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Han C, Li M, Li F, Wang Z, Hu X, Yang Y, Wang H, Lv S. Temporary sensory separation of lamb groups from ewes affects behaviors and serum levels of stress-related indicators of small-tailed Han lambs. Physiol Behav 2024; 277:114504. [PMID: 38408718 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Under the current meat sheep breeding system, newborn lambs usually live with their mothers until weaning, and in daily management, they often need to be separated from their ewes for a short period due to dehorning, disease treatment, etc. Such short-term separation was considered to be a high-intensity stress for the lambs. This study aimed to explore the effects of 1 h sensory separations on behaviors and the concentration of stress-related indicators of small-tailed Han lambs. Lambs were assigned to four groups: auditory, visual, and tactile separation (AVT) group; visual and tactile separation (VT) group; tactile separation (T) group; and control (C) group. Then they were separated from their mothers for one hour on postnatal days 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. Results showed the separated lambs (AVT, VT, and T groups) spent less time lying down relaxing and more time looking around, exploring, vocalizing, and attempting to escape (P < 0.05). Lambs separated by lack of tactile contact only exhibited the most escaping and moving behavior. Twin-born lambs showed less moving, escaping, and vocalizing than single-born lambs (P < 0.05). The separation also led to a rise in serum globulin levels and a decrease in tetraiodothyronine. In conclusion, this study showed that temporary 1 h ewe-lamb separations could affect behaviors and the serum levels of stress indicators of lambs. The behavioral responses were more obvious when lambs were separated by lack of tactile contact only, and in single-born lambs. It can conclude that indicated that when lambs need to be temporarily separated from ewes in daily management production, it would be better to let them stay together with their littermates, and make them avoid hearing or seeing the ewes, such management may partially reduce the separation stress, thereby improving the welfare and breeding efficiency of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengquan Han
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Fukuan Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Zhennan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Xiyi Hu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi, Shandong 276012, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China,.
| | - Shenjin Lv
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China,.
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Pereira LC, Maior RS, Barros M. Time-Dependent Changes in Cortisol and Tympanic Temperature Lateralization During Food Deprivation Stress in Marmoset Monkeys. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:123. [PMID: 32765232 PMCID: PMC7378730 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal information about food availability can be easily entrained, as in the case of fixed feeding routines of captive animals. A sudden unintentional or deliberate delay (e.g., food deprivation—FD) leads to frustration and psychological stress due to the loss of temporal predictability. How marmosets—an increasingly used small primate—process and respond to FD stress has not been previously assessed. Here we delayed the routine feeding of adult captive marmosets for 3 or 6 h. Blood cortisol concentration was used as a hormonal measure of the stress response. Changes in the left/right baseline tympanic membrane temperature (TMT) were used as an indirect ipsilateral indicator of hemisphere activity. Marmosets that were deprived for 3 h had higher cortisol levels than non-deprived controls. Cortisol concentration in the marmosets deprived for 6 h did not differ from controls possibly due to adaptative mechanisms against the detrimental effects of prolonged high cortisol levels. Interestingly, FD stress may have been processed more symmetrically at first, as indicated by the bilateral increase in TMT at the 3 h interval. As the event progressed (i.e., 6 h), a clear rightward TMT bias suggests that hemisphere activity had become asymmetrical. Therefore, the sudden loss of temporal predictability of an entrained routine feeding schedule induces time-dependent changes in the cortisol stress response and shifts in the TMT (and potentially hemisphere activity) lateralization bias of adult captive marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Pereira
- Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rafael S. Maior
- Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marilia Barros
- Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marilia Barros
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First evidence of neuronal connections between specific parts of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the rest of the brain in sheep: placing the sheep PAG in the circuit of emotion. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3297-3316. [PMID: 29869133 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a mesencephalic brain structure organised in subdivisions with specific anatomical connections with the rest of the brain. These connections support the different PAG functions and especially its role in emotion. Mainly described in territorial and predatory mammals, examination of the PAG connections suggests an opposite role of the ventral and the dorsal/lateral PAG in passive and active coping style, respectively. In mammals, the organisation of PAG connections may reflect the coping style of each species. Based on this hypothesis, we investigated the anatomical connections of the PAG in sheep, a gregarious and prey species. Since emotional responses expressed by sheep are typical of active coping style, we focused our interest on the dorsal and lateral parts of the PAG. After injection of fluorogold and fluororuby, the most numerous connections occurred with the anterior cingulate gyrus, the anterior hypothalamic region, the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and the PAG itself. Our observations show that the sheep PAG belongs to the neuronal circuit of emotion and has specific parts as in other mammals. However, unlike other mammals, we observed very few connections between PAG and either the thalamic or the amygdalar nuclei. Interestingly, when comparing across species, the PAG connections of sheep were noticeably more like those previously described in other social species, rabbits and squirrel monkeys, than those in territorial species, rats or cats.
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Ramos AT, Tufik S, Troncone LRP. Control of Stress-Induced ACTH Secretion by Vasopressin and CRH: Additional Evidence. Neuropsychobiology 2017; 73:184-90. [PMID: 27221315 DOI: 10.1159/000445480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin and CRH have complementary roles in the secretion of ACTH following different stress modalities. The concomitant use of V1b and CRF1 receptor antagonists completely inhibits ACTH secretion in response to different stress modalities. The combination of the CRF1 antagonist SSR125543 with the V1b antagonist SSR149415 effectively suppressed plasma ACTH 1.30 h after injection in rats stressed by ether vapor inhalation for 1 min, restraint stress for 1 h or forced swimming for 5 min. The duration of the effect was also studied. The CRF1 antagonist effectively suppressed ACTH secretion in restraint stress, while the V1b antagonist was effective against ether inhalation. Both antagonists were necessary to block the forced swimming stress response. SSR125543 induced a prolonged effect and can be used in a model of prolonged HPA axis blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana T Ramos
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de Sx00E3;o Paulo (UNIFESP), Sx00E3;o Paulo, Brazil
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Anderson C, Yngvesson J, Boissy A, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Lidfors L. Behavioural expression of positive anticipation for food or opportunity to play in lambs. Behav Processes 2015; 113:152-8. [PMID: 25659525 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Anticipatory behaviours may serve a useful tool in studying positive emotional states in animals. This study aimed to investigate if lambs express anticipatory behaviours for opportunities to play or a food reward and if these behaviours would differ depending on the anticipated event. Forty-two male lambs were allocated into three treatment groups (control, play, food). Play and food lambs were conditioned to anticipate play or food in a holding pen for three minutes prior to accessing a reward arena containing toy objects or concentrate, respectively. Control lambs returned to their home pen following three minutes in the holding pen. Compared to the control lambs, both play and food lambs differed in several behaviours frequencies and durations, e.g. by an increased frequency of behavioural transitions and duration of walking. Following these observations, food lambs received the toy objects when entering the reward arena. The subsequent session in the holding pen resulted in a decrease in number of behavioural transitions, time spent walking and an increase in time standing still. In conclusion, anticipating a positive event resulted in differences in behaviour compared to a control group, and these behaviours are affected when the anticipated event does not fit with the lambs' expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Anderson
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
| | - Jenny Yngvesson
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - Alain Boissy
- INRA UMR 1213 Herbivores, Research Centre of Clermont-Theix-Lyon, France
| | - Kerstin Uvnäs-Moberg
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - Lena Lidfors
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
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Bao LL, Jiang WQ, Sun FJ, Wang DX, Pan YJ, Song ZX, Wang CH, Yang J. The influence of psychological stress on arginine vasopressin concentration in the human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:361-9. [PMID: 25454843 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress is strain affecting the intangible self, caused by problems in adaptation, perception, and emotions. Previous studies have demonstrated that arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays an important role in psychological stress. The goal of present study was to investigate the interaction between AVP release and cardiovascular functions by measuring AVP concentration and recording blood pressure or heart rate during psychological stress in human. The results showed that (1) psychological stress not only increased the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, but also elevated the cortisol and AVP concentration in both plasma and CSF in a stress level-dependent manner; (2) there was a positive relationship between plasma AVP concentration and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate or plasma cortisol concentration; (3) there was also a positive relationship between AVP concentrations in plasma and CSF AVP. The data suggested that plasma AVP, which might come from the central nervous system, might influence the cardiovascular functions during psychological stress in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Le Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, 153 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Wen-Quan Jiang
- Department of Burn Reconstructive Surgery, 153 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Fang-Jie Sun
- Xinxiang Institute for New Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Da-Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Su Bei People's Hospital (Clinical College of Yangzhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Yan-Juan Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Provincial Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453000, China
| | - Chang-Hong Wang
- Henan Provincial Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Xinxiang Institute for New Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Standard Technological Co. Ltd., Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
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Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Puchalska L, Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Wsol A, Kowalewski S, Czarzasta K. The effect of blockade of the central V1 vasopressin receptors on anhedonia in chronically stressed infarcted and non-infarcted rats. Physiol Behav 2014; 135:208-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jaquiery AL, Oliver MH, Landon-Lane N, Matthews SJ, Harding JE, Bloomfield FH. Unpredictable feeding impairs glucose tolerance in growing lambs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61040. [PMID: 23613779 PMCID: PMC3628983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Irregular eating is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic disease in adults but may affect young, growing children differently. We investigated the metabolic effects of unpredictable feeding in female juvenile lambs randomly assigned to receive, for six weeks, maintenance feed given twice daily in equal portions (Control Group, C; n = 24) or the same weekly feed amount in aliquots of variable size at unpredictable times (Unpredictable Group, U; n = 21). Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT), insulin tolerance tests (ITT), and measurement of diurnal plasma cortisol concentrations were performed pre and post the dietary intervention. Groups were compared using t test and RM ANOVA. Weight gain was similar in both groups (C 18±2%; U 16±2% of initial body weight). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was unchanged in C (AUC pre 818±34, post 801±33 mmol.min.l−1), but increased by 20% in U (pre 830±25, post 1010±19 mmol.min.l−1; p<0.0001), with an inadequate insulin response to glucose load (log(AUC insulin first 40 minutes) post intervention C 1.49±0.04 vs U 1.36±0.04 ng.min.ml−1; p = 0.03). Insulin tolerance and diurnal variation of plasma cortisol concentrations were not different between groups. Unpredictable feeding impairs insulin response to glucose in growing lambs despite high quality food and normal weight gain. Irregular eating warrants investigation as a potentially remediable risk factor for disordered glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Jaquiery
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Alternative strategies for the treatment of classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia: pitfalls and promises. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2010; 2010:670960. [PMID: 20652035 PMCID: PMC2905899 DOI: 10.1155/2010/670960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of different treatment algorithms, the management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) remains clinically challenging. This is due to the inherent difficulty of suppressing adrenal androgen production using near physiological dosing of glucocorticoids (GC). As a result, alternating cycles of androgen versus GC excess can occur and may lead to short stature, obesity, virilization, and alterations in puberty. Novel therapeutic alternatives, including new and more physiological means of GC delivery, inhibitors at the level of CRH or ACTH secretion and/or action, as well as “rescue strategies”, such as GnRH analogs, anti-androgens, aromatase inhibitors, and estrogen receptor blockers, are available; many of these agents, however, still require active investigation in CAH. Bilateral adrenalectomy is effective but it is also still an experimental approach. Gene therapy and stem cells, to provide functional adrenal cortical tissue, are at preclinical stage but provide exciting avenues for a potential cure for CAH.
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