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Jain P, Jain M, Sharma C, Gaikwad RN, Porwal A, Barman D, Talukdar R, Rai N. Comparative efficacy of flapped versus flapless dental implant procedures: A meta-analysis. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2024; 18:58-69. [PMID: 38974649 PMCID: PMC11226941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Dental implant procedures are crucial for replacing missing teeth, with various surgical techniques impacting the outcome. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of flapped and flapless surgical techniques on implant survival and marginal bone loss (MBL). Methods We included clinical studies with at least ten subjects, excluding review articles, editorials, and conference abstracts. Studies were sourced from PubMed, Medline, ERIC, and Wiley, published between 2000 and 2022. Data were analyzed using random-effects models to compare implant survival and MBL between flapped and flapless techniques. Results The review identified 21 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Flapless techniques showed a higher implant survival rate with an approximate survival rate of 98.6% in prospective cohort studies and 95.9% in retrospective studies. MBL was consistently lower in the flapless group, averaging 0.6-2.1 mm, compared to 1.5-3 mm in the flapped group. Low-risk studies demonstrated more consistent and reliable results, supporting the efficacy of flapless procedures. Conclusion Flapless implant surgery offers a viable alternative to traditional flapped surgery, showing higher rates of implant survival and less MBL. However, successful outcomes depend on advanced imaging, precise surgical techniques, and adequate training. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings and refine clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preet Jain
- Department of Prosthodontics, R.R. Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Biotechnology Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Meetu Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chetan Sharma
- Department of Prosthodontics, R.R. Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rahul N. Gaikwad
- Department Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology College of Dentistry, Qassim University, KSA
| | - Amit Porwal
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan KSA
| | - Diplina Barman
- Department of Epidemiology, ICMR- NICED, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rounik Talukdar
- Department of Epidemiology, ICMR- NICED, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nitish Rai
- Department of Biotechnology Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Biotechnology, MLS University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Chen Y, Sun C, Li H. Effects of flapless and flapped implantations on soft tissue: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2024; 42:382-393. [PMID: 39049660 PMCID: PMC11190870 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2024.2023341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically compare the effects of flapless and flapped implantations on the surrounding soft tissues of dental implants. METHODS Nine databases were searched, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, OpenGrey, OpenDoar, Scopus, and Ovid, from January 1, 2013, to August 27, 2023. Randomized controlled trials comparing flapless implantation with flapped implantation for restoration of missing teeth were included. Meta-analysis was conducted on studies that met the inclusion criteria by using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0. RESULTS A total of 1 245 articles were retrieved, and 17 studies were ultimately included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that flapless implantation resulted in better healing of the soft tissues around the dental implants than flapped implantation. Moreover, flapless implantation showed superior changes in implant success rate [mean difference (MD)=1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.02, 1.10), P=0.004], the width of keratinized gingival changes [MD=0.10, 95%CI (0.00, 0.20), P=0.04], and probing depth [MD=-0.60, 95%CI (-0.67, -0.53), P<0.000 01], with statistically significant differences. The final combined results of modified plaque index [standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.41, 95%CI (-0.81, 0.00), P=0.05] and modified sulcus bleeding index [SMD=-0.44, 95%CI (-0.78, -0.10), P=0.01] showed superiority over flapped implantation. The papillary presence index was higher in the flapless implantation group than in the flapped implantation group. No statistically significant differences were observed in plaque index and gingival indices changes between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Flapless implantation can achieve higher implant success rate, smaller changes in the width of keratinized gingival, and smaller probing depths than flapped implantation. It also has advantages in terms of modified plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, and papillary presence index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Chen
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ciji Sun
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Dept of VIP, Hangzhou Stomatological Hospital Xiaoshan Branch, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Li K, Liu F, Liu P, Wei C, Li X. Clinical Effect and Aesthetic Evaluation of Minimally Invasive Implant Therapy. Emerg Med Int 2023; 2023:9917311. [PMID: 37008758 PMCID: PMC10065858 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9917311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical effect and aesthetic evaluation of minimally invasive implant in the treatment of dentition defect. Methods From April 2020 to May 2021, 60 patients who received implant restoration were collected as the research objects. Randomly divided into minimally invasive surgery group (30 patients) and routine surgery group (30 patients). The postoperative antibiotic use time, pain disappearance time, swelling degree, and pain degree of the two groups were compared. Follow-up for one year, record and compare the success rate of implants and aesthetic evaluation of restoration between the two groups. The evaluation of patients' satisfaction with restoration was collected and compared. Results The operation time and antibiotic use time of patients in minimally invasive surgery group were significantly shorter than those in conventional surgery group, and the swelling degree rating was significantly better than that in conventional surgery group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The number of patients with no pain (0 degree) and mild pain (degree) in minimally invasive surgery group was significantly higher than that in routine surgery group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). One year after the repair, the success rate of implants in minimally invasive surgery group was 100.00% compared with that in routine surgery group (93.33%), and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The aesthetic effect scores of patients in minimally invasive surgery group were higher than those in routine surgery group in seven items: proximal gingival papilla, distal gingival papilla, labial gingival margin curvature, labial gingival margin height, root convexity, soft tissue color, and soft tissue texture, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The satisfaction scores of the patients in minimally invasive surgery group in chewing function, comfort, aesthetics, retention function, and language function were higher than those in conventional surgery group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive implant can achieve the same effect as conventional implant, and it has the advantages of lower postoperative swelling, shorter pain time, better aesthetic effect, and higher satisfaction after restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefei Li
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266041, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266041, China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Cuifang Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
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Nomiyama LM, Matumoto EK, Corrêa MG, Cirano FR, Ribeiro FV, Pimentel SP, Casati MZ. Comparison between flapless-guided and conventional surgery for implant placement: a 12-month randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 27:1665-1679. [PMID: 36401742 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was aimed at comparing implants installed with guided and conventional surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-nine total edentulous patients were selected, and maxillary contralateral quadrants were randomly assigned to static computer-aided implant surgery (S-CAIS): flapless computer-guided surgery, and conventional surgery (CS): flap surgery with conventional planning. Tomography scans were performed at baseline and 10 days after the surgery for deviation measurement, and radiography was done at baseline and after 6 and 12 months, for peri-implant bone level (PIBL) analysis. Peri-implant fluid and subgingival biofilm were collected to evaluate bone markers and periodontal pathogens. RESULTS S-CAIS showed less linear deviation at the apical point and the midpoint and less angular deviation (p < 0.05), with greater depth discrepancy in the positioning of the platform (p < 0.05). Higher values of vertical PIBL were observed for the S-CAIS group at baseline (p < 0.05), while lower values of horizontal PIBL were observed for CS (p < 0.05). Bone markers and Tf presented higher levels in CS (p < 0.05). Flapless S-CAIS allowed smaller linear and angular deviations than the conventional technique. CONCLUSION However, PIBL was higher in S-CAIS; the conventional technique led to a greater angiogenic and bone remodeling activity by elevating the angiogenic levels and bone markers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Evaluating the different implant insertion techniques can guide clinical and surgical regarding the accuracy, the release pattern of bone markers, and the peri-implant bone level. TRIAL REGISTRATION ReBEC-RBR-8556fzp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Massaru Nomiyama
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Av. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, 4° Andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Edson Ken Matumoto
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Av. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, 4° Andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Mônica Grazieli Corrêa
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Av. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, 4° Andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Ribeiro Cirano
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Av. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, 4° Andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vieira Ribeiro
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Av. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, 4° Andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Suzana Peres Pimentel
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Av. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, 4° Andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Marcio Zaffalon Casati
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Av. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, 4° Andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil.
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ekhlasmandkermani M, Amid R, Kadkhodazadeh M, Hajizadeh F, Abed PF, Kheiri L, Kheiri A. Sinus floor elevation and simultaneous implant placement in fresh extraction sockets: a systematic review of clinical data. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 47:411-426. [PMID: 34969014 PMCID: PMC8721410 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2021.47.6.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining different procedures to reduce the number of surgical sessions and patient discomfort in implant placement and sinus floor elevation has been recommended, and evidence supports good outcomes. The aim of this study was to review the results of clinical studies on sinus floor elevation through extraction sockets and simultaneous immediate posterior implant placement. An electronic search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find English articles published in or before August 2020. A manual search was also performed. Titles, abstracts, and the full-text of the retrieved articles were studied. Thirteen studies met our eligibility criteria: 6 retrospective case series, 3 case reports, 2 prospective cohort caseseries, 1 prospective case series, and 1 randomized controlled trial. Overall, 306 implants were placed; 2 studies reported implant survival rates of 91.7% and 98.57%. The others either did not report the survival rate or reported 100% survival. Sinus floor elevation through a fresh extraction socket and simultaneous immediate implant placement appears to be a predictable modality with a high success rate. However, proper case selection and the expertise of the clinician play fundamental roles in the success of such complex procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ekhlasmandkermani
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Amid
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Kadkhodazadeh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Hajizadeh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Fallah Abed
- Department of Periodontology, Texas A and M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX ,USA
| | - Lida Kheiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aida Kheiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lahoti K, Dandekar S, Gade J, Agrawal M. Comparative evaluation of crestal bone level by flapless and flap techniques for implant placement: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2021; 21:328-338. [PMID: 34810360 PMCID: PMC8617445 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_208_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim :To compare the crestal bone level of flapless technique of dental implant placement with the flap technique. Setting and Design This Systematic review and Meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines and registered with PROSPERO. Materials and Methods Electronic search of Medline and Google scholar databases for articles from 2010 till March 2020 was performed. Studies comparing the crestal bone level with both the techniques were included. After the collection of data, the risk of bias was assessed for each study. Statistical Analysis Used Meta-analysis was executed using RevMan 5 software version 5.3. Results 23 studies were included. Statistically significant difference in crestal bone level was found between flapless and flap surgery with mean difference of -0.14 (flapless placement versus flap surgery; 95% CI: -0.24 to -0.03; P = 0.01FNx01). The difference in crestal bone level between the 2 groups was not statistically significant with a mean difference of -0.05(Guided flapless placement versus flap surgery; 95% CI: -0.10 to 0.00; P=0.06). Meta-analysis of the freehand flapless surgery with flap surgery generated a mean difference of -0.20 which was found to be statistically significant (Freehand flapless placement versus flap surgery; 95% CI: -0.37 to -0.03; P=0.02FNx01). Conclusions Flapless placement of implant can positively influence crestal bone loss in comparison with conventional flap technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishankumar Lahoti
- Department of Prosthodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayali Dandekar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jaykumar Gade
- Department of Prosthodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Megha Agrawal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Gao X, Qin S, Cai H, Wan Q. Comparison of general and aesthetic effects between flapless and flap techniques in dental implantation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Implant Dent 2021; 7:100. [PMID: 34595691 PMCID: PMC8484394 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Information about the aesthetic effects of flapless in implant surgeries is scant. Differences of the survival rate (SR) and crestal bone loss (CBL) between the two techniques were also controversial. Thus, this review was aimed to compare the general and aesthetic effects of flapless and flap approaches in implant surgeries. Materials and methods Following the principals of PRISMA, literature databases were searched for the eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical performances of flap and flapless techniques. After that, relevant data of selected studies were pooled and analyzed to compare SR, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), visual analogue scale (VAS), papillae presentation index (PPI), keratinized mucosa (KM) width and CBL between the two techniques. Results Fourteen RCTs were included. No significant difference was found in SR (RR = − 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) (− 0.05, 0.04)), BOP (OR = 0.40, 95% CI (0.15, 1.02)), KM width (WMD = − 0.42, 95% CI (− 1.02, 0.17)) between two groups. Subgroup analysis revealed that the difference of CBL was insignificant in two groups (WMD = − 0.13, 95% CI (− 0.63, 0.38)). However, flap techniques would lead more peri-implant PD (WMD = − 0.37, 95% CI (− 0.51, − 0.23)). Subgroup analysis also indicated lower VAS scores in flapless group after 1 day (WMD = − 1.66, 95% CI (− 2.16, − 1.16)) but comparable pain experience after 3 days (WMD = − 0.59, 95% CI (− 1.33, 0.16)). Mean difference of PPI (WMD = 0.32, 95% CI (0.28, 0.35)) between the two groups was significant. Conclusions The flapless procedure showed a superiority in preserving gingival papillae, reducing postoperative pain and peri-implant PD compared to the flap procedure, while exhibiting comparable effects on SR, BOP, KW width changes and CBL. Flapless technique is more recommended at the ideal soft and hard tissue implanting sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - He Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianbing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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A cast-free approach to fabricating an implant-supported interim restoration: A dental technique. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 129:690-695. [PMID: 34417018 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A cast-free approach is described to fabricate an implant-supported interim restoration by using the postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan to locate the placed implant. A postoperative intraoral scan was aligned to the postoperative CBCT scan through a dental implant planning software program. An attached interim abutment and implant analog complex was then scanned and superimposed on the placed implant in the postoperative CBCT scan. Once the best alignment was achieved, a virtual cast was generated, and an interim restoration with bilateral positioning wings was fabricated on the interim abutment and inserted during the second-stage surgery. This technique offers a cast-free approach to inserting an implant-supported interim restoration immediately after the second-stage surgery to guide the healing of the soft tissue that can minimize chairside time and optimize the clinical workflow.
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de Sales MC, Florez RM, da Silva Guimaraes J, da Silva Salomão GV, Tedesco TK, Allegrini S. Guided Surgery with 3D Printed Device: A Case Report. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2021; 47:325-332. [PMID: 32835368 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dental surgeons need in-depth knowledge of the bone tissue status and gingival morphology of atrophic maxillae. The aim of this study is to describe preoperative virtual planning of placement of 5 implants and to compare the plan with the actual surgical results. Three-dimensional (3D) planning of rehabilitation using software programs enables surgical guides to be specially designed for the implant site and manufactured using 3D printing. A patient with 5 teeth missing was selected for this study. The patient's maxillary region was scanned with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and a cast model was produced. After virtual planning using ImplantViewer, 5 implants were placed using a printed surgical guide. Two weeks after the surgical procedure, the patient underwent another CBCT scan of the maxilla. Statistically significant differences were detected between the virtually planned positions and the actual positions of the implants, with a mean deviation of 0.36 mm in the cervical region and 0.7 mm in the apical region. The surgical technique used enables more accurate procedures compared with the conventional technique. Implants can be better positioned, with a high level of predictability, reducing both operating time and patient discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Maluza Florez
- Departments of Oral Surgery and Prosthodontics, Santa Cecilia University, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tamara Kerber Tedesco
- Division of Master and Doctorate in Dentistry, Program of Scientific Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Allegrini
- Division of Master and Doctorate in Dentistry, Program of Scientific Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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