Stem cell therapy: A promising treatment for COVID-19

Biogenesis, Composition and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes in Various Diseases

Exosomes are nanovesicles with a wide range of chemical compositions used in many different applications. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-EXOs) are spherical vesicles that have been shown to mediate tissue regeneration in a variety of diseases, including neurological, autoimmune and inflammatory, cancer, ischemic heart disease, lung injury, and liver fibrosis. They can modulate the immune response by interacting with immune effector cells due to the presence of anti-inflammatory compounds and are involved in intercellular communication through various types of cargo. MSCs-EXOs exhibit cytokine storm-mitigating properties in response to COVID-19. This review discussed the potential function of MSCs-EXOs in a variety of diseases including neurological, notably epileptic encephalopathy and Parkinson's disease, cancer, angiogenesis, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We provided an overview of exosome biogenesis and factors that regulate exosome biogenesis. Additionally, we highlight the functions and potential use of MSCs-EXOs in the treatment of the inflammatory disease COVID-19. Finally, we covered a strategies and challenges of MSCs-EXOs. Finally, we discuss conclusion and future perspectives of MSCs-EXOs.

Stem cells as an option for the treatment of COVID-19

The application of stem cells is among the many strategies currently available for the treatment of multiple diseases. Stem cells are characterized as undifferentiated cells that have the ability to differentiate towards multiple lineages and self-renewal, among other attributes. Since the first umbilical cord stem cell transplant for the treatment of Fanconi anemia, the use of stem cells for the treatment of multiple diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019, has increased, showing promising results that require evaluation through research studies that include a longer follow-up time. Therefore, the main objective of this Letter is to provide an update on the use of stem cells in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, as well as identify the main challenges and limitations presented by this type of therapy.