1
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High-flux neutron generation by laser-accelerated ions from single- and double-layer targets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19767. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractContemporary ultraintense, short-pulse laser systems provide extremely compact setups for the production of high-flux neutron beams, such as those required for nondestructive probing of dense matter, research on neutron-induced damage in fusion devices or laboratory astrophysics studies. Here, by coupling particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo numerical simulations, we examine possible strategies to optimise neutron sources from ion-induced nuclear reactions using 1-PW, 20-fs-class laser systems. To improve the ion acceleration, the laser-irradiated targets are chosen to be ultrathin solid foils, either standing alone or preceded by a plasma layer of near-critical density to enhance the laser focusing. We compare the performance of these single- and double-layer targets, and determine their optimum parameters in terms of energy and angular spectra of the accelerated ions. These are then sent into a converter to generate neutrons via nuclear reactions on beryllium and lead nuclei. Overall, we identify configurations that result in neutron yields as high as $$\sim 10^{10}\,{\mathrm{n}}\,{\mathrm{sr}}^{-1}$$
∼
10
10
n
sr
-
1
in $$\sim 1$$
∼
1
-cm-thick converters or instantaneous neutron fluxes above $$10^{23}\,{\mathrm{n}}\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}\,{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$$
10
23
n
cm
-
2
s
-
1
at the backside of $$\lesssim 100$$
≲
100
-$$\upmu$$
μ
m-thick converters. Considering a realistic repetition rate of one laser shot per minute, the corresponding time-averaged neutron yields are predicted to reach values ($$\gtrsim 10^7\,{\mathrm{n}} \,{\mathrm{sr}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$$
≳
10
7
n
sr
-
1
s
-
1
) well above the current experimental record, and this even with a mere thin foil as a primary target. A further increase in the time-averaged yield up to above $$10^8\,{\mathrm{sr}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$$
10
8
sr
-
1
s
-
1
is foreseen using double-layer targets.
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2
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Shehada A, Krivobokov V, Lomov I, Garapatsky A, Mardelli R, Othman A. Probing yields and angular distributions of Be(d,n) neutrons with novel target of compressed beryllium-powder. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Kwon S, Konno C, Ohta M, Sato S. Problems on neutron production data of Be-9 in TENDL-2017 and -2019 deuteron sub-libraries. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2021.108932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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4
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Stefanik M, Simeckova E, Bem P, Stursa J, Zach V, Mrazek J. Neutron spectrum determination of accelerator-driven d(10)+Be neutron source using the multi-foil activation technique. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Nakayama S, Iwamoto O, Watanabe Y, Ogata K. JENDL/DEU-2020: deuteron nuclear data library for design studies of accelerator-based neutron sources. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2020.1870010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Osamu Iwamoto
- Nuclear Data Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ogata
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physics, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Patwary MKA, Kin T, Aoki K, Yoshinami K, Yamaguchi M, Watanabe Y, Tsukada K, Sato N, Asai M, Sato TK, Hatsukawa Y, Nakayama S. Measurement of double-differential thick-target neutron yields of the C(d,n) reaction at 12, 20, and 30 MeV. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2020.1819908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadahiro Kin
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering Science, IGSES, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Aoki
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering Science, IGSES, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshinami
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering Science, IGSES, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering Science, IGSES, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering Science, IGSES, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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7
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Shehada AM, Golovkov VM. Angular Distribution of Neutrons Around Thick Beryllium Target of Accelerator-Based 9Be(d, n) Neutron Source. JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND RADIATION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4045234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An experimental work and simulations were carried out to determine the angular distributions of neutrons and yields of the 9Be(d, n) reaction over all angular range (360 deg) on a thick beryllium target as an accelerator-based neutron source at incident-deuteron energy 13.6 MeV. The neutron activation method was used in the experimental part using aluminum and iron foils as detectors to calculate the neutron flux. The Monte Carlo neutral-particles code (MCNP5) was used to demonstrate and simulate the neutron distribution, also to understand and compare with the experimental results. The neutron energy spectrum was computed using the projection angular-momentum coupled evaporation code PACE4 (LISE++) and the spectrum was adopted in MCNP5 code. Two experimental ways were used, one with beryllium target and another one without the beryllium target, to evaluate the neutron flux emitted only by the beryllium target. Typical computational results were presented and are compared with the previous experimental data to evaluate the computing model as well as the characteristics of emitted neutrons produced by the 9Be(d, n) reaction with a thick Be-target. Moreover, the results can be used to optimize the shielding and collimating system for neutron therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Shehada
- Engineering School of Nuclear Technology, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - V. M. Golovkov
- Engineering School of Nuclear Technology, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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8
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Reprint of “Neutron field determination of d+Be reaction for 15 MeV deuterons using the multi-foil activation technique”. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Nakayama S, Iwamoto O, Watanabe Y. Recent progress of a code system DEURACS toward deuteron nuclear data evaluation. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023903014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toward deuteron nuclear data evaluation, we have been developing a code system dedicated for deuteron-induced reactions, called DEURACS. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the development of DEURACS. To meet increasing and diversifying demands for deuteron nuclear data, DEURACS has been developed aiming at accurate and comprehensive prediction of deuteron-induced reactions. We present the results of some comparisons between the DEURACS calculations and experimental data for a variety of deuteron-induced reactions at incident energies up to 200 MeV. Double-differential cross sections for emission of neutrons or light ions up to A = 4 and cross sections for production of residual nuclei are analyzed. Neutron yields from deuteron bombardment on thick targets are also analyzed by the Monte Carlo transport simulation based on the deuteron nuclear data provided with DEURACS. Through comparison with experimental and other calculated data, validation of the present modeling in DEURACS is discussed.
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10
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Neutron field determination of d+Be reaction for 15 MeV deuterons using the multi-foil activation technique. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Stefanik M, Bem P, Majerle M, Novak J, Simeckova E. Neutron spectrum determination of d(20)+Be source reaction by the dosimetry foils method. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Logan CM, Anderson JD, Munir ZA. The Relevance of Various Neutron Sources to Fusion-Reactor Radiation Effects. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt74-a16272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Logan
- University of California Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. D. Anderson
- University of California Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Z. A. Munir
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
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13
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Hagiwara M, Itoga T, Kawata N, Hirabayashi N, Oishi T, Yamauchi T, Baba M, Sugimoto M, Muroga T. Measurement of Neutron Emission Spectra in Li(d,xn) Reaction with Thick and Thin Targets for 40-MeV Deuterons. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst05-a1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hagiwara
- Tohoku University Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T. Itoga
- Tohoku University Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - N. Kawata
- Tohoku University Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - N. Hirabayashi
- Tohoku University Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T. Oishi
- Tohoku University Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T. Yamauchi
- Tohoku University Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M. Baba
- Tohoku University Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M. Sugimoto
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - T. Muroga
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi-cho, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
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14
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Kin T, Sanzen Y, Kamida M, Watanabe Y, Itoh M. Production of 92Y via the 92Zr( n, p) reaction using the C( d, n) accelerator neutron source. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714608009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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15
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Nakayama S, Kouno H, Watanabe Y, Iwamoto O, Ye T, Ogata K. Modelling and analysis of nucleon emission from deuteron-induced reactions at incident energies up to 100 MeV. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201612204004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Paul S, Sahoo GS, Tripathy SP, Sharma SC, Ninawe NG, Sunil C, Gupta AK, Bandyopadhyay T. Measurement of neutron spectra generated from bombardment of 4 to 24 MeV protons on a thick ⁹Be target and estimation of neutron yields. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:063501. [PMID: 24985813 DOI: 10.1063/1.4880202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study on the measurement of neutron spectra emitted from the interaction of protons of various energies with a thick beryllium target has been carried out. The measurements were carried out in the forward direction (at 0° with respect to the direction of protons) using CR-39 detectors. The doses were estimated using the in-house image analyzing program autoTRAK_n, which works on the principle of luminosity variation in and around the track boundaries. A total of six different proton energies starting from 4 MeV to 24 MeV with an energy gap of 4 MeV were chosen for the study of the neutron yields and the estimation of doses. Nearly, 92% of the recoil tracks developed after chemical etching were circular in nature, but the size distributions of the recoil tracks were not found to be linearly dependent on the projectile energy. The neutron yield and dose values were found to be increasing linearly with increasing projectile energies. The response of CR-39 detector was also investigated at different beam currents at two different proton energies. A linear increase of neutron yield with beam current was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Paul
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - G S Sahoo
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S P Tripathy
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S C Sharma
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - N G Ninawe
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - C Sunil
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - T Bandyopadhyay
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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17
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Abstract
Neutrons from the reactions of protons or deuterons of energies between 35 and 70 MeV on beryllium are most suitable for therapy because of the high yield and good penetration. Lower energy sources are used for limited applications. Proton therapy is conducted mainly in two energy ranges, viz. 60–75 MeV (exclusively for the treatment of eye lesions) and ≥200 MeV for general applications. Characterisation of both neutron and proton therapy beams in terms of spectral fluence is important for accurate determination of dosimetry parameters, for interpreting biological effects, for intercomparison purposes and to perform accurate radiation transport calculations.
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18
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AOKI T, HAGIWARA M, BABA M, SUGIMOTO M, MIURA T, KAWATA N, YAMADERA A. Measurements of Differential Thick Target Neutron Yields and7Be Production in the Li,9Be(d, n)Reactions for 25 MeV Deuterons. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/18811248.2004.9715501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Maekawa F, von Möllendorff U, Wada M, Wilson P, Ikeda Y. Determination of neutron spectra formed by 40-MeV deuteron bombardment of a lithium target with multi-foil activation technique. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(00)00194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Lone M, Ferguson A, Robertson B. Characteristics of neutrons from Be targets bombarded with protons, deuterons and alpha particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-554x(81)90438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Nelson CE, Purser FO, Behren PV, Newson HW. Neutron spectra from deuteron and proton bombardment of thick lithium targets: potential for neutron therapy. Phys Med Biol 1978; 23:39-46. [PMID: 416447 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/23/1/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutron energy spectra and yields produced by the bombardment of thick lithium targets by deuterons and protons have been measured using the time-of-flight method. Measurements were made at angles up to 45 degrees for deuteron energies of 8, 12 and 15 MeV and a proton energy of 15 MeV. The average neutron energy of the (d, n) reactions is shown to vary approximately as 0.44Ed. The (p, n) reaction has En = 4.7 MeV. The tissue penetration of neutron therapy beams is dependent on their average neutron energy and thus the low average neutron energy for these reactions appears to preclude their use for practical neutron therapy at these incident particle energies.
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22
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Grand P, Goland A. An intense neutron source based upon the deuteron-stripping reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-554x(77)90557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Thick target neutron yields and spectral distributions from the 7Li(pd, n) and 9Be(pd, n) reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-554x(77)90616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Parkin DM, Goland AN. Calculation of radiation effects as a function of incident neutron spectrum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1080/00337577608233025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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