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Branco VV, Cardoso P. An expert-based assessment of global threats and conservation measures for spiders. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Astrin JJ, Höfer H, Spelda J, Holstein J, Bayer S, Hendrich L, Huber BA, Kielhorn KH, Krammer HJ, Lemke M, Monje JC, Morinière J, Rulik B, Petersen M, Janssen H, Muster C. Towards a DNA Barcode Reference Database for Spiders and Harvestmen of Germany. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162624. [PMID: 27681175 PMCID: PMC5040438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the German Barcode of Life campaign, over 3500 arachnid specimens have been collected and analyzed: ca. 3300 Araneae and 200 Opiliones, belonging to almost 600 species (median: 4 individuals/species). This covers about 60% of the spider fauna and more than 70% of the harvestmen fauna recorded for Germany. The overwhelming majority of species could be readily identified through DNA barcoding: median distances between closest species lay around 9% in spiders and 13% in harvestmen, while in 95% of the cases, intraspecific distances were below 2.5% and 8% respectively, with intraspecific medians at 0.3% and 0.2%. However, almost 20 spider species, most notably in the family Lycosidae, could not be separated through DNA barcoding (although many of them present discrete morphological differences). Conspicuously high interspecific distances were found in even more cases, hinting at cryptic species in some instances. A new program is presented: DiStats calculates the statistics needed to meet DNA barcode release criteria. Furthermore, new generic COI primers useful for a wide range of taxa (also other than arachnids) are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. Astrin
- ZFMK: Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail: (JJA); (HH); (JS); (JH)
| | - Hubert Höfer
- SMNK: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
- * E-mail: (JJA); (HH); (JS); (JH)
| | - Jörg Spelda
- ZSM: Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, Germany
- * E-mail: (JJA); (HH); (JS); (JH)
| | - Joachim Holstein
- SMNS: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail: (JJA); (HH); (JS); (JH)
| | - Steffen Bayer
- SMNK: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lars Hendrich
- ZSM: Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Carlos Monje
- SMNS: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Björn Rulik
- ZFMK: Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Malte Petersen
- ZFMK: Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hannah Janssen
- ZFMK: Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Muster
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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