-10) with high spatial resolution and low bias. Thus, these models are suitable for estimating chronic exposures of populations living in the conterminous U.S. from 1988 to 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff D Yanosky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Francine Laden
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin C Puett
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Duanping Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Helen H Suh
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Yanosky JD, Paciorek CJ, Laden F, Hart JE, Puett RC, Liao D, Suh HH. Spatio-temporal modeling of particulate air pollution in the conterminous United States using geographic and meteorological predictors. Environ Health 2014. [PMID: 25097007 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069×13-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) remains an important public health concern, although it remains difficult to quantify accurately across large geographic areas with sufficiently high spatial resolution. Recent epidemiologic analyses have demonstrated the importance of spatially- and temporally-resolved exposure estimates, which show larger PM-mediated health effects as compared to nearest monitor or county-specific ambient concentrations. METHODS We developed generalized additive mixed models that describe regional and small-scale spatial and temporal gradients (and corresponding uncertainties) in monthly mass concentrations of fine (PM2.5), inhalable (PM10), and coarse mode particle mass (PM(2.5-10)) for the conterminous United States (U.S.). These models expand our previously developed models for the Northeastern and Midwestern U.S. by virtue of their larger spatial domain, their inclusion of an additional 5 years of PM data to develop predictions through 2007, and their use of refined geographic covariates for population density and point-source PM emissions. Covariate selection and model validation were performed using 10-fold cross-validation (CV). RESULTS The PM2.5 models had high predictive accuracy (CV R2=0.77 for both 1988-1998 and 1999-2007). While model performance remained strong, the predictive ability of models for PM10 (CV R2=0.58 for both 1988-1998 and 1999-2007) and PM(2.5-10) (CV R2=0.46 and 0.52 for 1988-1998 and 1999-2007, respectively) was somewhat lower. Regional variation was found in the effects of geographic and meteorological covariates. Models generally performed well in both urban and rural areas and across seasons, though predictive performance varied somewhat by region (CV R2=0.81, 0.81, 0.83, 0.72, 0.69, 0.50, and 0.60 for the Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, Southcentral, Southwest, Northwest, and Central Plains regions, respectively, for PM2.5 from 1999-2007). CONCLUSIONS Our models provide estimates of monthly-average outdoor concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and PM(2.5-10) with high spatial resolution and low bias. Thus, these models are suitable for estimating chronic exposures of populations living in the conterminous U.S. from 1988 to 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff D Yanosky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Yanosky JD, Paciorek CJ, Laden F, Hart JE, Puett RC, Liao D, Suh HH. Spatio-temporal modeling of particulate air pollution in the conterminous United States using geographic and meteorological predictors. Environ Health 2014. [PMID: 25097007 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x13-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) remains an important public health concern, although it remains difficult to quantify accurately across large geographic areas with sufficiently high spatial resolution. Recent epidemiologic analyses have demonstrated the importance of spatially- and temporally-resolved exposure estimates, which show larger PM-mediated health effects as compared to nearest monitor or county-specific ambient concentrations. METHODS We developed generalized additive mixed models that describe regional and small-scale spatial and temporal gradients (and corresponding uncertainties) in monthly mass concentrations of fine (PM2.5), inhalable (PM10), and coarse mode particle mass (PM(2.5-10)) for the conterminous United States (U.S.). These models expand our previously developed models for the Northeastern and Midwestern U.S. by virtue of their larger spatial domain, their inclusion of an additional 5 years of PM data to develop predictions through 2007, and their use of refined geographic covariates for population density and point-source PM emissions. Covariate selection and model validation were performed using 10-fold cross-validation (CV). RESULTS The PM2.5 models had high predictive accuracy (CV R2=0.77 for both 1988-1998 and 1999-2007). While model performance remained strong, the predictive ability of models for PM10 (CV R2=0.58 for both 1988-1998 and 1999-2007) and PM(2.5-10) (CV R2=0.46 and 0.52 for 1988-1998 and 1999-2007, respectively) was somewhat lower. Regional variation was found in the effects of geographic and meteorological covariates. Models generally performed well in both urban and rural areas and across seasons, though predictive performance varied somewhat by region (CV R2=0.81, 0.81, 0.83, 0.72, 0.69, 0.50, and 0.60 for the Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, Southcentral, Southwest, Northwest, and Central Plains regions, respectively, for PM2.5 from 1999-2007). CONCLUSIONS Our models provide estimates of monthly-average outdoor concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and PM(2.5-10) with high spatial resolution and low bias. Thus, these models are suitable for estimating chronic exposures of populations living in the conterminous U.S. from 1988 to 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff D Yanosky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Chang HH, Hu X, Liu Y. Calibrating MODIS aerosol optical depth for predicting daily PM2.5 concentrations via statistical downscaling. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2014; 24:398-404. [PMID: 24368510 PMCID: PMC4065210 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2013.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in the use of satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) to estimate ambient concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter). With their broad spatial coverage, satellite data can increase the spatial-temporal availability of air quality data beyond ground monitoring measurements and potentially improve exposure assessment for population-based health studies. This paper describes a statistical downscaling approach that brings together (1) recent advances in PM2.5 land use regression models utilizing AOD and (2) statistical data fusion techniques for combining air quality data sets that have different spatial resolutions. Statistical downscaling assumes the associations between AOD and PM2.5 concentrations to be spatially and temporally dependent and offers two key advantages. First, it enables us to use gridded AOD data to predict PM2.5 concentrations at spatial point locations. Second, the unified hierarchical framework provides straightforward uncertainty quantification in the predicted PM2.5 concentrations. The proposed methodology is applied to a data set of daily AOD values in southeastern United States during the period 2003-2005. Via cross-validation experiments, our model had an out-of-sample prediction R(2) of 0.78 and a root mean-squared error (RMSE) of 3.61 μg/m(3) between observed and predicted daily PM2.5 concentrations. This corresponds to a 10% decrease in RMSE compared with the same land use regression model without AOD as a predictor. Prediction performances of spatial-temporal interpolations to locations and on days without monitoring PM2.5 measurements were also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard H. Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xuefei Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Lai HK, Tsang H, Thach TQ, Wong CM. Health impact assessment of exposure to fine particulate matter based on satellite and meteorological information. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:239-46. [PMID: 24305699 PMCID: PMC4630861 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution in China, especially in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, has drastically increased in recent years. We modelled annual mean ground-level PM2.5 concentrations based on worldwide satellite information and meteorological data from 40 cities outside the PRD. The model of PM2.5 concentration (R = 0.845) was best explained by aerosol optical thickness (43.8%). We validated the spatial-temporal dimensions of the model and estimated that the annual mean PM2.5 concentration in PRD ranged between 22 and 65 μg m(-3). Then we used meta-analysis to obtain the pooled excess risks of mortality in China and assessed the health impacts. We found an inverse association between short-term excess risks of mortality and annual mean PM2.5 concentrations. Based on the above models and analyses, the associated excess deaths for all-cause and cardiopulmonary diseases were 3386 and 2639 respectively. The corresponding risk-standardized excess death rates were 2006 and 1069 per million people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Kan Lai
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Oleson JJ, Kumar N, Smith BJ. Spatiotemporal modeling of irregularly spaced Aerosol Optical Depth data. ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS 2013; 20:297-314. [PMID: 24470786 PMCID: PMC3901316 DOI: 10.1007/s10651-012-0221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Many advancements have been introduced to tackle spatial and temporal structures in data. When the spatial and/or temporal domains are relatively large, assumptions must be made to account for the sheer size of the data. The large data size, coupled with realities that come with observational data, make it difficult for all of these assumptions to be met. In particular, air quality data are very sparse across geographic space and time, due to a limited air pollution monitoring network. These "missing" values make it diffcult to incorporate most dimension reduction techniques developed for high-dimensional spatiotemporal data. This article examines aerosol optical depth (AOD), an indirect measure of radiative forcing, and air quality. The spatiotemporal distribution of AOD can be influenced by both natural (e.g., meteorological conditions) and anthropogenic factors (e.g., emission from industries and transport). After accounting for natural factors influencing AOD, we examine the spatiotemporal relationship in the remaining human influenced portion of AOD. The presented data cover a portion of India surrounding New Delhi from 2000 - 2006. The proposed method is demonstrated showing how it can handle the large spatiotemporal structure containing so much missing data for both meteorologic conditions and AOD over time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Oleson
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Geography, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Hu X, Waller LA, Al-Hamdan MZ, Crosson WL, Estes MG, Estes SM, Quattrochi DA, Sarnat JA, Liu Y. Estimating ground-level PM(2.5) concentrations in the southeastern U.S. using geographically weighted regression. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 121:1-10. [PMID: 23219612 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Most of currently reported models for predicting PM(2.5) concentrations from satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depth are global methods without considering local variations, which might introduce significant biases into prediction results. In this paper, a geographically weighted regression model was developed to examine the relationship among PM(2.5), aerosol optical depth, meteorological parameters, and land use information. Additionally, two meteorological datasets, North American Regional Reanalysis and North American Land Data Assimilation System, were fitted into the model separately to compare their performances. The study area is centered at the Atlanta Metro area, and data were collected from various sources for the year 2003. The results showed that the mean local R(2) of the models using North American Regional Reanalysis was 0.60 and those using North American Land Data Assimilation System reached 0.61. The root mean squared prediction error showed that the prediction accuracy was 82.7% and 83.0% for North American Regional Reanalysis and North American Land Data Assimilation System in model fitting, respectively, and 69.7% and 72.1% in cross validation. The results indicated that geographically weighted regression combined with aerosol optical depth, meteorological parameters, and land use information as the predictor variables could generate a better fit and achieve high accuracy in PM(2.5) exposure estimation, and North American Land Data Assimilation System could be used as an alternative of North American Regional Reanalysis to provide some of the meteorological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Evans J, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Burnett R, Rainham DG, Birkett NJ, Krewski D. Estimates of global mortality attributable to particulate air pollution using satellite imagery. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 120:33-42. [PMID: 22959329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies of the health effects of air pollution have traditionally relied upon ground-monitoring stations to measure ambient concentrations. Satellite derived air pollution measures offer the advantage of providing global coverage. OBJECTIVE To undertake a global assessment of mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution using remote sensing data. METHODS Global PM(2.5) exposure levels were derived from the MODIS and MISR satellite instruments. Relative risks and attributable fractions of mortality were modeled using previously developed concentration-response functions for the association between PM(2.5) and mortality. RESULTS The global fraction of adult mortality attributable to the anthropogenic component of PM(2.5) (95% CI) was 8.0% (5.3-10.5) for cardiopulmonary disease, 12.8% (5.9-18.5) for lung cancer, and 9.4% (6.6-11.8) for ischemic heart disease. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of using satellite derived pollution concentrations in assessing the population health impacts of air pollution at the global scale. This approach leads to global estimates of mortality attributable to PM(2.5) that are greater than those based on fixed site ground-level measures of urban PM(2.5), but more similar to estimates based on global chemical transport model simulations of anthropogenic PM(2.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Evans
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, 1 Stewart Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5.
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Kim M, Zhang X, Holt JB, Liu Y. Spatio-Temporal Variations in the Associations between Hourly PM 2.5 and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from MODIS Sensors on Terra and Aqua. Health (London) 2013; 5:8-13. [PMID: 26336576 DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.510a2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have explored the relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements by satellite sensors and concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5). However, relatively little is known about spatial and temporal patterns in this relationship across the contiguous United States. In this study, we investigated the relationship between US Environmental Protection Agency estimates of PM2.5 concentrations and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) AOD measurements provided by two NASA satellites (Terra and Aqua) across the contiguous United States during 2005. We found that the combined use of both satellite sensors provided more AOD coverage than the use of either satellite sensor alone, that the correlation between AOD measurements and PM2.5 concentrations varied substantially by geographic location, and that this correlation was stronger in the summer and fall than that in the winter and spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Kim
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease and Public Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA ; Department of Geography, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xingyou Zhang
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease and Public Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - James B Holt
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease and Public Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
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Lee SJ, Serre ML, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Burnett RT, Jerrett M. Comparison of geostatistical interpolation and remote sensing techniques for estimating long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 concentrations across the continental United States. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:1727-32. [PMID: 23033456 PMCID: PMC3546366 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of the adverse health effects of chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) requires accurate estimates of PM2.5 variation at fine spatial scales. Remote sensing has emerged as an important means of estimating PM2.5 exposures, but relatively few studies have compared remote-sensing estimates to those derived from monitor-based data. OBJECTIVE We evaluated and compared the predictive capabilities of remote sensing and geostatistical interpolation. METHODS We developed a space-time geostatistical kriging model to predict PM2.5 over the continental United States and compared resulting predictions to estimates derived from satellite retrievals. RESULTS The kriging estimate was more accurate for locations that were about 100 km from a monitoring station, whereas the remote sensing estimate was more accurate for locations that were > 100 km from a monitoring station. Based on this finding, we developed a hybrid map that combines the kriging and satellite-based PM2.5 estimates. CONCLUSIONS We found that for most of the populated areas of the continental United States, geostatistical interpolation produced more accurate estimates than remote sensing. The differences between the estimates resulting from the two methods, however, were relatively small. In areas with extensive monitoring networks, the interpolation may provide more accurate estimates, but in the many areas of the world without such monitoring, remote sensing can provide useful exposure estimates that perform nearly as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jae Lee
- Geospatial Development Department, Risk Management Solutions Inc., Newark, California, USA
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Anderson HR, Butland BK, van Donkelaar A, Brauer M, Strachan DP, Clayton T, van Dingenen R, Amann M, Brunekreef B, Cohen A, Dentener F, Lai C, Lamsal LN, Martin RV, One IP. Satellite-based estimates of ambient air pollution and global variations in childhood asthma prevalence. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:1333-9. [PMID: 22548921 PMCID: PMC3440118 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of ambient air pollution on global variations and trends in asthma prevalence is unclear. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to investigate community-level associations between asthma prevalence data from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and satellite-based estimates of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM₂.₅) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and modelled estimates of ozone. METHODS We assigned satellite-based estimates of PM₂.₅ and NO₂ at a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° and modeled estimates of ozone at a resolution of 1° × 1° to 183 ISAAC centers. We used center-level prevalence of severe asthma as the outcome and multilevel models to adjust for gross national income (GNI) and center- and country-level sex, climate, and population density. We examined associations (adjusting for GNI) between air pollution and asthma prevalence over time in centers with data from ISAAC Phase One (mid-1900s) and Phase Three (2001-2003). RESULTS For the 13- to 14-year age group (128 centers in 28 countries), the estimated average within-country change in center-level asthma prevalence per 100 children per 10% increase in center-level PM₂.₅ and NO₂ was -0.043 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.139, 0.053] and 0.017 (95% CI: -0.030, 0.064) respectively. For ozone the estimated change in prevalence per parts per billion by volume was -0.116 (95% CI: -0.234, 0.001). Equivalent results for the 6- to 7-year age group (83 centers in 20 countries), though slightly different, were not significantly positive. For the 13- to 14-year age group, change in center-level asthma prevalence over time per 100 children per 10% increase in PM₂.₅ from Phase One to Phase Three was -0.139 (95% CI: -0.347, 0.068). The corresponding association with ozone (per ppbV) was -0.171 (95% CI: -0.275, -0.067). CONCLUSION In contrast to reports from within-community studies of individuals exposed to traffic pollution, we did not find evidence of a positive association between ambient air pollution and asthma prevalence as measured at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ross Anderson
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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Bravo MA, Fuentes M, Zhang Y, Burr MJ, Bell ML. Comparison of exposure estimation methods for air pollutants: ambient monitoring data and regional air quality simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 116:1-10. [PMID: 22579357 PMCID: PMC3543158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Air quality modeling could potentially improve exposure estimates for use in epidemiological studies. We investigated this application of air quality modeling by estimating location-specific (point) and spatially-aggregated (county level) exposure concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM(2.5)) and ozone (O(3)) for the eastern U.S. in 2002 using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system and a traditional approach using ambient monitors. The monitoring approach produced estimates for 370 and 454 counties for PM(2.5) and O(3), respectively. Modeled estimates included 1861 counties, covering 50% more population. The population uncovered by monitors differed from those near monitors (e.g., urbanicity, race, education, age, unemployment, income, modeled pollutant levels). CMAQ overestimated O(3) (annual normalized mean bias=4.30%), while modeled PM(2.5) had an annual normalized mean bias of -2.09%, although bias varied seasonally, from 32% in November to -27% in July. Epidemiology may benefit from air quality modeling, with improved spatial and temporal resolution and the ability to study populations far from monitors that may differ from those near monitors. However, model performance varied by measure of performance, season, and location. Thus, the appropriateness of using such modeled exposures in health studies depends on the pollutant and metric of concern, acceptable level of uncertainty, population of interest, study design, and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes A Bravo
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Paciorek CJ. Combining spatial information sources while accounting for systematic errors in proxies. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9876.2011.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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