1
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Morishita Y, Murakami S, Kenmochi N, Funaba H, Yamada I, Mizuno Y, Nagahara K, Nuga H, Seki R, Yokoyama M, Ueno G, Osakabe M. First application of data assimilation-based control to fusion plasma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:137. [PMID: 38233465 PMCID: PMC10794191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic fusion plasmas, which are complex systems comprising numerous interacting elements, have large uncertainties. Therefore, future fusion reactors require prediction-based advanced control systems with an adaptive system model and control estimation robust to uncertainties in the model and observations. To address this challenge, we introduced a control approach based on data assimilation (DA), which describes the system model adaptation and control estimation based on the state probability distribution. The first implementation of a DA-based control system was achieved at the Large Helical Device to control the high temperature plasma. The experimental results indicate that the control system enhanced the predictive capability using real-time observations and adjusted the electron cyclotron heating power for a target temperature. The DA-based control system provides a flexible platform for advanced control in future fusion reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Morishita
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | | - Naoki Kenmochi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki, Japan
- Department of Fusion Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Toki, Japan
| | - Hisamichi Funaba
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki, Japan
| | - Ichihiro Yamada
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki, Japan
- Department of Fusion Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Toki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Mizuno
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagahara
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki, Japan
| | - Hideo Nuga
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Seki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yokoyama
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki, Japan
- Department of Fusion Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Toki, Japan
| | - Genta Ueno
- The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Japan
- The Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Japan
- Statistical Science Program, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tachikawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Osakabe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki, Japan
- Department of Fusion Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Toki, Japan
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2
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Development of a 56 GHz ECH system for deuterium plasma experiments of a low magnetic field in LHD. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Nagasaki K, Watanabe S, Sakamoto K, Isayama A, Okada H, Minami T, Kado S, Kobayashi S, Yamamoto S, Ohshima S, Konoshima S, Mizuuchi T, Nakamura Y, Ishizawa A, Kubo S, Igami H, Weir G, Marushchenko N. Measurement of stray millimeter-wave radiation from a 70-GHz ECH/ECCD system in Heliotron J. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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4
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Xia DH, Liu CH, Jin YK, Ma HY, Tian YZ, Wang ZJ. Plans for the electron cyclotron heating system on J-TEXT. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920304017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new 105 GHz/500 kW/1 s electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system has been designed and being constructed on J-TEXT Tokamak. This system mainly consists of a microwave source, a transmission line, a launcher and other auxiliary units. Based on corrugated waveguides, the wave from the gyrotron can be efficiently transmitted with HE11 mode to the steerable quasi-optical launcher for injection. The transmission efficiency is about 85%, and the injection angle of the wave can be adjusted by the flat mirror of the launcher. Commissioning of this electron cyclotron heating system is scheduled to be done at 2019.
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Osakabe M, Takeiri Y, Morisaki T, Motojima G, Ogawa K, Isobe M, Tanaka M, Murakami S, Shimizu A, Nagaoka K, Takahashi H, Nagasaki K, Takahashi H, Fujita T, Oya Y, Sakamoto M, Ueda Y, Akiyama T, Kasahara H, Sakakibara S, Sakamoto R, Tokitani M, Yamada H, Yokoyama M, Yoshimura Y. Current Status of Large Helical Device and Its Prospect for Deuterium Experiment. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1335145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Osakabe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Takeiri
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Morisaki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - G. Motojima
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Ogawa
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - M. Isobe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - M. Tanaka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S. Murakami
- Kyoto University, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - A. Shimizu
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Nagaoka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - H. Takahashi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Nagasaki
- Kyoto University, Institute of Advanced Energy, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - H. Takahashi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Fujita
- Nagoya University, Department of Energy Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8093, Japan
| | - Y. Oya
- Shizuoka University, Radioscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, 836, Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - M. Sakamoto
- University of Tsukuba, Plasma Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Y. Ueda
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T. Akiyama
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - H. Kasahara
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S Sakakibara
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - R. Sakamoto
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - M. Tokitani
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - H. Yamada
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - M. Yokoyama
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Yoshimura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
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7
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Komori A, Yamada H, Imagawa S, Kaneko O, Kawahata K, Mutoh K, Ohyabu N, Takeiri Y, Ida K, Mito T, Nagayama Y, Sakakibara S, Sakamoto R, Shimozuma T, Watanabe KY, Motojima O. Goal and Achievements of Large Helical Device Project. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst58-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Komori
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - H. Yamada
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S. Imagawa
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - O. Kaneko
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Kawahata
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Mutoh
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - N. Ohyabu
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Takeiri
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Ida
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Mito
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Nagayama
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S. Sakakibara
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - R. Sakamoto
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Shimozuma
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Y. Watanabe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - O Motojima
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
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8
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Mutoh* T, Nagaoka K, Takahashi H, Kasahara H, Osakabe M, Kubo S, Shimozuma T, Yoshimura Y, Tsumori K, Seki T, Saito K, Igami H, Nakano H, Ikeda K, Kisaki M, Seki R, Kamio S, Ii T, Nakamura Y, Takeiri Y, Kaneko O. High Power Heating and Steady State Operation in the Large Helical Device. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst15-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Mutoh*
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Nagaoka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - H. Takahashi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - H. Kasahara
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - M. Osakabe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - S. Kubo
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Shimozuma
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Yoshimura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Tsumori
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Seki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Saito
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - H. Igami
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - H. Nakano
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Ikeda
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - M. Kisaki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - R. Seki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - S. Kamio
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Ii
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Nakamura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Takeiri
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
| | - O. Kaneko
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-city, 509-5292, Japan
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9
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Takahashi H, Kubo S, Shimozuma T, Igami H, Yoshimura Y, Ito S, Kobayasi S, Mizuno Y, Okada K, Kamio S, Mutoh T, Osakabe M, Nagasaki K, Marushchenko NB, Turkin Y. Direct measurement of refracted trajectory of transmitting electron cyclotron beam through plasma on the Large Helical Device. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158702019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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Yoshimura Y, Kasahara H, Nagasaki K, Tokitani M, Ashikawa N, Ueda Y, Ito S, Kubo S, Shimozuma T, Igami H, Takahashi H, Nishiura M, Kobayashi S, Mizuno Y, Okada K, Ogasawara S, Makino R, Yamada I, Tokuzawa T, Tanaka K, Mutoh T, Yamada H. Long-pulse Plasma Discharges by Upgraded ECH System in the LHD. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158702020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Shimozuma T, Kobayashi S, Ito S, Ito Y, Kubo S, Yoshimura Y, Nishiura M, Igami H, Takahashi H, Mizuno Y, Okada K, Mutoh T. Development of a Millimeter-Wave Beam Position and Profile Monitor for Transmission Efficiency Improvement in an ECRH System. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158704011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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12
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Kamio S, Takahashi H, Kubo S, Shimozuma T, Yoshimura Y, Igami H, Ito S, Kobayashi S, Mizuno Y, Okada K, Osakabe M, Mutoh T. Electron cyclotron beam measurement system in the Large Helical Device. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:11E822. [PMID: 25430387 DOI: 10.1063/1.4893432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the electron cyclotron (EC) heating power inside the Large Helical Device vacuum vessel and to investigate the physics of the interaction between the EC beam and the plasma, a direct measurement system for the EC beam transmitted through the plasma column was developed. The system consists of an EC beam target plate, which is made of isotropic graphite and faces against the EC beam through the plasma, and an IR camera for measuring the target plate temperature increase by the transmitted EC beam. This system is applicable to the high magnetic field (up to 2.75 T) and plasma density (up to 0.8 × 10(19) m(-3)). This system successfully evaluated the transmitted EC beam profile and the refraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamio
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S Kubo
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T Shimozuma
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y Yoshimura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - H Igami
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S Ito
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S Kobayashi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y Mizuno
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K Okada
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - M Osakabe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T Mutoh
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
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13
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Okada K, Nishiura M, Kubo S, Shimozuma T, Yoshimura Y, Igami H, Takahashi H, Tanaka K, Kobayashi S, Ito S, Mizuno Y, Ogasawara S. Development of fast steering mirror control system for plasma heating and diagnostics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:11E811. [PMID: 25430376 DOI: 10.1063/1.4891044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A control system for a fast steering mirror has been newly developed for the electron cyclotron heating (ECH) launchers in the large helical device. This system enables two-dimensional scan during a plasma discharge and provides a simple feedback control function. A board mounted with a field programmable gate array chip has been designed to realize feedback control of the ECH beam position to maintain higher electron temperature by ECH. The heating position is determined by a plasma diagnostic signal related to the electron temperature such as electron cyclotron emission and Thomson scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Okada
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - M Nishiura
- Department of Advanced Energy, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - S Kubo
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T Shimozuma
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y Yoshimura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - H Igami
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - K Tanaka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - S Kobayashi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - S Ito
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y Mizuno
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - S Ogasawara
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
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14
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Igami H, Kubo S, Shimozuma T, Yoshimura Y, Notake T, Takahashi H, Idei H, Inagaki S, Tanaka H, Nagasaki K, Ohkubo K, Mutoh T. Research of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating Methods and Relevant Experiments. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.13182/fst10-a10841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Igami
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S. Kubo
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Shimozuma
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Yoshimura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Notake
- Tera-Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - H. Takahashi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - H. Idei
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - S. Inagaki
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - H. Tanaka
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - K. Nagasaki
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - K. Ohkubo
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Mutoh
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
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