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Ehrenberger R, Németh BT, Kulyassa P, Fülöp GA, Becker D, Kiss B, Zima E, Merkely B, Édes IF. Acute coronary syndrome associated cardiogenic shock in the catheterization laboratory: peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator management and recommendations. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1277504. [PMID: 38020166 PMCID: PMC10661940 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1277504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiogenic shock (CS) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a critical disease with high mortality rates requiring complex treatment to maximize patient survival chances. Emergent coronary revascularization along with circulatory support are keys to saving lives. Mechanical circulatory support may be instigated in severe, yet still reversible instances. Of these, the peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (pVA-ECMO) is the most widely used system for both circulatory and respiratory support. The aim of our work is to provide a review of our current understanding of the pVA-ECMO when used in the catheterization laboratory in a CS ACS setting. We detail the workings of a Shock Team: pVA-ECMO specifics, circumstances, and timing of implantations and discuss possible complications. We place emphasis on how to select the appropriate patients for potential pVA-ECMO support and what characteristics and parameters need to be assessed. A detailed, stepwise implantation algorithm indicating crucial steps is also featured for practitioners in the catheter laboratory. To provide an overall aspect of pVA-ECMO use in CS ACS we further gave pointers including relevant human resource, infrastructure, and consumables management to build an effective Shock Team to treat CS ACS via the pVA-ECMO method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - István F. Édes
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Pearse I, Corley A, Bartnikowski N, Fraser JF. In vitro testing of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives and sutures for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula securement. Intensive Care Med Exp 2021; 9:5. [PMID: 33502631 PMCID: PMC7840820 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), an invasive mechanical therapy, provides cardio-respiratory support to critically ill patients when maximal conventional support has failed. ECMO is delivered via large-bore cannulae which must be effectively secured to avoid complications including cannula migration, dislodgement and accidental decannulation. Growing evidence suggests tissue adhesive (TA) may be a practical and safe method to secure vascular access devices, but little evidence exists pertaining to securement of ECMO cannulae. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of two TA formulations (2-octyl cyanoacrylate and n-butyl-2-octyl cyanoacrylate) for use in peripherally inserted ECMO cannula securement, and compare TA securement to 'standard' securement methods. METHODS This in vitro project assessed: (1) the tensile strength and flexibility of TA formulations compared to 'standard' ECMO cannula securement using a porcine skin model, and (2) the chemical resistance of the polyurethane ECMO cannulae to TA. An Instron 5567 Universal Testing System was used for strength testing in both experiments. RESULTS Securement with sutures and n-butyl-2-octyl cyanoacrylate both significantly increased the force required to dislodge the cannula compared to a transparent polyurethane dressing (p = 0.006 and p = 0.003, respectively) and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (p = 0.023 and p = 0.013, respectively). Suture securement provided increased flexibility compared to TA securement (p < 0.0001), and there was no statistically significant difference in flexibility between 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and n-butyl-2-octyl cyanoacrylate (p = 0.774). The resistance strength of cannula polyurethane was not weakened after exposure to either TA formulation after 60 min compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Tissue adhesive appears to be a promising adjunct method of ECMO cannula insertion site securement. Tissue adhesive securement with n-butyl-2-octyl cyanoacrylate may provide comparable securement strength to a single polypropylene drain stitch, and, when used as an adjunct securement method, may minimise the risks associated with suture securement. However, further clinical research is still needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- India Pearse
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Amanda Corley
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole Bartnikowski
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Bernhardt MB, Militano O, Honeyford L, Zupanec S. Blinatumomab use in pediatric ALL: Taking a BiTE out of preparation, administration and toxicity challenges. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020; 27:376-388. [PMID: 33334253 DOI: 10.1177/1078155220979047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Blinatumomab is the first in its class bispecific T-cell engager monoclonal antibody, which binds to CD19 expressed on B-cells and CD3 expressed on T-cells, resulting in lysis of CD19-positive cells common in B-cell malignancies. Blinatumomab is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of adults and children with relapsed/refractory or minimal residual disease (MRD) positive precursor B-cell ALL (B-ALL). Despite impressive efficacy for the approved indications and favorable toxicity profile compared to standard-of-care chemotherapy, blinatumomab presents unique health-system challenges related to preparation, administration, toxicity monitoring and medication error prevention. Blinatumomab delivery also offers plethora of opportunities for interdisciplinary planning and collaboration. The purpose of this paper is to discuss practical considerations for safe blinatumomab delivery from the pharmacy and nursing perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie B Bernhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Bull T, Corley A, Lye I, Spooner AJ, Fraser JF. Cannula and circuit management in peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: An international survey of 45 countries. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227248. [PMID: 31887197 PMCID: PMC6936833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective and safe practices during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) including infection precautions and securement of lines (cannulas and circuits) are critical to prevent life-threatening patient complications, yet little is known about the practices of bedside clinicians and data to support best practice is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and describe common line-related practices for patients supported by peripheral ECMO worldwide and to highlight any gaps for further investigation. An electronic survey was conducted to examine common line practices for patients managed on peripheral ECMO. Responses were obtained from 45 countries with the majority from the United States (n = 181) and United Kingdom (n = 32). Standardised infection precautions including hand hygiene, maximal barrier precautions and skin antisepsis were commonplace for cannulation. The most common antisepsis strategies included alcohol-based chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) for cannula insertion (53%) and maintenance (54%), isopropyl alcohol on circuit access ports (39%), and CHG-impregnated dressings to cover insertion sites (36%). Adverse patient events due to line malposition or dislodgement were reported by 34% of respondents with most attributable to ineffective securement. Centres 'always' suturing peripheral cannula sites were more likely to experience a cannula adverse event than centres that 'never' sutured (35% [95% CI 30, 41] vs 0% [95% CI 0, 28]; Chi-square 4.40; p = 0.04) but this did not meet the a priori significance level of <0.01. An evidence-based guideline would be beneficial to improve ECMO line management according to 78% of respondents. Evidence gaps were identified for antiseptic agents, dressing products and regimens, securement methods, and needleless valves. Future research addressing these areas may provide opportunities for consensus guideline development and practice improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taressa Bull
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda Corley
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - India Lye
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy J. Spooner
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - John F. Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
- Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
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Rickard CM, Edwards M, Spooner AJ, Mihala G, Marsh N, Best J, Wendt T, Rapchuk I, Gabriel S, Thomson B, Corley A, Fraser JF. A 4-arm randomized controlled pilot trial of innovative solutions for jugular central venous access device securement in 221 cardiac surgical patients. J Crit Care 2016; 36:35-42. [PMID: 27546745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve jugular central venous access device (CVAD) securement, prevent CVAD failure (composite: dislodgement, occlusion, breakage, local or bloodstream infection), and assess subsequent trial feasibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study design was a 4-arm, parallel, randomized, controlled, nonblinded, pilot trial. Patients received CVAD securement with (i) suture+bordered polyurethane (suture + BPU; control), (ii) suture+absorbent dressing (suture + AD), (iii) sutureless securement device+simple polyurethane (SSD+SPU), or (iv) tissue adhesive+simple polyurethane (TA+SPU). Midtrial, due to safety, the TA+SPU intervention was replaced with a suture + TA+SPU group. RESULTS A total of 221 patients were randomized with 2 postrandomization exclusions. Central venous access device failure was as follows: suture + BPU controls, 2 (4%) of 55 (0.52/1000 hours); suture + AD, 1 (2%) of 56 (0.26/1000 hours, P=.560); SSD+SPU, 4 (7%) of 55 (1.04/1000 hours, P=.417); TA+SPU, 4 (17%) of 23 (2.53/1000 hours, P=.049); and suture + TA+SPU, 0 (0%) of 30 (P=.263; intention-to-treat, log-rank tests). Central venous access device failure was predicted (P<.05) by baseline poor/fair skin integrity (hazard ratio, 9.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-79.9) or impaired mental state at CVAD removal (hazard ratio, 14.2; 95% confidence interval, 3.0-68.4). CONCLUSIONS Jugular CVAD securement is challenging in postcardiac surgical patients who are coagulopathic and mobilized early. TA+SPU was ineffective for CVAD securement and is not recommended. Suture + TA+SPU appeared promising, with zero CVAD failure observed. Future trials should resolve uncertainty about the comparative effect of suture + TA+SPU, suture + AD, and SSD+SPU vs suture + BPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Rickard
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia.
| | - M Edwards
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - A J Spooner
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - G Mihala
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, 4131, Queensland, Australia.
| | - N Marsh
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Clinical Nursing, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia.
| | - J Best
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - T Wendt
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - I Rapchuk
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - S Gabriel
- Cardiac Surgery Research Unit, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - B Thomson
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - A Corley
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - J F Fraser
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
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