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Ali S, Majid S, Ali MN, Banday MZ, Taing S, Wani S, Almuqbil M, Alshehri S, Shamim K, Rehman MU. Immunogenetic Role of IL17A Polymorphism in the Pathogenesis of Recurrent Miscarriage. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247448. [PMID: 36556060 PMCID: PMC9785316 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine and is assumed to play an important role in fetal rejection. In order to evaluate the potential role of IL17A polymorphism in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage (RM), serum IL17A levels were estimated by ELISA. Single-nucleotide polymorphism was assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using gene-specific primers and the EcoNI restriction enzyme. Serum IL17A levels were nonsignificantly (p > 0.5) low in RM patients compared with the control group. IL17A gene amplification by PCR yielded the undigested product of 815 bp, and its digestion with EcoNI enzyme produced 815, 529, 286, and 270 bp fragments for the GG genotype; 529, 286, and 270 bp fragments for the GA genotype; and 529 and 286 bp fragments for the AA genotype. The genotype frequency between the RM and control groups exhibited a significant difference (p = 0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed between allele frequencies in the two groups (p = 0.0954). These data suggest that the IL17A gene polymorphism exhibits no significant effect on IL17A gene expression. However, it significantly decreases and increases RM risk in the homozygous and recessive models, suggesting its potential pregnancy-protecting and -harming roles in the AA and GA + GG genotypes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafat Ali
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Srinagar 190010, J&K, India
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College, Srinagar 190010, J&K, India
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College-Associated Lalla Ded Hospital, Srinagar 190008, J&K, India
| | - Sabhiya Majid
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Srinagar 190010, J&K, India
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College, Srinagar 190010, J&K, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.N.A.); (M.U.R.)
| | - Md. Niamat Ali
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.N.A.); (M.U.R.)
| | - Mujeeb Zafar Banday
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Srinagar 190010, J&K, India
| | - Shahnaz Taing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College-Associated Lalla Ded Hospital, Srinagar 190008, J&K, India
| | - Saima Wani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar 190011, J&K, India
| | - Mansour Almuqbil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Shamim
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.N.A.); (M.U.R.)
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Khantakova JN, Bulygin AS, Sennikov SV. The Regulatory-T-Cell Memory Phenotype: What We Know. Cells 2022; 11:1687. [PMID: 35626725 PMCID: PMC9139615 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In immunology, the discovery of regulatory T (Treg) cells was a major breakthrough. Treg cells play a key role in pregnancy maintenance, in the prevention of autoimmune responses, and in the control of all immune responses, including responses to self cells, cancer, infection, and a transplant. It is currently unclear whether Treg cells are capable of long-term memory of an encounter with an antigen. Although the term “immunological memory” usually means an enhanced ability to protect the body from reinfection, the memory of the suppressive activity of Treg cells helps to avoid the state of generalized immunosuppression that may result from the second activation of the immune system. In this review, we would like to discuss the concept of regulatory memory and in which tissues memory Treg cells can perform their functions.
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