Evaluation of serum interleukin- 35 level in children with persistent asthma

Effect of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IgE on Nasal Congestion in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis

Objective Allergic rhinitis is a symptomatic nasal disease provoked by exposure of the nasal mucosa to allergens, resulting in IgE-mediated inflammation. Swelling of the nasal mucosa is caused by interstitial mucosal edema due to leakage of plasma fluid and congestion of the nasal mucosal vessels and imbibition of the perivascular space. The method for determining the cross-sectional area as a function of airway distance is known as acoustic rhinometry. By using this approach, it is possible to determine the area as a function of the distance in the airways. Methods IL and IgE levels were measured in serum and nasal lavage with enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) - Invitrogen ELISA kit. The results were expressed as optical density (OD) at 450 nm and calculated according to the OD of the standart. For our study A1 Acoustic Rhinometer, GM instruments Ltd., Kilwining, Scotland was chosen. Data analysis was performed after two measurements were taken: before and after nasal decongestion, with drops containing 0.1% Xylometazoline hydrochloride. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc.). All participants, after detailed presentation of the aims, tasks and methodology of the study and the opportunity for discussion, signed an informed consent form. Results The study was conducted on the territory of the University Hospital in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria and 111 participants, aged from 19 to 84 years, were examined. Data analysis was performed after two acoustic rhinometry measurements, respectively, before and after nasal decongestion. Conclusion The published results show that there is an inverse relationship between the degree of nasal congestion (determined by acoustic rhinometry) and the serum concentration of proinflammatory cytokines.  

Interleukin-4 can play a role in allergic rhinitis patient during treatment with Zataria multiflora

Background

Allergic rhinitis is a widespread disorder across the globe. The Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora) has been shown to have considerable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study assessed the effect of this herbal product on alterations in inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Method

This study was conducted on the bank sample before and after the intervention to measure interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interferon -γ levels with the ELISA test method in a supernatant taken from the PBMC cell culture from 30 allergic rhinitis patients.

Results

The IL-4 level had no significant difference between the two groups before the treatment. However, it had a significant increase in the case group after the treatment. The IL-5 level was significantly higher in the case group before the treatment. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between the case and control groups after the treatment. Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the two groups considering IFN-γ before and after the treatment.

Conclusion

Consuming thyme with an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and a decrease in IL-5 cytokine control inflammation and improvement in allergic rhinitis symptoms.

Clinical trial details This clinical trial study was recorded at 22.5.2014 in the Iran Registry of Clinical Trials code: (IRCT2016121823235N6) https://www.irct.ir/trial/19852

Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora) extract can alleviate allergic rhinitis: a randomized clinical trial

Introduction

Atopic diseases are global concerns in the today's industrialized world. Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic condition affecting 20% of individuals. This disorder is associated with remarkable morbidity and rising healthcare expenditure.

Aim

Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of a plant Zataria multiflora (ZM) with the common name of Shirazi thyme, a randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the alleviation of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

Material and methods

A total of 30 allergic rhinitis patients were randomly and equally assigned to experimental and control groups. Afterwards, the case group was treated with an extract of ZM and the control group with placebo for 2 months. Finally, the clinical signs and symptoms before and after the treatment according to the SNOT22 questionnaire were analysed.

Results

Comparing the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and an average score of SNOT22 questionnaire between the two groups before the intervention provided some difference, which was significantly greater after the treatment. Based on this questionnaire, our patients in the ZM syrup group had lower grades than before the treatment and experienced amelioration.

Conclusions

Regarding the significant effect of the ZM syrup in reducing symptoms of allergic rhinitis, its use is highly recommended. Since allergic rhinitis is a multifactorial condition, the use of herbal antioxidants along with conventional treatment would result in a more effective improvement of the disease.

IL-35 and IL-37 are negatively correlated with high IgE production among children with asthma in Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND

Asthma is one of the most prevalent inflammatory disorders among children in Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the correlation between the serum levels of vitamin D, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and cytokine (interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-35, and IL-37) in relation to the severity of disease in patients with asthma.

METHODS

This case-control study was carried out at King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Saudi Arabia, and included 48 patients with asthma and 47 matched controls, aged 6-14 years. A validated questionnaire was administered to the participants, after which each patient with asthma underwent pulmonary function tests. The serum levels of vitamin D, IgE, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-35, and IL-37 of each participant were also measured.

RESULTS

Patients with asthma demonstrated significantly higher IgE and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-35, and IL-37) levels compared to the control group (p value < .001). The levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were consistently positively correlated with the serum levels of IgE among patients with asthma. However, the IgE levels in patients with asthma were consistently negatively correlated with IL-35 and IL-37.

CONCLUSIONS

We found significantly higher levels of eosinophils, IgE, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-35, and IL-37 in patients with asthma compared to the controls, but no relationship between vitamin D and asthma.

Investigation of the relationship between atopy and psoriasis

Introduction

The relationship between allergic and autoimmune diseases is an important issue, which has recently attracted the researchers’ interest.

Aim

To determine the relationship between atopy and psoriasis.

Material and methods

This case-control study was conducted on 102 patients referred to the Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. The participants were assigned into two groups: experimental and control groups, including the patients suffering from psoriasis and those with no history of cutaneous or other systemic diseases, respectively. Both groups filled in the ISAAC questionnaire and had skin prick tests. In addition, the serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and blood eosinophil cell count were measured. The data were analysed using the regression test through SPSS version 16.

Results

According to the results of the ISAAC questionnaire, there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in terms of asthma (p = 0.04). The mean serum concentrations of IgE and eosinophil cell count were not significantly different between the experimental (153.93 IU/ml and 187.77 cells/μl, respectively) and control groups (152.19 IU/ml and 187.68 cells/μl, respectively) (p = 0.057 and p = 0.886, respectively). In addition, there was an indirect correlation between the eosinophil cell count and psoriasis severity (p = 0.032, r = –0.297). Furthermore, the comparison of the skin prick test results revealed no significant difference between the two groups regarding the number of positive and negative cases (p = 0.436).

Conclusions

The findings suggested that atopy was not common in the patients with psoriasis and supported the concept that atopy protects against such autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis.