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Orazymbetova Z, Ualiyeva D, Dossybayev K, Torekhanov A, Sydykov D, Mussayeva A, Baktybayev G. Genetic Diversity of Kazakhstani Equus caballus (Linnaeus, 1758) Horse Breeds Inferred from Microsatellite Markers. Vet Sci 2023; 10:598. [PMID: 37888550 PMCID: PMC10611244 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic diversity and structure of domesticated horse (Equus caballus) populations is critical for long-term herd management and breeding programs. This study examines 435 horses from Kazakhstan, covering seven groups in three geographic areas using 11 STR markers. Identified are 136 alleles, with the mean number of alleles per locus ranging from 9 to 19. VHL20 is the most variable locus across groups, while loci HTG4, AHT4, AHT5, HTG7, and HMS3 are variable in most populations. The locus AHT5 in the Emba population shows the highest frequency of rare alleles, while the lowest frequency, 0.005, is observed in the Kulandy population. All loci were highly informative for the Kazakhstani populations of E. caballus, with PIC values higher than 0.5. Pairwise variations in Wright's FST distances show that the examined varieties have little genetic differentiation (0.05%), indicating a high degree of admixture and a continuing lineage sorting process. Phylogenetic and population structure analyses reveal three major clusters of Kazakh horses, representing (I) the Uralsk population of the Kushum breed and the monophyly of two groups: (II) the Kozhamberdy population of the Mugalzhar breed, and (III) the Mugalzhar-Kushum breed populations. Kazakhstani horse populations, while being regionally isolated, were recently in contact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Orazymbetova
- Kazakh Research Institute of Livestock and Fodder Production, Almaty 050035, Kazakhstan; (Z.O.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniya Ualiyeva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Zoology, Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kairat Dossybayev
- Kazakh Research Institute of Livestock and Fodder Production, Almaty 050035, Kazakhstan; (Z.O.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Aibyn Torekhanov
- Kazakh Research Institute of Livestock and Fodder Production, Almaty 050035, Kazakhstan; (Z.O.); (D.S.)
| | - Dauren Sydykov
- Kazakh Research Institute of Livestock and Fodder Production, Almaty 050035, Kazakhstan; (Z.O.); (D.S.)
| | - Aizhan Mussayeva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Gabiden Baktybayev
- Kazakh Research Institute of Livestock and Fodder Production, Almaty 050035, Kazakhstan; (Z.O.); (D.S.)
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Bozlak E, Radovic L, Remer V, Rigler D, Allen L, Brem G, Stalder G, Castaneda C, Cothran G, Raudsepp T, Okuda Y, Moe KK, Moe HH, Kounnavongsa B, Keonouchanh S, Van NH, Vu VH, Shah MK, Nishibori M, Kazymbet P, Bakhtin M, Zhunushov A, Paul RC, Dashnyam B, Nozawa K, Almarzook S, Brockmann GA, Reissmann M, Antczak DF, Miller DC, Sadeghi R, von Butler-Wemken I, Kostaras N, Han H, Manglai D, Abdurasulov A, Sukhbaatar B, Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Lopes MS, da Câmara Machado A, Kalashnikov VV, Kalinkova L, Zaitev AM, Novoa-Bravo M, Lindgren G, Brooks S, Rosa LP, Orlando L, Juras R, Kunieda T, Wallner B. Refining the evolutionary tree of the horse Y chromosome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8954. [PMID: 37268661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Y chromosome carries information about the demography of paternal lineages, and thus, can prove invaluable for retracing both the evolutionary trajectory of wild animals and the breeding history of domesticates. In horses, the Y chromosome shows a limited, but highly informative, sequence diversity, supporting the increasing breeding influence of Oriental lineages during the last 1500 years. Here, we augment the primary horse Y-phylogeny, which is currently mainly based on modern horse breeds of economic interest, with haplotypes (HT) segregating in remote horse populations around the world. We analyze target enriched sequencing data of 5 Mb of the Y chromosome from 76 domestic males, together with 89 whole genome sequenced domestic males and five Przewalski's horses from previous studies. The resulting phylogeny comprises 153 HTs defined by 2966 variants and offers unprecedented resolution into the history of horse paternal lineages. It reveals the presence of a remarkable number of previously unknown haplogroups in Mongolian horses and insular populations. Phylogenetic placement of HTs retrieved from 163 archaeological specimens further indicates that most of the present-day Y-chromosomal variation evolved after the domestication process that started around 4200 years ago in the Western Eurasian steppes. Our comprehensive phylogeny significantly reduces ascertainment bias and constitutes a robust evolutionary framework for analyzing horse population dynamics and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bozlak
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lara Radovic
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Remer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Rigler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucy Allen
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Brem
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabrielle Stalder
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caitlin Castaneda
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Gus Cothran
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Terje Raudsepp
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yu Okuda
- Museum of Dinosaur Research, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kyaw Kyaw Moe
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Hla Hla Moe
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Bounthavone Kounnavongsa
- National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (Lao) Resources, Livestock Research Center, Xaythany District, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Soukanh Keonouchanh
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Van
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Van Hai Vu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Manoj Kumar Shah
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, 44209, Nepal
| | - Masahide Nishibori
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Polat Kazymbet
- Radiobiological Research Institute, JSC Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Meirat Bakhtin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, 720071, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Asankadyr Zhunushov
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, 720071, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Ripon Chandra Paul
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
| | - Bumbein Dashnyam
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaan Baator, Mongolia
| | - Ken Nozawa
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Saria Almarzook
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun A Brockmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Reissmann
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Douglas F Antczak
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Donald C Miller
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Raheleh Sadeghi
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ines von Butler-Wemken
- Barb Horse Breeding Organisation VFZB E. V., Verein der Freunde und Züchter Des Berberpferdes E.V., Kirchgasse 11, 67718, Schmalenberg, Germany
| | | | - Haige Han
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Dugarjaviin Manglai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Abdugani Abdurasulov
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Osh State University, 723500, Osh, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Boldbaatar Sukhbaatar
- Sector of Surveillance and Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar, 17024, Mongolia
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Animal Molecular Biology, 31-047, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Maria Susana Lopes
- Biotechnology Centre of Azores, University of Azores, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | | | | | - Liliya Kalinkova
- All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding, Ryazan, 391105, Russia
| | - Alexander M Zaitev
- All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding, Ryazan, 391105, Russia
| | - Miguel Novoa-Bravo
- Genética Animal de Colombia SAS., Av. Calle 26 #69-76, 111071, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gabriella Lindgren
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biosystems, Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samantha Brooks
- Department of Animal Science, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Laura Patterson Rosa
- Department of Agriculture and Industry, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, TX, 79832, USA
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Rytis Juras
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Tetsuo Kunieda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan.
| | - Barbara Wallner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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Kushaliyev K, Ussenov Z, Alimbekov S, Millakaev O, Kozhayeva A, Khairushev A. Study of the saiga helminth fauna and Ural sheep in the western region of Kazakhstan. Open Vet J 2023; 13:485-494. [PMID: 37251266 PMCID: PMC10219814 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Contact between wild (saiga) and domestic (sheep) animals on pastures results in a composite community of helminths. Wild animals like saigas are vulnerable to parasites and the diseases they transmit are fatal. Adults may be less susceptible to infection than their offspring but remain a dangerous source of parasite spread. Aim The aim of the article is to determine the environmental factors influencing the spread of helminthiasis (echinococcosis, coenurosis, and moniziosis) in animals. Methods Epizootological indicators of the saigas helminth fauna have been studied to assess the epizootic state of the area, and the causes of invasive foci appearance (caenurosis, moniziosis, and echinococcosis) in farms in the Kaztalov and Zhanybekov districts of the Western Kazakhstan region. The diagnosis of saiga helminth infections was confirmed by well-grounded helminthological and pathological anatomical examinations of dead saigas. Results Climatic, natural, and anthropogenic factors of the seasonality of infestation are considered. The climatic factors of helminth infestation in animals were described, based on the influence of environmental factors, which include favourable conditions for the survival of helminth larvae. The main source of helminth infestation is the animals' watering places; therefore, it is necessary to green and create a large number of watering places, which will reduce the disease rate and improve the health of the animals from infestation. Conclusion Regular helminthological and ecological monitoring in animal populations is necessary to ensure and preserve natural biocenoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaissar Kushaliyev
- Higher School of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zhangeldi Ussenov
- Higher School of Veterinary and Biological Safety, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Serik Alimbekov
- Technological Department, Higher Engineering-Technological College, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Orazali Millakaev
- Higher School of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Aigerim Kozhayeva
- Higher School of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Artur Khairushev
- Higher School of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Rzabayev TS, Assanbayev TS, Rzabayev S, Bazargaliyev A, Rzabayev KS. Linebreeding as a system of stock breeding to improve the productive qualities of horses of the Kushum breed. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1584-1592. [PMID: 36004555 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Possessing high meat and dairy productivity, and good reproductive and adaptive qualities to year-round grazing, the Kushum breed plays an exceptional role in the improvement of productive qualities in horse herding in Kazakhstan and the former Soviet republics. The aim of the study was to develop breeding methods for creating new highly productive breeding lines for the Kushum breed horses. The leading method was linebreeding, which is based on the systematic use of remarkable animals, the offspring of which will accumulate and develop all the desired qualities and traits. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that new highly productive breeding lines of the Kushum horse have been created. On this basis, a new intra-breed type of horses with increased live weight, high productivity, and adaptive qualities for winter-grazing in the Republic of Kazakhstan was created. The results of the study were introduced in farms engaged in breeding Kushum horses. Highly productive stallions of the Kushum breed of new genotypes are sold in horse breeding farms of the republic. These studies are used in the development of a comprehensive plan for selection and breeding work and a scientifically grounded system for conducting productive horse breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the creation of new highly productive breeding lines of stallions of the Kushum breed Krepysh and Grom, as well as in substantiating the creation of the Samotsvet line with high adaptive qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolybek S Rzabayev
- Department of Horse Breeding, LLP "Aktobe Agricultural Experimental Station", 030014, 1 Mira Str., Kenes Nokin, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Tolegen Sh Assanbayev
- Department of Zootechnology, Toraighyrov University, 140008, 64 Lomov Str, Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Serikbay Rzabayev
- Department of Horse Breeding, LLP "Aktobe Agricultural Experimental Station", 030014, 1 Mira Str., Kenes Nokin, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Alibek Bazargaliyev
- Department of Horse Breeding, Republican Chamber of Local Breeds of Horses for Meat and Dairy Production, 030014, 1 Mira Str., Kenes Nokin, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Kalybek S Rzabayev
- Department of Horse Breeding, LLP "Aktobe Agricultural Experimental Station", 030014, 1 Mira Str., Kenes Nokin, Republic of Kazakhstan
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