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Beran D, Koch M, Ajmal S, de Beaufort C, Ramaiya K, Zafra-Tanaka JH, Atkinson M. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Commission on type 1 diabetes: looking back to move forward. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:9-11. [PMID: 37972630 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Beran
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
| | - Marta Koch
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, London, UK
| | | | - Carine de Beaufort
- Diabetes & Endocrine Care Clinique Pédiatrique, Clinique Pédiatrique Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | | | - Jessica Hanae Zafra-Tanaka
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mark Atkinson
- Diabetes Institute, Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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2
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Nabi AHMN, Ebihara A, Shekhar HU. Impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on diabetes mellitus: A pre and post pandemic evaluation. World J Virol 2023; 12:151-171. [PMID: 37396707 PMCID: PMC10311579 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i3.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel beta coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) crippled the whole world and has resulted in large number of morbidity and mortality. The origin of the SARS-CoV-2 is still disputed. The risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on several risk factors as observed in many studies. The severity of the disease depends on many factors including the viral strain, host immunogenetics, environmental factors, host genetics, host nutritional status and presence of comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, cardiovascular disease, renal impairment. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder mainly characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetic individuals are intrinsically prone to infections. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with diabetes result in β-cell damage and cytokine storm. Damage to the cells impairs the equilibrium of glucose, leading to hyperglycemia. The ensuing cytokine storm causes insulin resistance, especially in the muscles and liver, which also causes a hyperglycemic state. All of these increase the severity of COVID-19. Genetics also play pivotal role in disease pathogenesis. This review article focuses from the probable sources of coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 to its impacts on individuals with diabetes and host genetics in pre- and post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Nurun Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Akio Ebihara
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hossain Uddin Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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3
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Boike S, Mir M, Rauf I, Jama AB, Sunesara S, Mushtaq H, Khedr A, Nitesh J, Surani S, Khan SA. Ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus: A phenotype that hospitalists need to understand. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:10867-10872. [PMID: 36338201 PMCID: PMC9631166 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i30.10867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has been classified mainly into types 1 and 2. Some type 2 diabetes patients, when developing ketosis, have been labeled as having atypical diabetes. Lately, syndromes of ketosis-prone diabetes, primarily in patients who we previously classified as type 2 diabetics, have emerged, and calls are being made to even reclassify diabetes. This mini-review will extensively deal with the historical, molecular, phenotypical, and clinical basis of why ketosis-prone diabetes is different than the traditional principles of type 1 and 2 diabetes and should be classified as such. Clinicians, especially those who are not diabetologists or endocrinologists, as well as hospitalists, intensivists, and primary care providers, will greatly benefit from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Boike
- Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Mikael Mir
- Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ibtisam Rauf
- Medicine, St. George’s School of Medicine, Grenada FZ818, West Indies
| | - Abbas B Jama
- Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN 56001, United States
| | - Shaleen Sunesara
- Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, United States
| | - Hisham Mushtaq
- Medicine, St. Vincent’s Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT 06606, United States
| | - Anwar Khedr
- Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY 10457, United States
| | - Jain Nitesh
- Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN 56001, United States
| | - Salim Surani
- Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77843, United States
- Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Syed A Khan
- Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN 56001, United States
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Nelson PG, Promislow DEL, Masel J. Biomarkers for Aging Identified in Cross-sectional Studies Tend to Be Non-causative. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:466-472. [PMID: 31353411 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are important tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and identification of the causal factors of physiological conditions. Biomarkers are typically identified by correlating biological measurements with the status of a condition in a sample of subjects. Cross-sectional studies sample subjects at a single timepoint, whereas longitudinal studies follow a cohort through time. Identifying biomarkers of aging is subject to unique challenges. Individuals who age faster have intrinsically higher mortality rates and so are preferentially lost over time, in a phenomenon known as cohort selection. In this article, we use simulations to show that cohort selection biases cross-sectional analysis away from identifying causal loci of aging, to the point where cross-sectional studies are less likely to identify loci that cause aging than if loci had been chosen at random. We go on to show this bias can be corrected by incorporating correlates of mortality identified from longitudinal studies, allowing cross-sectional studies to effectively identify the causal factors of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Nelson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | | | - Joanna Masel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson
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5
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Contemplating the role of genetic variants of HHEX, CDKAL1, WFS1 and SLC30A8 genes of TYPE-2 diabetes in Asians ethnic groups. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Hruban RH, Klimstra DS, Zamboni G, Klöppel G. A semicentennial of pancreatic pathology: the genetic revolution is here, but don't throw the baby out with the bath water! Hum Pathol 2019; 95:99-112. [PMID: 31521627 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The last 50 years have witnessed an explosion in our understanding of the pathology of pancreatic diseases. Entities known to exist 50 years ago have been defined more precisely and are now better classified. New entities, previously not recognized, have been discovered and can now be treated. Importantly, new tools have been developed that have unraveled the fundamental biological drivers of a number of pancreatic diseases. Many of these same tools have also been applied clinically, supplementing the tried and true hematoxylin and eosin stained slide with a plethora of new, highly sensitive and specific tests that improve diagnostic accuracy and delineate best treatments. As exciting as these many advances are, our knowledge of pancreatic pathology remains incomplete, and there is much to be learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph H Hruban
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Departments of Pathology and Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, MD, USA.
| | - David S Klimstra
- The Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
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Aldras Y, Singh S, Bode K, Bhowmick DC, Jeremic A, O'Halloran DM. An inducible model of human amylin overexpression reveals diverse transcriptional changes. Neurosci Lett 2019; 704:212-219. [PMID: 30974231 PMCID: PMC6594890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide or amylin is a neuroendocrine peptide with important endocrine and paracrine functions. Excessive production and accumulation of human amylin in the pancreas can lead to its aggregation and apoptosis of islet β-cells. Amylin has been shown to function within the central nervous system to decrease food intake, and more recently, it has been revealed that amylin is directly transcribed from neurons of the central nervous system, including the hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, medial preoptic area, and nucleus accumbens. These findings alter the current model of how amylin targets the nervous system, and as a result may lead to obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Here we set out to use Caenorhabditis elegans as an inducible in vivo model system to study the effects of amylin overexpression in tissues that include the nervous system. We profiled the transcriptional changes in transgenic animals expressing human amylin through RNA-seq. Using this genome-wide approach our results revealed for the first time that expression of human amylin in tissues including the nervous system induce diverse physiological responses in various signaling pathways. From our characterization of transgenic C. elegans animals expressing human amylin, we also observed specific defects in neural developmental programs as well as sensory behavior. Taken together, our data demonstrate the utility of using C. elegans as a valuable in vivo model to study human amylin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Aldras
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington DC, 20052, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, 636 Ross Hall, 2300 I St. N.W. Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Katrin Bode
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington DC, 20052, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, 636 Ross Hall, 2300 I St. N.W. Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Diti Chatterjee Bhowmick
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Aleksandar Jeremic
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Damien M O'Halloran
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington DC, 20052, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, 636 Ross Hall, 2300 I St. N.W. Washington DC, 20052, USA.
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Gallagher KAS, DeSalvo D, Gregory J, Hilliard ME. Medical and Psychological Considerations for Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2019; 19:27. [PMID: 31030356 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Given the challenges achieving recommended glycemic targets in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), providers may consider recommending carbohydrate-restricted diets (CRDs) to optimize glycemic control. The goal of the present review is to describe relevant literature on the potential medical and psychosocial benefits and risks of CRDs in youth with T1D. RECENT FINDINGS Limited data exist on the effects of CRDs in pediatric populations. Findings from studies with youth and adults are mixed; some indicate that CRDs may be associated with desirable medical outcomes, such as improved glycemic control and reduced HbA1c, which may contribute to positive psychological outcomes such as reduced diabetes distress and depressive symptoms. Others suggest that CRDs may also be associated with detrimental outcomes, including mineral deficiencies and suboptimal growth, and dietary restriction has been linked to greater diabetes distress, disordered eating, and diabetes management. More research is needed to evaluate benefits and risks of CRDs in youth. Providers should exercise caution when discussing CRDs with youth and families, particularly when considering CRDs for youth at elevated risk for eating disordered behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A S Gallagher
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 6701 Fannin Street, Suite 1630, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel DeSalvo
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 6701 Fannin Street, Suite 1020, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Justin Gregory
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1500 21st Ave, Suite 1514, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave, Suite 940, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Karmazyn M, Gan XT. Ginseng for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related cardiovascular complications: a discussion of the evidence 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:265-276. [PMID: 30395481 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with elevated blood glucose levels due either to insufficient insulin production (type 1 DM) or to insulin resistance (type 2 DM). The incidence of DM around the world continues to rise dramatically with more than 400 million cases reported today. Among the most serious consequences of chronic DM are cardiovascular complications that can have deleterious effects. Although numerous treatment options are available, including both pharmacological and nonpharmacological, there is substantial emerging interest in the use of traditional medicines for the treatment of this condition and its complications. Among these is ginseng, a medicinal herb that belongs to the genus Panax and has been used for thousands of years as a medicinal agent especially in Asian cultures. There is emerging evidence from both animal and clinical studies that ginseng, ginseng constituents including ginsenosides, and ginseng-containing formulations can produce beneficial effects in terms of normalization of blood glucose levels and attenuation of cardiovascular complications through a multiplicity of mechanisms. Although more research is required, ginseng may offer a useful therapy for the treatment of diabetes as well as its complications.
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Maertens A, Bouhifd M, Zhao L, Odwin-DaCosta S, Kleensang A, Yager JD, Hartung T. Metabolomic network analysis of estrogen-stimulated MCF-7 cells: a comparison of overrepresentation analysis, quantitative enrichment analysis and pathway analysis versus metabolite network analysis. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:217-230. [PMID: 27039105 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the Human Toxome project, mass spectroscopy-based metabolomics characterization of estrogen-stimulated MCF-7 cells was studied in order to support the untargeted deduction of pathways of toxicity. A targeted and untargeted approach using overrepresentation analysis (ORA), quantitative enrichment analysis (QEA) and pathway analysis (PA) and a metabolite network approach were compared. Any untargeted approach necessarily has some noise in the data owing to artifacts, outliers and misidentified metabolites. Depending on the chemical analytical choices (sample extraction, chromatography, instrument and settings, etc.), only a partial representation of all metabolites will be achieved, biased by both the analytical methods and the database used to identify the metabolites. Here, we show on the one hand that using a data analysis approach based exclusively on pathway annotations has the potential to miss much that is of interest and, in the case of misidentified metabolites, can produce perturbed pathways that are statistically significant yet uninformative for the biological sample at hand. On the other hand, a targeted approach, by narrowing its focus and minimizing (but not eliminating) misidentifications, renders the likelihood of a spurious pathway much smaller, but the limited number of metabolites also makes statistical significance harder to achieve. To avoid an analysis dependent on pathways, we built a de novo network using all metabolites that were different at 24 h with and without estrogen with a p value <0.01 (53) in the STITCH database, which links metabolites based on known reactions in the main metabolic network pathways but also based on experimental evidence and text mining. The resulting network contained a "connected component" of 43 metabolites and helped identify non-endogenous metabolites as well as pathways not visible by annotation-based approaches. Moreover, the most highly connected metabolites (energy metabolites such as pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate, as well as amino acids) showed only a modest change between proliferation with and without estrogen. Here, we demonstrate that estrogen has subtle but potentially phenotypically important alterations in the acyl-carnitine fatty acids, acetyl-putrescine and succinoadenosine, in addition to likely subtle changes in key energy metabolites that, however, could not be verified consistently given the technical limitations of this approach. Finally, we show that a network-based approach combined with text mining identifies pathways that would otherwise neither be considered statistically significant on their own nor be identified via ORA, QEA, or PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Maertens
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mounir Bouhifd
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shelly Odwin-DaCosta
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andre Kleensang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James D Yager
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Edyth H. Schoenrich Professor of Preventive Medicine, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for Evidence-based Toxicology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing-Europe, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany.
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11
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Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a common metabolic disorder presenting increased amounts of serum glucose and will cover 5.4% of population by year 2025. Accordingly, this review was performed to gather and discuss the stand points on diagnosis, pathophysiology, non-pharmacological therapy and drug management of diabetes this disorder as described in medieval Persian medicine. To this, reports on diabetes were collected and analyzed from selected medical and pharmaceutical textbooks of Traditional Persian Medicine. A search on databases as Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Scopus and Google scholar was also performed to reconfirm the Anti diabetic activities of reported herbs. The term, Ziabites, was used to describe what is now spoken as diabetes. It was reported that Ziabites, is highly associated with kidney function. Etiologically, Ziabites was characterized as kidney hot or cold dystemperament as well as diffusion of fluid from other organs such as liver and intestines into the kidneys. This disorder was categorized into main types as hot (Ziabites-e-har) and cold (Ziabites-e-barid) as well as sweet urine (Bole-e-shirin). Most medieval cite signs of Ziabites were remarked as unusual and excessive thirst, frequent urination and polydipsia. On the management, life style modification and observing the essential rules of prevention in Persian medicine as well as herbal therapy and special simple manipulations were recommended. Current investigation was done to clarify the knowledge of medieval scientists on diabetes and related interventions. Reported remedies which are based on centuries of experience might be of beneficial for- further studies to the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz, Iran
- Essence of Parsiyan Wisdom Institute, Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plant Incubator, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Office for the History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Khademian
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmoodreza Moein
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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