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Sugita K, Kin Y, Yagishita M, Ikemori F, Kumagai K, Ohara T, Kinoshita M, Nishimura K, Takagi Y, Nakajima D. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of PM2.5 collected by a high-volume air sampler with impactor. Genes Environ 2019; 41:7. [PMID: 30858898 PMCID: PMC6394043 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-019-0120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The harmful effects of fine particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on respiratory organs are emphasized in pollution studies because PM2.5 have high deposition rates in the respiratory organs and contain various hazardous compounds. In this study, a sampling method combining a high-volume air sampler (HV) with a PM2.5 impactor was developed for collecting large quantities of PM2.5. The concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), inorganic ions, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in PM2.5 collected by the high-and low-volume air samplers (LV). Results Similar results were obtained from the HV and LV methods, with respect to inorganic carbon, organic carbon, sodium ions, ammonium ions, and PAHs with more than four rings. Because of the much larger amount of PM2.5 could be collected by the HV method, the trace constituents, that were difficult to detect by the conventional LV method, were readily detected by the HV method. Furthermore, when the microsuspension method that was modified more sensitive Ames mutagenicity test, was used to test the PM2.5 samples at four sites, mutagenic activities were detected by strains TA100 and TA98. Most of the mutagenic activity was associated with the PM2.5 fraction and mutagenic activity in winter was greater than that in summer. Conclusions The HV method produced results similar to those from the conventional LV method with respect to the PM2.5 components present in the atmosphere in relatively high concentrations, but its 40-fold greater flow rate enabled the detection of mutagenic compounds present in only trace concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Sugita
- 1Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201 Japan
| | - Yuka Kin
- 1Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201 Japan
| | - Mayuko Yagishita
- 2Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Nanatsuka 5562, Syoubara, Hiroshima 727-0023 Japan
| | - Fumikazu Ikemori
- Nagoya City Institute for Environmental Sciences, 16-8,Toyoda 5-chome, Minami-ku, Nagoya, 457-0841 Japan
| | - Kimiyo Kumagai
- 4Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 378 Kamioki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0052 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ohara
- Health environment center, Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, 1-6-29, Minami-machi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima, 734-0007 Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Fukuoka City Institute for Hygiene and the Environment, 2-1-34, Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka city, 810-0065 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nishimura
- 2Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Nanatsuka 5562, Syoubara, Hiroshima 727-0023 Japan
| | - Yukihiko Takagi
- 1Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201 Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakajima
- 7National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506 Japan
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Bellingham M, Fiandanese N, Byers A, Cotinot C, Evans NP, Pocar P, Amezaga MR, Lea RG, Sinclair KD, Rhind SM, Fowler PA. Effects of Exposure to Environmental Chemicals During Pregnancy on the Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Axes. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 4:15-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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