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Yakami Y, Yagyu T, Bando T, Hanada M. Asymptomatic Essential Thrombocytosis Presenting with Extrahepatic Portal Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2023; 24:e938547. [PMID: 37766423 PMCID: PMC10546070 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.938547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential thrombocytosis (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm variant that leads to excessive platelet production in the bone marrow. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation is observed in 60% of ET cases. The risk of thrombosis increases with the presence of this mutation. ET can cause systemic thrombosis, including extra-portal vein thrombosis (EHPVT). In patients with ET-induced EHPVT, varied symptoms generally occur. However, our case was asymptomatic. This condition is relatively rare. CASE REPORT A 49-year-old woman presented to our hospital for a detailed clinical examination 1 month after a health examination, and blood tests revealed microcytic anemia and thrombocytosis. The patient had no current concerns and had no relevant medical or alcohol consumption history. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated esophageal varices, with portal hypertension suspected as the underlying cause. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans revealed a thrombus in the portal vein, but liver cirrhosis and a tumor were ruled out. JAK2 mutation was positive, which led to myeloproliferative neoplasms being considered as the differential diagnosis. Bone marrow biopsy demonstrated many mature megakaryocytes with large and irregular nuclei and platelet aggregation in the field of view, leading to the diagnosis of ET. CONCLUSIONS This case study describes a patient with EHPVT caused by JAK2-positive ET. This case report emphasizes that physicians should consider myeloproliferative neoplasms as part of their differential diagnosis when presented with EHPVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Yakami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Komatsu Hospital, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yagyu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Higashi-Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Bando
- Department of Internal Medicine, Higashi-Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hanada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Higashi-Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Huang X, Zhang M, Ai Y, Jiang S, Xiao M, Wang L, Jian Y, Zhuge Y, Zhang C, Chen S. Characteristics of myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated portal hypertension and endoscopic management of variceal bleeding. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221125691. [PMID: 36172080 PMCID: PMC9511301 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221125691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a rare yet important clinical cause of portal hypertension, which may cause recurrent gastroesophageal variceal bleeding (GVB). MPN-associated variceal bleeding lacks specific guidelines and clinical consensus and desiderates cohort studies. We performed a multicenter retrospective study to investigate the efficacy of endoscopic management of bleeding in MPNs. Methods: We included consecutive MPN patients with gastroesophageal varices in eight tertiary university hospitals between January 2007 and March 2020. The clinical characteristics of participants were summarized. MPN patients with a history of GVB were followed up for the rebleeding and death, compared with controls suffering from schistosomiasis-associated portal hypertension who received endoscopic treatment for variceal bleeding at the same period. Results: A total of 62 MPN patients with gastroesophageal varices were identified, and 37 had a history of GVB. Of these, 24 patients received endoscopic variceal ligation and endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate for the prophylaxis of variceal rebleeding. Endoscopic treatment significantly reduced the rebleeding rate in MPN patients with a history of GVB (28.2% versus 68.3%, p = 0.0269). Multivariable Cox regression indicated that endoscopic treatment (HR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02–0.54, p = 0.008) was the independent protective factor for decreasing the 3-year rebleeding rate, while the use of non-selective beta-blockers (NSBB) (HR = 13.41, 95% CI: 2.15–83.42, p = 0.005) was the risk factor for increasing the 3-year rebleeding rate. As for the efficacy of endoscopic management, 3-year rebleeding rate was significantly lower in MPN patients in contrast to 46 controls with schistosomiasis-associated variceal bleeding (32.9% versus 59.0%, p = 0.0346). Conclusion: Endoscopic treatment might be a feasible and potent approach in the management of gastroesophageal variceal rebleeding in MPNs, while NSBB might be ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjie Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yourong Jian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Center of Evidence-based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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