Pancreas-sparing distal duodenectomy for infrapapillary neoplasms

Segmental Duodenal Resections: Toward Defining Indications, Complexity, and Coding

BACKGROUND

Segmental resections of the duodenum are uncommonly performed and are technically challenging due to intimate relationships with the biliary tree, pancreas, and superior mesenteric vessels. The objective of this study was to assess indications, operative strategy, and outcomes of duodenal resections and to advocate that this form of resection deserves its own unique Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and Relative Value Unit (RVU) structure.

METHODS

Patients undergoing isolated and partial duodenal resection from 2008-2023 at University of Tennessee Health Science Center affiliated hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Factors examined included clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, operative time, and technique, 90-day morbidity and mortality, and pathologic and survival outcomes.

RESULTS

Thirty-one patients were identified with majority female and a median age of 61. Diagnostic studies included computed tomography and upper (including push) endoscopy. Reconstruction most often involved side-to-side duodenojejunostomy following distal duodenal resection. Intraoperative evaluation (IOE) of the biliary tree was utilized to assess and protect pancreaticobiliary structures in eleven patients. Median operative time was 206 min, increasing to 236 min when IOE was necessary. Procedure-related morbidity was 23% with one 90-day mortality. Median postoperative length of stay was 9 days. Pathology included benign adenoma, adenocarcinoma, GIST, neuroendocrine neoplasms, and erosive metastatic deposit.

CONCLUSION

Duodenal resections can be effectively employed to safely address diverse pathologies. These procedures are characterized by long operative times, extended hospital stays, and an incidence of postoperative complications that mimics that of pancreatic resection. This work highlights the need for modification to the CPT system to accurately define these distinct procedures for future research endeavors and development of a more accurate valuation unit.

Treatment Strategy of Pancreas-Sparing Distal Duodenectomy for Distal Duodenal Malignancies with Adjustable Dissection Levels According to Disease Progression (with Video)

BACKGROUND

Pancreas-sparing distal duodenectomy (PSDD) is a favorable option for distal duodenal neoplasms, and its procedure, including the extent of lymphadenectomy, should be modified according to the malignancy of the tumor. However, there are no coherent reports on the details of this procedure or long-term outcomes after each resection.

METHODS

This study included 24 patients who underwent PSDD at our institution between January 2009 and October 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to the tumor progression: nine with (Lv-II) and fifteen without (Lv-I) mesopancreas dissection. Postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

Two groups had similar operation times, blood loss, hospital stay, and the rate of delayed gastric emptying (DGE): 40% versus 44%. There were no Clavien-Dindo classification ≥ III complications in the Lv-II group. The Lv-II group had a larger number of examined lymph nodes (median: 29), and three (33%) patients had lymph node metastasis. No local recurrence was observed, although two patients in the Lv-II group had liver metastasis. The 5-year overall survival rates of the Lv-I and Lv-II groups were 100% and 78%, respectively. None of the patients had an impaired nutrition status after one year of surgery, and no rehospitalization was observed in either group.

CONCLUSION

Although PSDD with or without mesopancreas dissection entailed a high risk of DGE, this procedure showed favorable long-term outcomes and may be an alternative to pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with distal duodenal neoplasms.

Fully Laparoscopic Pancreas-Preserving Resection of the Third and Fourth Portion of the Duodenum for Adenocarcinomas and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Technical Report on a Case Series

Background: Infra-ampullary duodenal lesions are rare and surgical management is controversial. The commonly accepted treatment, which allows radical resection, is pancreaticoduodenectomy, but segmental duodenal resection has been considered as alternative. Aim of the study was to describe the effectiveness of minimally invasive resection of the third/fourth portion of the duodenum for both benign and malignant lesions, with pancreas preservation and reconstruction through end-to-side duodenojejunostomy. Methods: Data from patients undergoing elective laparoscopic curative duodenal resection with pancreas preservation between June 2005 and June 2019 were prospectively collected. Results: A total of 5 patients were identified (3M/2F), median age 73 years (range: 54-83). Lesions were all located in the third or fourth portion of the duodenum and were adenocarcinoma in 2 patients (pT2N0 and pT3N2, both 3 cm in diameter) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 3 patients (two pT1N0 and one pT2N0, low-risk according to Miettinen, of 3, 2, and 5 cm in diameter, respectively). The operations lasted a median of 225 minutes (range: 180-300). Digestive continuity was restored with fully laparoscopic side-to-side duodenojejunostomy in all cases. One patient developed pneumonia after surgery (20%) and required also postoperative blood transfusions. Reoperation and mortality rate was nil. Median postoperative stay was 11 days (range: 10-13). The median follow-up was 30 months. Conclusions: Fully laparoscopic pancreas-preserving duodenal resection with duodenojejunal reconstruction can be a safe and feasible option for both benign and malignant lesions of the third and fourth portion of the duodenum. It brings good oncological results, but it needs to be validated with larger number of patients.

Pancreas sparing duodenectomy in the treatment of primary duodenal neoplasms and other situations with duodenal involvement

BACKGROUND

There are no clearly defined indications for pancreas-preserving duodenectomy. The present study aimed to analyze postoperative morbidity and the outcomes of patients undergoing pancreas-preserving duodenectomy.

METHODS

Patients undergoing pancreas-preserving duodenectomy from April 2008 to May 2020 were included. We divided the series according to indication: scenario 1, primary duodenal tumors; scenario 2, tumors of another origin with duodenal involvement; and scenario 3, emergency duodenectomy.

RESULTS

We included 35 patients. Total duodenectomy was performed in 1 patient of adenomatous duodenal polyposis, limited duodenectomy in 7, and third + fourth duodenal portion resection in 27. The indications for scenario 1 were gastrointestinal stromal tumor (n = 13), adenocarcinoma (n = 4), neuroendocrine tumor (n = 3), duodenal adenoma (n = 1), and adenomatous duodenal polyposis (n = 1); scenario 2: retroperitoneal desmoid tumor (n = 2), recurrence of liposarcoma (n = 2), retroperitoneal paraganglioma (n = 1), neuroendocrine tumor in pancreatic uncinate process (n = 1), and duodenal infiltration due to metastatic adenopathies of a germinal tumor with digestive hemorrhage (n = 1); and scenario 3: aortoenteric fistula (n = 3), duodenal trauma (n = 1), erosive duodenitis (n = 1), and biliopancreatic limb ischemia (n = 1). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ IIIb) developed in 14% (5/35), and postoperative mortality was 3% (1/35).

CONCLUSIONS

Pancreas-preserving duodenectomy is useful in the management of primary duodenal tumors, and is a technical option for some tumors with duodenal infiltration or in emergency interventions.

Food-Induced Duodenal Obstruction Successfully Reopened by Endoscopic Treatment

Duodenal obstruction is a rare event that is unlikely to be treated endoscopically. Herein, we describe the case of a 75-year-old woman who presented with vomiting and was diagnosed with food-induced duodenal obstruction. Impacted food was fragmented and removed by double-balloon enteroscopy, and the duodenal tract was reopened without any adverse events. Follow-up capsule endoscopy was performed one month after treatment to determine the obstruction etiology and it revealed a remarkably delayed passage of the capsule through the duodenum and excessive amounts of floating food residue in the third portion of the duodenum. Obstruction recurrence was not observed six months after endoscopic treatment. In conclusion, in our case, endoscopic treatment of duodenal obstruction prevented the unnecessary performance of surgery, suggesting its clinical utility for this condition.

Side-to-side duodenojejunostomy after resection of third and fourth duodenal portions with pancreatic preservation

Infra-ampullary duodenal lesions are rare and surgical management is controversial. Reconstruction after resection is usually performed by end-to-end or end-to-side duodenojejunostomy. The goal was to analyze our experience, perioperative management, and results after side-to-side duodenojejunostomy. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated short- and long-term results of surgical resections of third and fourth duodenal portions for several kinds of lesions and reconstruction through duodenojejunostomy performed in our facilities between January 2012 and December 2018. In total, 12 patients were selected for our study, six were male. The median age was 66.3 (IQR: 77.3-59.4). Lesion classification was as follows: 6 cases (50%) of duodenal adenocarcinoma, 4 cases (33.3%) of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), and 2 cases (16.7%) of benign pathology. The most frequent clinical presentation was obstruction with vomiting. The surgical technique of choice was resection of third and fourth duodenal portions with a segment of proximal jejunum. Digestive continuity was restored through side-to-side duodenojejunostomy in 11 cases (91.6%). The median operation time was 182.5 min (IQR 237.5-136.3 min). Nine of the 12 patients (75%) did not receive intra- or postoperative blood transfusions. Six patients (50%) experienced complications during post-op. Four of them (33%) experienced major complications (Clavien-Dindo > IIIa) and three required re-op. The median follow-up was 58.3 (95% CI 15-101.5) months. Of the 11 patients with long-term follow-up, 10 have remained asymptomatic during follow-up. The average disease-free survival (DFS) was 43.1 months for adenocarcinoma, and 93 months for GIST. Based on the results of our series, although small, pancreas-sparing duodenectomy could be considered a feasible and safe technique with adequate oncological results. Side-to-side duodenojejunostomy appears to be a safe technique, is easy to perform, and has good functional outcomes. More studies with a larger number of patients are necessary to confirm these findings.

Limited distal duodenal resection: Surgical approach and outcomes. A case series

Introduction

Tumours involving the duodenum are usually treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy, which may be associated with considerable morbidity. Limited distal duodenal resection, a relatively smaller procedure, can be done in some of these patients. We describe our experience with this operation for such lesions.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed, from prospectively collected data 10 consecutive patients who underwent limited duodenal and proximal jejunal resection between March 2011 and Nov 2015.

Results

There were 8 males and 2 females who had a median age of 47 years. Their common presentations were abdominal pain (50%) and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (40%). Five had malignancy (adenocarcinoma: 2, neuroendocrine tumours: 2, non Hodgkin's lymphoma 1). Three had gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) and 2 had other benign tumours (lipoma 1, ectopic pancreas 1). The 30-day post-operative morbidity rate was 60% (n = 6) with mostly minor complications (Clavien grade 1 or 2). Median post-operative stay was 9 (range, 6–13) days. All ten patients were alive without recurrence after a median follow up of 26.5 months.

Conclusion

Limited distal duodenal resection is a feasible surgical alternative to a pancreaticoduodenectomy in carefully selected patients with benign and some malignant tumours of the third and fourth part of the duodenum.

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Pancreaticodudenctomy is the usual treatment for tumours of the duodenum, which still has 30–50% morbidity.

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Limited resection of the duodenum without pancreatic head resection for benign as well carefully selected malignant tumours of the distal duodenum has considerably lesser morbidity.

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Cattell and Braash maneuver and mobilization of the ligament of Treitz is very helpful during such resection.

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The present study suggests the feasibility of performing such limited resection with equivalent survival and oncological outcomes.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Duodenal Lipoma: A Systematic Review and a Case Report

INTRODUCTION

Duodenal lipoma is very rare with limited case reports present in literature. Owing to recent advances in endoscopy and modern imaging techniques, more cases are being diagnosed and treated. However, no systematic study of duodenal lipomas has been reported.

AIM

To study the diagnosis and treatment of duodenal lipoma in a female patient and review the relative literatures to enhance the knowledge of it.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A literature search for 'duodenal lipoma' was performed on PubMed. Papers published from 1948 to 2016 in the English language were identified. Each article was then read in detail and analysed for clinical data, imaging features, diagnosis and therapy. Also, we hereby present a case of upper gastrointestinal obstruction secondary to multiple duodenal lipomas in a 67-year-old woman. The patient underwent a limited bowel resection with an uneventful recovery.

RESULTS

Literature review demonstrated 59 cases of duodenal lipoma, which indicate that duodenal lipomas are rare to occur but commonly found in the second part. The peak of incidence seems to be around the fifth and seventh decade of life. Duodenal lipomas may present as gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain, obstruction or upper abdominal fullness. CT, MRI, Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS), endoscopy are highly accurate diagnostic tools. The disease could be managed by endoscopy or surgery.

CONCLUSION

Our review of literature indicated duodenal lipoma is extremely rare. The symptoms are nonspecific and CT is the first choice for diagnosis. The treatment depends on the patient's condition as well as the size and position of the tumour.

Pancreas preserving distal duodenectomy: A versatile operation for a range of infra-papillary pathologies

AIM

To investigate the range of pathologies treated by pancreas preserving distal duodenectomy (PPDD) and present the outcome of follow-up.

METHODS

Neoplastic lesions of the duodenum are treated conventionally by pancreaticoduodenectomy. Lesions distal to the major papilla may be suitable for a pancreas-preserving distal duodenectomy, potentially reducing morbidity and mortality. We present our experience with this procedure. Selective intraoperative duodenoscopy assessed the relationship of the papilla to the lesion. After duodenal mobilisation and confirmation of the site of the lesion, the duodenum was transected distal to the papilla and beyond the duodenojejunal flexure and a side-to-side duodeno-jejunal anastomosis was formed. Patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database and outcomes determined from digital health records with a dataset including demographics, co-morbidities, mode of presentation, preoperative imaging and assessment, nutritional support needs, technical operative details, blood transfusion requirements, length of stay, pathology including lymph node yield and lymph node involvement, length of follow-up, complications and outcomes. Related published literature was also reviewed.

RESULTS

Twenty-four patients had surgery with the intent of performing PPDD from 2003 to 2016. Nineteen underwent PPDD successfully. Two patients planned for PPDD proceeded to formal pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) while three had unresectable disease. Median post-operative follow-up was 32 mo. Pathologies resected included duodenal adenocarcinoma (n = 6), adenomas (n = 5), gastrointestinal stromal tumours (n = 4) and lipoma, bleeding duodenal diverticulum, locally advanced colonic adenocarcinoma and extrinsic compression (n = 1 each). Median postoperative length of stay (LOS) was 8 d and morbidity was low [pain and nausea/vomiting (n = 2), anastomotic stricture (n = 1), pneumonia (n = 1), and overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis (n = 1, asplenic patient)]. PPDD was associated with a significantly shorter LOS than a contemporaneous PD series [PPDD 8 (6-14) d vs PD 11 (10-16) d, median (IQR), P = 0.026]. The 30-d mortality was zero and 16 of 19 patients are alive to date. One patient died of recurrent duodenal adenocarcinoma 18 mo postoperatively and two died of unrelated disease (at 2 mo and at 8 years respectively).

CONCLUSION

PPDD is a versatile operation that can provide definitive treatment for a range of duodenal pathologies including adenocarcinoma.

Multiple Duodenal Lipomas as a Rare Cause of Upper Gastrointestinal Obstruction: Case Report and Literature Review

Duodenal lipomas are rare benign tumors and pose a diagnostic challenge as their symptoms are non-specific. In this article, we reported a case of duodenal lipoma presenting as upper gastrointestinal obstruction and reviewed the literature on relevant clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment. Our review of literature indicated that multiple duodenal lipomas as a cause of upper gastrointestinal obstruction as reported here are extremely rare. The preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the key to diagnosis, and surgical resection is the most effective means for the management of such duodenal lipomas.

Limited Resection of the Duodenum for Nonampullary Duodenal Tumors, with Review of the Literature

The surgical management of duodenal pathology is challenging because of its retroperitoneal position and shared blood supply with the pancreas. We present three types of limited resection of the duodenum for the removal of superficial or small nonampullary duodenal (NADL) lesions, and also a review of the English literature regarding management, such as endoscopic resection and limited duodenal resection. Ten cases underwent limited resections of the duodenum for superficial or small NADL lesions from 2011 to 2015. Pancreas-preserving segmental duodenectomy was performed in three cases, local full-thickness resection was performed in three and transduodenal submucosal dissection was performed in four. One patient experienced pancreatic fistula as a postoperative complication. Postoperative pathological diagnosis were adenoma (n = 2), mucosal adenocarcinomas (n = 5), and neuroendocrine tumor (n = 3). Surgical margin was negative in all cases, and no patient has experienced postoperative recurrence or metastasis. Limited resections of the duodenum were feasible and safe procedures for patients with superficial or small NADL lesions. Laparoscopic surgery may be considered in treatment for these tumors. However, the optimal surgical management for superficial or small nonampullary duodenal lesions remains controversial.

Successful treatment of large adenoma extending close to the papilla in the duodenum by laparoscopy-assisted pancreas-sparing duodenectomy

A 54-year-old man had a 65-mm infrapapillary, circular, and laterally spreading tubular adenoma in the distal second and proximal third parts of the duodenum. The papilla was 15 mm from the proximal margin of the tumor. Because the patient requested organ-preserving laparoscopic surgery, we conducted laparoscopy-assisted pancreas-sparing duodenectomy (LAPSD). LAPSD consists of five major procedures: (i) laparoscopic wide Kocher maneuver and transection of the proximal jejunum; (ii) laparoscopic separation of the duodenum from the pancreas; (iii) creation of a small upper median laparotomy; (iv) extracorporeal completion of the segmental duodenectomy; and (v) extracorporeal intestinal reconstruction. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 8. Histopathological examination revealed that the circumferential margin of the specimen was negative for tumor cells. LAPSD provided a clear margin without damaging the papilla and eliminated the possibility of peritoneal or port-site seeding of tumor cells because part of the procedure was performed extracorporeally. LAPSD is a useful alternative to pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with a large adenoma extending close to the papilla in the duodenum.

Treatment for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors

Because of the low prevalence of non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (NADETs), standardized clinical management of sporadic superficial NADETs, including diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up, has not yet been established. Retrospective studies have revealed certain endoscopic findings suggestive of malignancy. Duodenal adenoma with high-grade dysplasia and mucosal cancer are candidates for local resection by endoscopic or minimally invasive surgery. The use of endoscopic treatment including endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), for the treatment for superficial NADETs is increasing. EMR requires multiple sessions to achieve complete remission and repetitive endoscopy is needed after resection. ESD provides an excellent complete resection rate, however it remains a challenging method, considering the high risk of intraoperative or delayed perforation. Minimally invasive surgery such as wedge resection and pancreas-sparing duodenectomy are beneficial for superficial NADETs that are technically difficult to remove by endoscopic treatment. Pancreaticoduodenectomy remains a standard surgical procedure for treatment of duodenal cancer with submucosal invasion, which presents a risk of lymph node metastasis. Endoscopic or surgical treatment outcomes of superficial NADETs without submucosal invasion are satisfactory. Establishing an endoscopic diagnostic tool to differentiate superficial NADETs between adenoma and cancer as well as between mucosal and submucosal cancer is required to select the most appropriate treatment.

Experience with the technique of pancreas-sparing distal duodenectomy

Pancreas-sparing distal duodenectomy (PSDD) is a novel surgical technique for tumors of distal duodenum below the ampulla to achieve oncologically free margins and avoid multiple anastomoses. We report PSDD performed in five cases, three duodenal adenocarcinoma, and two neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Three patients had adenocarcinoma of D3 and D4 with free ampulla. PSDD was performed with total excision of regional nodes. In the two patients with NETs, one had a mass lesion close to the pancreatic head. The mass was excised followed by PSDD. There were four small primary NETs in the duodenum, and the mass was metastatic lymph node. The second patient had primary duodenal NET with liver metastases. After transarterial chemoembolization, PSDD with liver metastatectomy was performed. Specimens in all five cases showed clear margins. The patients had a smooth recovery and were well at a median follow up of 10 months.

Laparoscopic partial sleeve duodenectomy (PSD) for nonampullary duodenal neoplasms: avoiding a whipple by separating the duodenum from the pancreatic head

OBJECTIVE

To learn the clinical outcome of patients undergoing laparoscopic partial sleeve duodenectomy (PSD) for lesions, which require sleeve resection of the duodenum. Traditionally, these lesions require en bloc excision of the head of the pancreas performed in an open fashion.

METHODS

A retrospective review of medical records of patients with nonampullary large or circumferential duodenal lesions, which were not amenable to endoscopic or local resection for complete removal, was performed. Characteristics, complications, and technical details were analyzed.

RESULTS

Ten patients (5 men and 5 women; mean age, 70 years) with duodenal lesions including adenoma (n = 5), adenocarcinoma (n = 2), lymphangiolipoma (n = 1), leiomyoma (n = 1), and neuroendocrine tumor (n = 1) were included. All patients underwent a laparoscopic approach with either a proximal PSD (n = 3) or distal PSD (n = 7) after separation of the duodenum from the pancreatic head. Reconstruction was carried out by a side-to-side duodenojejunostomy (n = 7), end-to-side duodenojejunostomy (n = 2), or gastrojejunostomy (n = 1). Mean length of stay was 5.6 days, and complications were 20%.

CONCLUSIONS

Laparoscopic PSD seems to be a safe and easily applicable technique for treatment of duodenal lesions not involving the ampulla, which requires separation of the duodenum from the pancreas head with sleeve resection of the duodenum and subsequent reconstruction.

Resection of the second portion of the duodenum sacrificing the minor papilla but preserving the pancreas for a recurrent duodenal adenocarcinoma: report of a case

Duodenal adenocarcinoma is a relatively rare malignancy and pancreaticoduodenectomy would be a standard procedure to achieve curative resection. We report a case of resection of the 2nd portion of the duodenum with nodal dissection preserving the pancreas. The patient was a 75-year-old man with right-sided paresis suffering from early cancer in the 2nd portion of the duodenum. Despite 3 times of endoscopic mucosal resections, mucosal local recurrence was found. The depth of the tumour involvement continued to be limited within the mucosal layer. We performed segmental duodenal resection with nodal dissection sacrificing the minor papilla, while preserving the pancreas and the major papilla. The pathological diagnosis was primary intramucosal adenocarcinoma; the surgical margin was negative for cancer and there was no nodal metastasis. This procedure can be an alternative to pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with earlystage adenocarcinoma in the 2nd portion of the duodenum when the major papilla can be spared, especially in high-risk patients.

Laparoscopic pancreas-preserving subtotal duodenectomy for gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the duodenum are rare neoplasms. The optimal surgical procedure is debated and several options ranging from limited resections to pancreaticoduodenectomy have been reported. The laparoscopic approach has been validated for gastric GISTs, but it does not yet represent a standard technique for tumors of the duodenum. We report the case of a localized duodenal GIST that was successfully treated by totally laparoscopic pancreas-preserving subtotal duodenectomy. This procedure may represent a feasible and effective treatment option for localized GISTs of the duodenum. Large series with long-term follow-up are needed.

Pancreas-preserving segmental duodenectomy for gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the duodenum and splenectomy for splenic angiosarcoma

BACKGROUND

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and occur rarely in the duodenum. Splenic angiosarcoma is an aggressive neoplasm with an extremely poor prognosis.

METHODS

We report a case of a 70-year-old man hospitalized for abdominal pain in the upper quadrants, dyspepsia and nausea, previously treated for Hodgkin lymphoma 30 years ago. Abdominal CT showed a solid nodular lesion in the third portion of the duodenum, the presence of retropancreatic, aortic and caval lymph nodes, and four nodular splenic masses. (111)In-octreotide scintigraphy revealed pathological tissue accumulation in the duodenal region, and in the retropancreatic, retroduodenal, aortic and caval lymph nodes, suggesting a nonfunctioning neuroendocrine peripancreatic tumor.

RESULTS

At exploratory laparotomy, an exophytic soft tumor was found originating from the third portion of the duodenum. Pancreas-preserving duodenectomy with duodenojejunostomy, splenectomy and lymphnodectomy of retropancreatic aortic and caval lymph nodes were performed. Pathological evaluation and immunohistochemical studies showed the presence of a duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor with low mitotic activity and a well-differentiated angiosarcoma localized to the spleen and invading lymph nodes.

CONCLUSIONS

We speculated that the angiosarcoma and duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors of this patient were due to the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma with radiotherapy 30 years ago. Pancreas-preserving segmental duodenectomy can be used to treat non-malignant neoplasms of the duodenum and avoid extensive surgery. Splenectomy is the treatment of choice for localized angiosarcomas but a strict follow-up is mandatory because of the possibility of recurrence.

Adenocarcinoma of the minor duodenal papilla treated with pancreas-sparing segmental duodenectomy: case report and review of the literature

Carcinoma of the minor duodenal papilla is extremely rare. We present the case of a 69-year-old man diagnosed with a tumor of the second portion of the duodenum by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which revealed a 1.5-cm elevated tumor with slight ulceration at the minor duodenal papilla. Biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma, and a computed tomography scan showed an enhanced tumor in the duodenum, with no abnormality in the pancreatic head. A pancreas-sparing segmental duodenectomy was performed, and the duodenum reconstructed with an end-to-end anastomosis. Microscopically, the tumor was a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, with no infiltration at the cut end of the accessory pancreatic duct. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient discharged on postoperative day 11. We reviewed previously reported cases of carcinoma of the minor duodenal papilla. Early and exact preoperative diagnosis of duodenal neoplasms makes it possible to select a less invasive treatment, which also maintains curability.