Anaphylaxis after rabies vaccination for dogs in Japan

Safety evaluation of a buffer used in the lyophilization of canine platelets: type I hypersensitivity reaction in dogs caused by bovine serum albumin

Introduction

The present study was designed to evaluate the safety of substances generally used in the preparation of lyophilized platelet products (LPPs) because the possibility of an immune response to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was considered high when using previously described technology.

Methods

An intradermal skin test, followed by a drug provocation test, was conducted to observe adverse events and identify the substances responsible for an immune response. Five male beagles (2 years old) weighing 12-14 kg were used. The dogs were clinically healthy and had no history of medication use. An intradermal skin test was conducted with each substance [i.e., 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, theophylline, trehalose, and BSA] used in the conventional freeze-dry method.

Results

In the intradermal skin test, three dogs tested positive at the BSA injection site and showed clinical signs after the intradermal injection, including nausea and vomiting. For the drug provocation test, all dogs received two intravenous injections of an LPP buffer solution. The initial injection was devoid of BSA, whereas the subsequent injection contained BSA. The three dogs that had reacted to BSA in the intradermal skin test exhibited adverse events such as lethargy, vomiting, and nausea immediately after intravenous injection of the LPP buffer containing BSA. All dogs recovered uneventfully after symptomatic treatment in both tests.

Discussion

The high incidence and severity of type I hypersensitivity reactions observed in this study suggested that BSA is unsuitable as a component of canine LPP.

Anaphylaxis after vaccination for cats in Japan

Severe adverse reactions in cats after vaccination were examined from 316 cases reported to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) in Japan during 15-year period from April 2004 to March 2019. We found that 130 (41%) showed anaphylaxis, and 99 (76%) of the 130 cases of anaphylaxis resulted in death. Veterinarians should be well prepared to deal with vaccine-associated anaphylaxis in cats. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) as indicator of purification was detected at high levels in commercially available feline vaccines. BSA might derive from fetal calf serum in culture media. This study provides useful information about anaphylaxis including critical details of the potential clinical signs associated with adverse events to feline vaccination.