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Reinhard MA, Rek SV, Nenov-Matt T, Barton BB, Dewald-Kaufmann J, Merz K, Musil R, Jobst A, Brakemeier EL, Bertsch K, Padberg F. Association of loneliness and social network size in adulthood with childhood maltreatment: Analyses of a population-based and a clinical sample. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e55. [PMID: 36059118 PMCID: PMC9491078 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perceived loneliness and objective social network size are related but distinct factors, which negatively affect mental health and are prevalent in patients who have experienced childhood maltreatment (CM), for example, patients with persistent depressive disorder (PDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). This cross-diagnostic study investigated whether loneliness, social network size, or both are associated with self-reported CM. Methods Loneliness and social network size were assessed in a population-based sample at two time points (Study 1, N = 509), and a clinical group of patients with PDD or BPD (Study 2, N = 190) using the UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Social Network Index. Further measures were the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and standard depression rating scales. Linear regression analyses were applied to compare associations of loneliness or social network size with CM. Multiple mediation analyses were used to test the relative importance of loneliness and social network size in the relationship between CM and depressive symptoms. Results In both studies, loneliness showed a stronger association than social network size with CM. This was particularly marked for emotional neglect and emotional abuse. Loneliness but not social network size mediated the relationship between CM and depressive symptoms. Conclusions Loneliness is particularly associated with self-reported CM, and in this respect distinct from the social network size. Our results underline the importance of differentiating both psychosocial constructs and suggest focusing on perceived loneliness and its etiological underpinnings by mechanism-based psychosocial interventions.
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Correction. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 153:51-66. [PMID: 30908177 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2019.1578154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Anderson RE, Edwards LJ, Silver KE, Johnson DM. Intergenerational transmission of child abuse: Predictors of child abuse potential among racially diverse women residing in domestic violence shelters. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 85:80-90. [PMID: 30170920 PMCID: PMC6214774 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Parental risk for perpetrating child abuse is frequently associated with intergenerational patterns of abuse: being abused increases the risk for future abuse. Yet, the mechanisms of intergenerational abuse are unclear, and the risk factors for perpetrating child abuse are interrelated. Research suggests that history of childhood abuse, psychiatric distress, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) are all related risk factors for perpetrating child abuse. We investigated these three risk factors using the developmental psychopathology framework in a racially diverse sample of high-risk women: women residing in domestic violence shelters. 211 mothers residing in domestic violence shelters completed measures of their own childhood abuse (defined narrowly in a 10-item self-report survey), exposure to and severity of IPV victimization, and structured interviews to diagnose psychiatric disorders. We utilized a hierarchical regression model to predict child abuse potential, accounting for risk factors in blocks roughly representing theorized temporal relationships: childhood abuse followed by psychiatric diagnoses, and then recency of exposure to IPV. Consistent with hypotheses, the strongest predictor of current child abuse potential was the psychiatric diagnosis of PTSD. Mediation tests further explicated that the relationship between maternal history of childhood sexual abuse and current potential for perpetrating child abuse is mediated by IPV-related PTSD symptoms. Results suggest that IPV-related PTSD symptoms, rather than exposure to abuse (i.e., childhood abuse or IPV), is most strongly associated with child abuse potential in recent IPV survivors. Interventions which can ameliorate maternal psychopathology and provide resources are recommended for these vulnerable families.
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Affiliation(s)
- RaeAnn E Anderson
- Kent State University, Psychological Sciences, 144 Kent Hall, Kent, OH, 44242, United States; University of North Dakota, Psychology, 2000 Columbia Hall, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, United States.
| | | | - Kristin E Silver
- University of Akron, Department of Psychology, Akron, OH, 44325-4301, United States
| | - Dawn M Johnson
- University of Akron, Department of Psychology, Akron, OH, 44325-4301, United States
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Lutwak N. The Psychology of Health and Illness: The Mental Health and Physiological Effects of Intimate Partner Violence on Women. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 152:373-387. [PMID: 30089083 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2018.1447435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Violence against women is a global public health problem with about one in three women experiencing either physical and or sexual intimate partner violence during their lifetime. Globally as many as 38% of homicides committed against women are by a male intimate partner. Violence against women may have negative effects on their mental, physical, and reproductive health (WHO fact sheet, 2016). Untreated individuals who have experienced violence or life-threatening situations may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This disorder has the potential to be life-changing and cause negative psychological and medical issues (Rokach, Ahmed, & Patel, 2017). This potentially life-changing nature and consequence of violence affecting women world-wide deserves greater attention to ensure elimination of risk factors, financial support of investigational studies to promote detection of victims, and research to increase therapeutic efficacy of remediation. These efforts should be bolstered by all physicians, mental health experts, social service specialists, and public health advocates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Lutwak
- a VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, and NYU School of Medicine Departments of Psychiatry and Emergency Medicine
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Intimate partner violence and psychotic experiences in four U.S. cities. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:506-512. [PMID: 28935168 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large body of research has established a relationship between trauma exposure, particularly during childhood, and psychotic experiences. Yet, there remains a general lack of research on adult trauma exposure, including intimate partner violence (IPV), as a risk factor for psychotic experiences. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between IPV and psychotic experiences in U.S. cities. METHODS Data were collected from 1615 participants in four U.S. cities. Psychotic experiences were assessed through the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) psychosis screen along with adapted IPV measures. RESULTS Findings revealed that experiencing at least one form of IPV was significantly associated with each of the four psychotic experiences assessed for both men and women. The strongest associations were found for threatening and sexual IPV; physical IPV was not significantly associated with psychotic experiences. Exposure to IPV was associated with more than a tripling of the odds of reporting at least one psychotic experience as opposed to none. Among those exposed to IPV there was between three- to five times the odds of reporting specific subtypes of psychotic experiences. CONCLUSION The results expand on prior findings linking psychotic experiences and childhood trauma exposure to include intimate adult exposures. Emotional and sexual IPV appear to be associated with elevated risk for psychotic experiences in adulthood. Even though IPV is more commonly reported by women in the U.S., such victimization appears to have similar associations with psychotic experiences regardless of gender.
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Zhang L, Li X, Wang B, Shen Z, Zhou Y, Xu J, Tang Z, Stanton B. Violence, stigma and mental health among female sex workers in China: A structural equation modeling. Women Health 2016; 57:685-704. [PMID: 27230586 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2016.1186781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence is prevalent among female sex workers (FSWs) in China, and it is significantly associated with mental health problems among FSWs. However, limited studies have explored the mechanisms/process by which violence affects mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among partner violence, internalized stigma, and mental health problems among FSWs. Data were collected using a self-administered cross-sectional survey administered to 1,022 FSWs in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi), China during 2008-2009. We used structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships. Results indicated that violence perpetrated by either stable sexual partners or clients was directly and positively associated with mental health problems. Violence also had an indirect relation to mental health problems through stigma. Results highlight the need for interventions on counseling and care for FSWs who have experienced violence and for interventions to increase FSWs' coping skills and empowerment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhang
- a Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan , USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- a Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan , USA.,b South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
| | - Bo Wang
- a Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan , USA
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- c Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , Nanning , China
| | - Yuejiao Zhou
- c Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , Nanning , China
| | - Jinping Xu
- d Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan , USA
| | - Zhenzhu Tang
- c Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , Nanning , China
| | - Bonita Stanton
- a Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan , USA
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Boyda D, McFeeters D, Shevlin M. Intimate partner violence, sexual abuse, and the mediating role of loneliness on psychosis. PSYCHOSIS-PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIAL AND INTEGRATIVE APPROACHES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2014.917433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Taylor JY, Holston EC. MAMBRA's impact on IPV symptoms of incarcerated and formerly incarcerated women. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2014; 35:344-55. [PMID: 24766169 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2013.868962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This repeated measures, descriptive study investigated the effect of Music and Account-Making for Behavioral-Related Adaptation (MAMBRA), a group psychoeducation music intervention, on symptoms reported by 41 incarcerated and community women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). Psychosocial measurements included: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; Speilberger State Anxiety Inventory; Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale; the UCLA Loneliness Scale, version 3; and the Index of Spouse Abuse. MAMBRA was administered over four sessions for five groups of women. Through descriptive and univariate statistics, psychosocial measures positively changed across the MAMBRA sessions. These findings suggest MAMBRA impacted IPV symptoms and may be an efficacious intervention. Future longitudinal studies with diverse samples are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Y Taylor
- The University of Iowa, College of Nursing, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Kao JC, Chuong A, Reddy MK, Gobin RL, Zlotnick C, Johnson JE. Associations between past trauma, current social support, and loneliness in incarcerated populations. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2014; 2:7. [PMCID: PMC5151509 DOI: 10.1186/2194-7899-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Prisoners are a vulnerable population with higher rates of trauma than community populations. Social support is important for both in–prison adjustment and post-release community re-entry. Loneliness, a related construct to social support, has been found to be associated with elevated rates of suicidal ideation and behavior, depression, and hopelessness in incarcerated populations. Methods This study explored the relationship of past physical, sexual, and crime-related trauma to current perceived social support and loneliness in a mixed-gender sample of 235 depressed prisoners enrolled in depression treatment studies. Results History of any trauma, regardless of type, as well as physical, sexual, and crime-related traumas were associated with lower current perceived social support scores (controlling for gender). Past sexual trauma and crime-related trauma were associated with higher levels of loneliness (controlling for gender), though history of any trauma and physical trauma was not. Conclusion Findings suggest that both overall trauma and specific types of trauma are linked to perceived social support and loneliness among incarcerated persons with major depressive disorder. This is the first study, to the authors’ knowledge, that specifically observed a relationship between past trauma and current social support and loneliness in prison populations. Many intervention programs for prisoners encourage them to develop non-criminogenic and substance-free social networks. These programs should be aware that individuals who have experienced interpersonal trauma may have additional interpersonal challenges, and may need strategies to address interpersonal deficits related to trauma exposure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2194-7899-2-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Kao
- Brown University – Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 700 Butler Drive, Providence, RI 02906 USA
| | - Adam Chuong
- Brown University – Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 700 Butler Drive, Providence, RI 02906 USA
| | - Madhavi K Reddy
- Brown University – Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Psychosocial Research Program, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906 USA
| | - Robyn L Gobin
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161 USA
| | - Caron Zlotnick
- Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906 USA
| | - Jennifer E Johnson
- Brown University – Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 700 Butler Drive, Providence, RI 02906 USA
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Kunst MJJ, van Bon-Martens MJH. Examining the Link Between Domestic Violence Victimization and Loneliness in a Dutch Community Sample: A Comparison Between Victims and Nonvictims by Type D Personality. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2011; 26:403-410. [PMID: 21765596 PMCID: PMC3121940 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-011-9374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated whether differences in loneliness scores between individuals with a distressed personality type (type D personality) and subjects without such a personality varied by domestic violence victimization. Participants (N = 625) were recruited by random sampling from the Municipal Basic Administration of the Dutch city of 's-Hertogenbosch and were invited to fill out a set of questionnaires on health status. For this study, only ratings for domestic violence victimization, type D personality, feelings of loneliness, and demographics were used. Statistical analyses yielded main effects on loneliness for both type D personality and history of domestic violence victimization. Above and beyond these main effects, their interaction was significantly associated with loneliness as well. However, this result seemed to apply to emotional loneliness in particular. Findings were discussed in light of previous research and study limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J. J. Kunst
- Faculty of Law, Institute for Criminal Law and Criminology, Leiden University, Room C1.23, P.O. Box 9520, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marja J. H. van Bon-Martens
- Regional Health Service Hart voor Brabant, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Scientific Centre for Care and Welfare, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Severe physical violence between intimate partners during pregnancy: a risk factor for early cessation of exclusive breast-feeding. Public Health Nutr 2011; 14:2148-55. [PMID: 21729486 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980011000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of severe physical violence during pregnancy (SPVP) between intimate partners in early cessation of exclusive breast-feeding (EBF). DESIGN A health services survey. The revised Conflict Tactics Scale was used to characterize SPVP; premature breast-feeding cessation was identified using a current status data approach, which was based on the information reported from food recall during the preceding 7 d. The cumulative hazard function was estimated by complementary log-log transformation models, which allowed the ensuing estimation of early breast-feeding cessation rates in different age groups and the ratio of rates of weaning between women exposed and not exposed to violence. SETTING Five large public primary health-care facilities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. SUBJECTS The sample comprised 811 randomly selected mothers of children under 5 months of age who were waiting to be consulted. RESULTS SPVP is an independent risk factor of cessation of EBF since, after controlling for socio-economic, demographic, reproductive and lifestyle variables, women exposed to violence presented an incidence density that was 31% higher than those who were not exposed (hazard ratio = 1·30, 95% CI 1·01, 1·69). CONCLUSIONS The findings corroborate the hypothesis that SPVP is an important risk factor for EBF. This indicates the need for incentives to adequately train health-care personnel in dealing with lactating women in order to gain a broader view of breast-feeding beyond the biological aspects of lactation, including the maternal psychological dimension.
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