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Abdelnabi D, Lastakchi S, Watts C, Atkins H, Hingtgen S, Valdivia A, McConville C. Local administration of irinotecan using an implantable drug delivery device stops high-grade glioma tumor recurrence in a glioblastoma tumor model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01524-x. [PMID: 38319555 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The treatment for Glioblastoma is limited due to the presence of the blood brain barrier, which restricts the entry of chemotherapeutic drugs into the brain. Local delivery into the tumor resection margin has the potential to improve efficacy of chemotherapy. We developed a safe and clinically translatable irinotecan implant for local delivery to increase its efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. Irinotecan-loaded implants were manufactured using hot melt extrusion, gamma sterilized at 25 kGy, and characterized for their irinotecan content, release, and drug diffusion. Their therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in a patient-derived xenograft mouse resection model of glioblastoma. Their safety and translatability were evaluated using histological analysis of brain tissue and serum chemistry analysis. Implants containing 30% and 40% w/w irinotecan were manufactured without plasticizer. The 30% and 40% implants showed moderate local toxicity up to 2- and 6-day post-implantation. Histopathology of the implantation site showed signs of necrosis at days 45 and 14 for the 30% and 40% implants. Hematological analysis and clinical chemistry showed no signs of serious systemic toxicity for either implant. The 30% implants had an 80% survival at day 148, with no sign of tumor recurrence. Gamma sterilization and 12-month storage had no impact on the integrity of the 30% implants. This study demonstrates that the 30% implants are a promising novel treatment for glioblastoma that could be quickly translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Abdelnabi
- School of Pharmacy, Robert Aitken Institute for Clinical Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sarah Lastakchi
- School of Pharmacy, Robert Aitken Institute for Clinical Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Colin Watts
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hannah Atkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shawn Hingtgen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alain Valdivia
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Christopher McConville
- School of Pharmacy, Robert Aitken Institute for Clinical Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
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Hauck M, Hellmold D, Kubelt C, Synowitz M, Adelung R, Schütt F, Held‐Feindt J. Localized Drug Delivery Systems in High‐Grade Glioma Therapy – From Construction to Application. Advanced Therapeutics 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarethe Hauck
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science Kiel University Kiel 24143 Germany
| | - Dana Hellmold
- Department of Neurosurgery University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein UKSH Campus Kiel Kiel 24105 Germany
| | - Carolin Kubelt
- Department of Neurosurgery University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein UKSH Campus Kiel Kiel 24105 Germany
| | - Michael Synowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein UKSH Campus Kiel Kiel 24105 Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science Kiel University Kiel 24143 Germany
| | - Fabian Schütt
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science Kiel University Kiel 24143 Germany
| | - Janka Held‐Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein UKSH Campus Kiel Kiel 24105 Germany
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McCrorie P, Rowlinson J, Scurr DJ, Marlow M, Rahman R. Detection of Label-Free Drugs within Brain Tissue Using Orbitrap Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry as a Complement to Neuro-Oncological Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 35335947 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, pre-clinical neuro-oncological drug delivery studies have exhaustively relied upon overall animal survival as an exclusive measure of efficacy. However, with no adopted methodology to both image and quantitate brain parenchyma penetration of label-free drugs, an absence of efficacy typically hampers clinical translational potential, rather than encourage re-formulation of drug compounds using nanocarriers to achieve greater tissue penetration. OrbiSIMS, a next-generation analytical instrument for label-free imaging, combines the high resolving power of an OrbiTrapTM mass spectrometer with the relatively high spatial resolution of secondary ion mass spectrometry. Here, we develop an ex vivo pipeline using OrbiSIMS to accurately detect brain penetration of drug compounds. Secondary ion spectra were acquired for a panel of drugs (etoposide, olaparib, gemcitabine, vorinostat and dasatinib) under preclinical consideration for the treatment of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 wild-type glioblastoma. Each drug demonstrated diagnostic secondary ions (all present molecular ions [M-H]− which could be discriminated from brain analytes when spiked at >20 µg/mg tissue. Olaparib/dasatinib and olaparib/etoposide dual combinations are shown as exemplars for the capability of OrbiSIMS to discriminate distinct drug ions simultaneously. Furthermore, we demonstrate the imaging capability of OrbiSIMS to simultaneously illustrate label-free drug location and brain chemistry. Our work encourages the neuro-oncology community to consider mass spectrometry imaging modalities to complement in vivo efficacy studies, as an analytical tool to assess brain distribution of systemically administered drugs, or localised brain penetration of drugs released from micro- or nano-scale biomaterials.
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Parkins CC, McAbee JH, Ruff L, Wendler A, Mair R, Gilbertson RJ, Watts C, Scherman OA. Mechanically matching the rheological properties of brain tissue for drug-delivery in human glioblastoma models. Biomaterials 2021; 276:120919. [PMID: 34419838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peptide functionalized hyaluronic acid (HACF) cross-linked by cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), a new class of drug-delivery reservoirs, is used to enable improved drug bioavailability for glioblastoma tumors in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The mechanical and viscoelastic properties of native human and mouse tissues are measured over 8 h via oscillatory rheology under physiological conditions. Treatment with drug-loaded hydrogels allowed for a significant survival impact of 45 % (55.5-80.5 days). A relationship between the type of PDX tumor formed-a consequence of the heterogeneic nature of GB tumors-and changes in the initial survival is observed owing to greater local pressure from stiffer tumors. These biocompatible and tailorable materials warrant use as drug delivery reservoirs in PDX resection models, where the mechanical properties can be readily adjusted to match the stiffness of local tissue and thus have potential to improve the survival of GB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Parkins
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph H McAbee
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK; Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lisa Ruff
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Astrid Wendler
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard Mair
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Colin Watts
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Brain Cancer Program, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
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Vasey CE, Cavanagh RJ, Taresco V, Moloney C, Smith S, Rahman R, Alexander C. Polymer Pro-Drug Nanoparticles for Sustained Release of Cytotoxic Drugs Evaluated in Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cell Lines and In Situ Gelling Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020208. [PMID: 33546301 PMCID: PMC7913572 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common, malignant and aggressive brain tumour in adults. Despite the use of multimodal treatments, involving surgery, followed by concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the median survival for patients remains less than 15 months from diagnosis. Low penetration of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dose-limiting factor for systemic GBM therapies, and as a result, post-surgical intracranial drug delivery strategies are being developed to ensure local delivery of drugs within the brain. Here we describe the effects of PEGylated poly(lactide)-poly(carbonate)-doxorubicin (DOX) nanoparticles (NPs) on the metabolic activity of primary cancer cell lines derived from adult patients following neurosurgical resection, and the commercially available GBM cell line, U87. The results showed that non-drug-loaded NPs were well tolerated at concentrations of up to 100 µg/mL while tumour cell-killing effects were observed for the DOX-NPs at the same concentrations. Further experiments evaluated the release of DOX from polymer-DOX conjugate NPs when incorporated in a thermosensitive in situ gelling poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA/PEG) matrix paste, in order to simulate the clinical setting of a locally injected formulation for GBM following surgical tumour resection. These assays demonstrated drug release from the polymer pro-drugs, when in PLGA/PEG matrices of two formulations, over clinically relevant time scales. These findings encourage future in vivo assessment of the potential capability of polymer-drug conjugate NPs to penetrate brain parenchyma efficaciously, when released from existing interstitial delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Vasey
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Robert J Cavanagh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cara Moloney
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute-3, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stuart Smith
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute-3, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ruman Rahman
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute-3, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Zhang Y, Jiang C. Postoperative cancer treatments: In-situ delivery system designed on demand. J Control Release 2021; 330:554-564. [PMID: 33359583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The keys to the prevention of tumor recurrence after operation are the elimination of residual tumor cells and the reversal of microenvironments that induce recurrence. In the formulation of a treatment scheme, building an appropriate drug delivery system is essential. An in-situ drug delivery system (ISDDS) is regarded as an effective treatment route for postoperative use that increases drug delivery efficiency and mitigates side-effects. ISDDS technology has been considerably improved through a clearer understanding of the mechanisms of postoperative recurrence and the development of drug delivery materials. This paper describes the initiation and characteristics of postoperative recurrence mechanisms. Based on this information, design principles for ISDDS are proposed, and a variety of practical drug delivery systems that fulfil specific therapeutic needs are presented. Challenges and future opportunities related to the application of in-situ drug carriers for inhibiting cancer recurrence are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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McCrorie P, Mistry J, Taresco V, Lovato T, Fay M, Ward I, Ritchie AA, Clarke PA, Smith SJ, Marlow M, Rahman R. Etoposide and olaparib polymer-coated nanoparticles within a bioadhesive sprayable hydrogel for post-surgical localised delivery to brain tumours. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 157:108-120. [PMID: 33068736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumour with a median survival of 14.6 months from diagnosis. Despite maximal surgical resection and concurrent chemoradiotherapy, reoccurrence is inevitable. To try combating the disease at a stage of low residual tumour burden immediately post-surgery, we propose a localised drug delivery system comprising of a spray device, bioadhesive hydrogel (pectin) and drug nanocrystals coated with polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol (NCPPs), to be administered directly into brain parenchyma adjacent to the surgical cavity. We have repurposed pectin for use within the brain, showing in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, bio-adhesion to mammalian brain and gelling at physiological brain calcium concentrations. Etoposide and olaparib NCPPs with high drug loading have shown in vitro stability and drug release over 120 h. Pluronic F127 stabilised NCPPs to ensure successful spraying, as determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Successful delivery of Cy5-labelled NCPPs was demonstrated in a large ex vivo mammalian brain, with NCPP present in the tissue surrounding the resection cavity. Our data collectively demonstrates the pre-clinical development of a novel localised delivery device based on a sprayable hydrogel containing therapeutic NCPPs, amenable for translation to intracranial surgical resection models for the treatment of malignant brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe McCrorie
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jatin Mistry
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tatiana Lovato
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael Fay
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ian Ward
- School of Life Sciences Imaging, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alison A Ritchie
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philip A Clarke
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stuart J Smith
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maria Marlow
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Contreras-Ochoa CO, López-Arellano ME, Roblero-Bartolon G, Díaz-Chávez J, Moreno-Banda GL, Reyna-Figueroa J, Munguía-Moreno JA, Madrid-Marina V, Lagunas-Martínez A. Molecular mechanisms of cell death induced in glioblastoma by experimental and antineoplastic drugs: New and old drugs induce apoptosis in glioblastoma. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:464-476. [PMID: 31823663 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119892041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive astrocytic tumors; it is resistant to most chemotherapeutic agents currently available and is associated with a poor patient survival. Thus, the development of new anticancer compounds is urgently required. Herein, we studied the molecular mechanisms of cell death induced by the experimental drugs resveratrol and MG132 or the antineoplastic drugs cisplatin and etoposide on a human GBM cell line (D54) and on primary cultured mouse astrocytes (PCMAs). Caspases, Bcl-2, inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP) family members, and p53 were identified as potential molecular targets for these drugs. All drugs had a cytotoxic effect on D54 cells and PCMAs, with a similar inhibitory concentration (IC50) after 24 h. However, MG132 and cisplatin were more effective to induce apoptosis and autophagy than resveratrol and etoposide. Cell death by apoptosis involved the activation of caspases-3/7, -8, and -9, increased lysosomal permeability, LC3 lipidation, poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 fragmentation, and a differential expression of genes related with apoptosis and autophagy like Mcl-1, Survivin, Noxa, LC3, and Beclin. In addition, apoptosis activation was partially dependent on p53 activation. Since experimental and antineoplastic drugs yielded similar results, further work is required to justify their use in clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Contreras-Ochoa
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - M E López-Arellano
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Jiutepec, Morelos, México
| | - G Roblero-Bartolon
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - J Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - G L Moreno-Banda
- Departamento de Investigación en Salud Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, INSP, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - J Reyna-Figueroa
- Departamento de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad Petróleos Mexicanos, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J A Munguía-Moreno
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - V Madrid-Marina
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.,Both the authors contributed equally to this work
| | - A Lagunas-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.,Both the authors contributed equally to this work
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Smith SJ, Tyler BM, Gould T, Veal GJ, Gorelick N, Rowlinson J, Serra R, Ritchie A, Berry P, Otto A, Choi J, Skuli N, Estevez-cebrero M, Shakesheff KM, Brem H, Grundy RG, Rahman R. Overall Survival in Malignant Glioma Is Significantly Prolonged by Neurosurgical Delivery of Etoposide and Temozolomide from a Thermo-Responsive Biodegradable Paste. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5094-106. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mangraviti A, Gullotti D, Tyler B, Brem H. Nanobiotechnology-based delivery strategies: New frontiers in brain tumor targeted therapies. J Control Release 2016; 240:443-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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