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Jian X, Chen J, Ding S, Garofalo A, Gong X, Holland C, Huang J, Chan VS, Qin X, Yu G, Ma RR, Du X, Hong R, Staebler G, Wang H, Yan Z, Bass E, Brower D, Ding W, Orlov D. Experimental Validation of a Kinetic Ballooning Mode in High-Performance High-Bootstrap Current Fraction Fusion Plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:145101. [PMID: 37862644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.145101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a set of coherent high frequency electromagnetic fluctuations that leads to a turbulence induced self-regulating phenomenon in the DIII-D high bootstrap current fraction plasma. The fluctuations have frequency of 130-220 kHz, the poloidal wavelength and phase velocity are 16-30 m^{-1} and ∼30 km/s, respectively, in the outboard midplane with the estimated toroidal mode number n∼5-9. The fluctuations are located in the internal transport barrier (ITB) region at large radius and are experimentally validated to be kinetic ballooning modes (KBM). Quasilinear estimation predicts the KBM to be able to drive experimental particle flux and non-negligible thermal flux, suggesting its significant role in regulating the ITB saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Jian
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - J Chen
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Ding
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - A Garofalo
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - X Gong
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - C Holland
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - V S Chan
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - X Qin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G Yu
- University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R R Ma
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432 Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Du
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - R Hong
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G Staebler
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - H Wang
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - Z Yan
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Bass
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - D Brower
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Ding
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Orlov
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
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Zheng J, Qin J, Lu K, Xu M, Duan X, Xu G, Hu J, Gong X, Zang Q, Liu Z, Wang L, Ding R, Chen J, Li P, Xue L, Cai L, Song Y. Recent progress in Chinese fusion research based on superconducting tokamak configuration. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100269. [PMID: 35815072 PMCID: PMC9256834 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion energy is a promising source of clean energy, which could solve energy shortages and environmental pollution. Research into controlled fusion energy has been ongoing for over half a century. China has created a clear roadmap for magnetic confinement fusion development, where superconducting tokamaks will be used in commercial fusion reactors. The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) is the world’s first fully superconducting tokamak with upper and lower divertors, which aims at long-pulse, steady-state, H-mode operation, and 101-s H-mode discharge had been achieved. In 2007, China joined the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and became one of its seven members. Thirteen procurement packages are undertaken by China, covering superconducting magnets, power supplies, plasma-facing components (PFCs), diagnostics, etc. To bridge the gap between the ITER and fusion demonstration power plants (DEMOs), China is planning to build the Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR) to demonstrate related technologies and physics models. The engineering design of the CFETR was completed in 2020, and Comprehensive Research Facilities for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) are being constructed to explore the key technologies used in the CFETR. Fusion energy is a promising source of clean energy Tokamak is the most widely studied magnetic confinement fusion device China built the world’s first fully superconducting tokamak -EAST China is one of the seven members of the ITER project CFETR engineering design has been completed, and its R&D is ongoing
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Yang W, Li G, Gong X, Gao X, Li X, Li H, Liu S. Effect of the Fusion Fuels’ Polarization on Neutron Wall Loading Distribution in CFETR. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2021.1969064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yang
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueyu Gong
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoe Li
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songlin Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
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Seo SB, Hernandez R, O'Neal M, Meehan N, Novais FS, Rizk M, Maldonado GI, Brown NR. A review of thermal hydraulics systems analysis for breeding blanket design and future needs for fusion engineering demonstration facility design and licensing. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Menard JE. Compact steady-state tokamak performance dependence on magnet and core physics limits. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20170440. [PMID: 30967044 PMCID: PMC6365855 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Compact tokamak fusion reactors using advanced high-temperature superconducting magnets for the toroidal field coils have received considerable recent attention due to the promise of more compact devices and more economical fusion energy development. Facilities with combined fusion nuclear science and Pilot Plant missions to provide both the nuclear environment needed to develop fusion materials and components while also potentially achieving sufficient fusion performance to generate modest net electrical power are considered. The performance of the tokamak fusion system is assessed using a range of core physics and toroidal field magnet performance constraints to better understand which parameters most strongly influence the achievable fusion performance. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Fusion energy using tokamaks: can development be accelerated?'.
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Pinsker R, Chen X, Lohr J, Moeller C, Porkolab M, Brookman M, Petty C, Wukitch S, Wallace G, Buttery R. Tests of advanced RF off-axis current drive techniques on DIII-D. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920302008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of reactor-relevant radiofrequency heating and current drive techniques is a focus of work on DIII-D in the next five-year period. This paper gives an overview of the planned experimental work in the areas of (1) nearly vertically launched ECCD, (2) ‘helicon’ (whistlers or fast waves in the lower hybrid range of frequencies) current drive, and (3) high-field-side-launch (HFS) lower hybrid (slow wave) current drive. Each of these techniques addresses the need for efficient off-axis current drive for a steady-state tokamak reactor to supplement the bootstrap current and to provide current profile control, and each will be experimentally assessed at a coupled power level of ~1 MW on DIII-D in the next few years.
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DIII-D Research to Prepare for Steady State Advanced Tokamak Power Plants. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-018-0185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sawan ME, Ibrahim AM, Wilson PPH, Marriott EP, Stambaugh RD, Wong CPC. Neutronics Analysis in Support of the Fusion Development Facility Design Evolution. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Sawan
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - A. M. Ibrahim
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - E. P. Marriott
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Peng Y, Canik J, Diem S, Milora S, Park J, Sontag A, Fogarty P, Lumsdaine A, Murakami M, Burgess T, Cole M, Katoh Y, Korsah K, Patton B, Wagner J, Yoder G, Stambaugh R, Staebler G, Kotschenreuther M, Valanju P, Mahajan S, Sawan M. Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF) before Upgrade to Component Test Facility (CTF). FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst60-441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.K.M. Peng
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - J.M. Canik
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - S.J. Diem
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - S.L. Milora
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - J.M. Park
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - A.C. Sontag
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - A. Lumsdaine
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - M. Murakami
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - T.W. Burgess
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - M.J. Cole
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Y. Katoh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - K. Korsah
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - B.D. Patton
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - J.C. Wagner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - G.L. Yoder
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Sawan
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Neilson GH, Neilson GH, Brown TG, Gates DA, Kessel CE, Menard JE, Prager SC, Scott SD, Wilson JR, Zarnstorff MC. Mission and Readiness Assessment for Fusion Nuclear Facilities. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst13-a19137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. H. Neilson
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - G. H. Neilson
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - T. G. Brown
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - D. A. Gates
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - C. E. Kessel
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - J. E. Menard
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - S. C. Prager
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - S. D. Scott
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - J. R. Wilson
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - M. C. Zarnstorff
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543
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Yang W, Li G, Hu Y, Gao X. Linear stability of toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes in the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shi N, Chan V, Wan Y, Li J, Gao X, Ye M. Evaluation of CFETR key parameters with different scenarios using system analysis code. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xu G, Shi N, Zhou Y, Mao S, Jian X, Chen J, Liu L, Chan V, Ye M. Data exchange between zero dimensional code and physics platform in the CFETR integrated system code. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Garofalo A, Abdou M, Canik J, Chan V, Hyatt A, Hill D, Morley N, Navratil G, Sawan M, Taylor T, Wong C, Wu W, Ying A. A Fusion Nuclear Science Facility for a fast-track path to DEMO. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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