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Thin SM, Kanjanarach T, Supsongserm P, Phanudulkitti C, Sorofman BA, Zaw MT, Theeraroungchaisri A, Kittisopee T. Driving factors of community pharmacist weight management service: A structural equation modeling. Res Social Adm Pharm 2024:S1551-7411(24)00095-0. [PMID: 38565425 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though the effectiveness of community pharmacists in helping customers to reduce weight has been evident, few pharmacists provided weight management services (WMS). To drive community pharmacist WMS provision, factors affecting their intention and WMS provision were important to be investigated. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore relationships among pharmacist authority, perceived customer obstruction, WMS performance support, obstacles, and facilitators with intention to provide WMS and WMS rovision using structural equation modeling (WMS. METHOD Self-administered questionnaires were utilized to collect data from 302 Thai community pharmacists from December 2022 to March 2023. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore the influencing factors on pharmacist WMS intention and WMS provision. RESULTS Pharmacist authority (r = 0.35), WMS performance support (r = 0.24), and facilitators (r = 0.22) were significantly correlated with community pharmacist WMS provision. Pharmacist authority (r = 0.50), facilitators (r = 0.46), and WMS performance support (r = 0.42) were significantly correlated with community pharmacist intention to provide WMS e structural equation model (SEM), pharmacist authority (β = 0.34) and intention (β = 0.16) significantly influenced WMS provision (R2 = 0.20). Authority (β = 0.49) and WMS performance support (β = 0.28) significantly influenced pharmacist intention to WMS (R2 = 0.42). The model from empirical data indicated a good fit with the hypothetical model (p-value = 0.000, Comparatively Fit Index = 0.9, and Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.878). CONCLUSION Pharmacist authority had direct effects with both their intention to provide WMS and WMS provision. WMS performance support had a direct effect on intention to provide WMS and an indirect effect on WMS provision. Facilitators also had significant correlations with intention to provide WMS and WMS provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Myat Thin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Tipaporn Kanjanarach
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Rd., Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Pairin Supsongserm
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | | | - Bernard A Sorofman
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, 310 CPB 180 South Grand Avenue, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Myo Thiha Zaw
- Integrated Specialty Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, UK.
| | - Anuchai Theeraroungchaisri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Tanattha Kittisopee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University, 38 Phet Kasem Road, Band Wa, Bangkok, 10160, Thailand.
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Ahmed F, Hammad S, Redmann O, Smith C, Edwards C, Kader C, Hammoudeh D, Zeidan R. The Effect of Pharmacist-Led Telemedicine on A1c Reduction During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Telemed J E Health 2024; 30:166-172. [PMID: 37294586 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Diabetes remains a prevalent metabolic chronic condition. The pandemic promoted the use of telemedicine for patients with chronic conditions. Telemedicine offers innovative methods to achieve glycemic control for these patients. This study evaluates the effectiveness of telemedicine with pharmacists in reduction of glycated hemoglobin (A1C) for patients with diabetes. Methods: This study (n = 112) was a single-center, retrospective study that evaluated the effectiveness of patients enrolling in pharmacist-led diabetes management utilizing telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with an A1C >9 mg/dL were contacted for telemedicine with the pharmacy team. The three groups included: patients agreeing to the telemedicine visit (n = 28), patients that declined the telemedicine visit (n = 42), and patients that did not answer the telephone when offered the telemedicine visit (n = 28). Results: Our study revealed a significant change in the primary endpoint A1C (2.6 + 2.4, p = 0.0144) for the patients who accepted telemedicine visits when compared with the other study groups. The secondary endpoints, changes in A1C (when evaluating employment status, number of clinic visits, number of chronic conditions, gender, race) and changes in body mass index, revealed no significant changes. Conclusion: Diabetes management using telemedicine with pharmacists impacts glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study demonstrates patients who accepted pharmacist-led telemedicine had a reduction in A1C. Further research may reveal long-term benefits on clinical outcomes after utilizing this service during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahamina Ahmed
- Division of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Samah Hammad
- Critical Care Pharmacy Residency Program, Ochsner Medical Center, Jefferson, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Candice Smith
- Division of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Cole Edwards
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Danya Hammoudeh
- College of Arts and Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rana Zeidan
- Pharmacy Residency Program, Methodist University Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Straw A, Mills J, Winters R, Van de Roovaart H, Chen AM. Community pharmacies and the empowerment of self-care in the United States. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2023; 10:100266. [PMID: 37151372 PMCID: PMC10160781 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As part of self-care, patients prevent diseases or conditions, maintain, or enhance their current health status, and address current health challenges. As a key member of the healthcare team, the role of the pharmacist in relation to self-care is important, given the ease of access to pharmacists in a variety of care settings. Objectives To describe the structure and function of self-care within community pharmacies throughout the United States (U.S.). Methods The literature within the U.S. was reviewed related to self-care definitions and practice, the role and training of the pharmacist, and challenges and opportunities for pharmacists. Results Within the U.S., self-care is broader than simply products found in the "over-the-counter" (OTC) section of pharmacies; it includes pharmacists involvement in disease prevention, evaluation and maintenance of current health status, and assistance in managing health challenges. There is growing recognition of the significance of pharmacists in aiding patients in self-care, due to publication of outcomes related to pharmacist-provided self-care support. Accreditation standards require student pharmacists to develop knowledge and competency related to the broadest definition of self-care; resources exist related to curricular content and student evaluation and assessment support. The evolving role of the pharmacist in relation to self-care has presented challenges in terms of recognition and renumeration for services and workload issues. Efforts are currently underway to address these challenges. Conclusions Spiraling health care costs, poor health outcomes, and continued health disparities indicate a need to better support U.S. patients on their health care journey, which often begins with self-care. There is a plethora of opportunities for pharmacists to advocate for expanding roles related to self-care, including participation in national efforts to recognize the outcomes of pharmacists in self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Straw
- Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, 251 N. Main St., Cedarville, OH 45314, USA
| | - Jenna Mills
- University of Findlay College of Pharmacy, 1000 N. Main St., Findlay, OH 45840, USA
| | - Rachel Winters
- Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, 251 N. Main St., Cedarville, OH 45314, USA
| | | | - Aleda M.H. Chen
- Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, 251 N. Main St., Cedarville, OH 45314, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Brothers EB, Hay-McCutcheon MJ, Hughes PJ, Friend ML. Audiology, Medicine, and Pharmacy Interprofessional Preliminary Interviews and Discussions: Improving Hearing Health Care in Rural Alabama. Am J Audiol 2022; 31:656-668. [PMID: 35737896 PMCID: PMC9886163 DOI: 10.1044/2022_aja-21-00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Access and affordability of hearing health care varies depending on residency and individual financial means. Those living in rural areas have limited health care resources and experience higher levels of poverty compared to those living in urban regions. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of interprofessional collaboration among physicians and audiologists and pharmacists and audiologists to improve access and affordability of hearing health care in rural communities. METHOD Sixteen family physicians and medicine residents and 15 community pharmacists participated in the study. Physicians and residents completed an online survey to assess education regarding hearing health care and their understanding of hearing loss intervention. They also participated in small virtual focus group discussions. Pharmacists participated in virtual discussions based on guided questions. RESULTS The discussions with both physicians and pharmacists highlighted the need for more education, resources, and awareness of the negative impact of hearing loss on overall quality of life. Comments from these discussions were placed within the socio-ecological model of health behavior to increase understanding of hearing health behavior. CONCLUSIONS Increased collaboration among medical professionals has the potential to improve access to hearing health care for those living in audiologically underserved regions of the country. Further research will identify how to increase effective and sustainable hearing health care resources in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma B. Brothers
- Department of Communicative Disorders, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
| | | | - Peter J. Hughes
- McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL
| | - M. Louanne Friend
- Department of Community Medicine and Population Health, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
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Impact of a pharmacist-run weight loss medication management service. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2021; 62:883-888. [PMID: 34872859 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss medications have been shown to be effective for weight loss and reducing disease state risk in patients who are overweight or obese. However, it is unknown what impact pharmacists have on weight loss when providing medication management services. OBJECTIVE To evaluate weight loss outcomes and clinic utilization of a pharmacist-run weight loss pharmacotherapy service at the VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (TVHS) in Nashville, TN. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION Patients enrolled in the MOVE! weight loss program were referred to a clinical pharmacy specialist (CPS) who was able to assess comorbidities, prescribe weight loss medication, and provide ongoing follow-up via telehealth visits. PRACTICE INNOVATION This is the first description of a pharmacist-run weight loss pharmacotherapy clinic. This model expanded the role of pharmacists at TVHS, where CPS involvement was previously limited to chart reviews when medication recommendations were requested. EVALUATION This prospective quality improvement project evaluated patients seen by the CPS in the first 6 months of clinic implementation. Primary outcomes included change in weight and proportion of patients with at least 5% weight loss at the end of the study period. Results were compared with patients seen by preventative medicine providers (PMPs) in the same time frame. RESULTS A total of 79 patients were seen in the CPS clinic, and 40 met inclusion criteria. The clinic utilization rate was 100%. Mean weight change was -3.6 ± 5.7 kg (P < 0.001), and 25% of patients followed up by the CPS lost at least 5% body weight. In the PMP clinic, 29 patients demonstrated a mean weight change of -1.6 ± 6.0 kg (P = 0.15 compared with baseline), and 17.2% lost at least 5% body weight. CONCLUSION This pharmacist-led weight loss clinic demonstrated statistically significant reductions in weight and was able to expand access to care for patients seeking weight loss services.
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Clements JN, Albanese NP, D'Souza JJ, Misher A, Reece S(M, Trujillo J, Whitley HP. Clinical review and role of clinical pharmacists in obesity management: An opinion of the endocrine and metabolism practice and research network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Clements
- Diabetes Transition Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System Spartanburg South Carolina USA
| | - Nicole P. Albanese
- University at Buffalo School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Buffalo New York USA
| | - Jennifer J. D'Souza
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy Downers Grove Illinois USA
| | - Anne Misher
- Patient Health Support Pharmacist Caromont Health Gastonia North Carolina USA
| | | | - Jennifer Trujillo
- University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Aurora Colorado USA
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AlMukdad S, Zaghloul N, Awaisu A, Mahfoud ZR, Kheir N, El Hajj MS. Exploring the Role of Community Pharmacists in Obesity and Weight Management in Qatar: A Mixed-Methods Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:2771-2787. [PMID: 34234592 PMCID: PMC8256378 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s309142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a major public health burden in Qatar. Pharmacists can play an important role in providing weight management services (WMSs). This study aimed to explore their attitudes, practice, perceived competence, and role in WMSs in Qatar. Methods A mixed-method explanatory sequential design was applied in the study. A validated online questionnaire was administered followed by qualitative individual and focus group interviews. Results Two-hundred seventy community pharmacists completed the survey (response rate 45%). More than half of them indicated that they often or always explain to patients the risks associated with overweight and obesity (56.2%), recommend weight loss medications, herbs or dietary supplements (52.4%), and counsel about their proper use and/or side effects (56.9%). Conversely, the majority of the pharmacists rarely or never measure patients’ waist circumference (83.8%) or calculate their body mass index (72.1%). Over 80% had very positive attitudes towards their role in weight management. Around three-quarters of the participants agreed or strongly agreed that difficulty in following-up with patients (80.7%), lack of private consultation area (75.7%), and lack of pharmacist’s time (75.2%) are barriers for implementing WMSs. More than 60% stated that they are fully competent in 7 out of 24 WMSs listed. Some themes generated include pharmacist’s role and impact in weight management, need for training about weight management, and impact of social media on patients’ perceptions. Conclusion Qatar community pharmacists reported positive attitudes towards the provision of WMSs. However, they identified several barriers against provision of WMSs. Several strategies are proposed to overcome barriers and to improve the provision of WMSs in community pharmacies in Qatar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan AlMukdad
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar.,College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nancy Zaghloul
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Awaisu
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ziyad R Mahfoud
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nadir Kheir
- College of Pharmacy, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Peletidi A, Kayyali R. Evaluation of pharmacy-led weight management service to minimise the risk of cardiovascular disease. J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14:54. [PMID: 34167587 PMCID: PMC8223321 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-021-00338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The primary aim of the programme was a minimum of a 5% weight reduction of the initial weight, while the secondary outcomes were a reduction in participants' body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), AUDIT-C score and an increase in the Mediterranean diet (MD) score and an improvement in physical activity levels. METHODS This 'before and after' study was a 10-week weight management (WM) programme and it was developed and delivered in community pharmacies in Patras chosen for convenience, thus consisting the first service of its type in Greece. The sample size was calculated (n = 96) based on the mean BMI for a Greek male and female individual, and the standard deviation (SD) of weight at baseline of 14 kg. RESULTS Nearly every participant enrolled in the 20 participating pharmacies, 97.4% (n = 114/117), achieved the programme's aim, losing at least 5% of their initial weight. The mean percentage of total weight loss of the 117 participants at the 10th week was 8.97% (SD 2.65), and the t-test showed statistically significant results (P-value < 0.001; 95% CI [8.48, 9.45]). A significant reduction in the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was observed in both male (P-value = 0.004) and female (P-value < 0.001) participants. The participants' BP and AUDIT-C score and physical activity levels significantly improved (P-value < 0.001), as well as their MD score. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence that Greek pharmacists have the potential to play an important role within primary healthcare and that after training they are able to provide public health services for both the public's benefit and their clinical role enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Peletidi
- Pharmacy Programme, Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, London, UK
| | - Reem Kayyali
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, London, UK
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Arnold A, Holmes E, Rosenthal M. Building a Patient-Centered Weight Management Program: A Mixed Methods Project to Obtain Patients' Information Needs and Ideas for Program Structure. PHARMACY 2019; 7:pharmacy7040165. [PMID: 31816960 PMCID: PMC6958313 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy7040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving and maintaining weight loss for large segments of the population remains elusive, despite evidence demonstrating the value of many weight management programs. This study aimed to gather patients’ perceptions on weight management education needs, and ideas for the structure of a weight management program to be delivered in community pharmacies. This was an exploratory mixed methods study combining qualitative focus group interviews with a cross-sectional survey. Three focus group interviews were conducted, along with a brief survey based on focus groups findings and sent to all eligible participants. The survey allowed for individual responses on the program components and narrowing down of focus group findings. Nearly half of the respondents (45.9%) wanted further education on limiting carbohydrate and sugar intake. Participants were most interested in identifying different exercises appropriate for those with physical limitations (48.6%). Most participants preferred 1 h meetings (70.3%) that contain a mix of one-on-one and group meeting formats (67.6%). The results of the study suggest a three-month weight management program, with a combination of group and individual in-person meetings occurring twice per month, would be of most interest to patients.
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Applying Contemporary Management Principles to Implementing and Evaluating Value-Added Pharmacist Services. PHARMACY 2019; 7:pharmacy7030099. [PMID: 31330816 PMCID: PMC6789523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy7030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Value-added pharmacy services encompass traditional and emerging services provided by pharmacists to individual and entire populations of persons increasingly under the auspices of a public health mandate. The success of value-added pharmacy services is enhanced when they are carried out and assessed using appropriate theory-based paradigms. Many of the more important management theories for pharmacy services consider the “servicescape” of these services recognizing the uniqueness of each patient and service encounter that vary based upon health needs and myriad other factors. In addition, implementation science principles help ensure the financial viability and sustainability of these services. This commentary reviews some of the foundational management theories and provides a number of examples of these theories that have been applied successfully resulting in a greater prevalence and scope of value-added services being offered.
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Impact of pharmacist's intervention on reducing cardiovascular risk in obese patients. Int J Clin Pharm 2019; 41:1099-1109. [PMID: 31161498 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-019-00856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death. Health education, nutritional follow-up, and life style habits modification are key for cardiovascular risk reduction in obese patients. Objective To measure the impact of pharmacist's intervention on cardiovascular risk in obese patients. Setting A Spanish community pharmacy. Method Obese patients (BMI ≥ 30) with (group A, n = 30) and without (group B, n = 14) comorbidities were selected. Variables determined in first visit on-site: anthropometric values (weight, height, waist circumference), blood pressure, glycemic (glucose, HbA1c) and lipid parameters (total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides). The PharmaFit Protocol consisted in a 24-month follow-up focusing (i) monthly on adherence to nutritional guidelines and modification of life style habits, and (ii) bi-monthly on anthropometric variables, blood pressure, and biochemical determinations. Feedback was provided to the primary care physician or specialist. Main ouitcome measure Cardiovascular risk estimated by REGICOR score. Results Anthropometric variables significantly decreased in all groups. Plasma glucose levels were significantly reduced in group A without changes in HbA1c. Lipid parameters significantly improved in group A, whereas HDL-c significantly raised in all groups. REGICOR score was significantly reduced in group A female (13.8 ± 1.6 vs. 5.8 ± 1, p < 0.0001) and male (12.7 ± 1.7 vs. 4.4. ± 0.6, p < 0.005) patients, and in group B female patients (3.5 ± 0.7 vs. 1.9 ± 0.4, p < 0.001). Conclusion Community pharmacist intervention, delivered as a 24-month follow-up and combining health and dietary education, has a highly positive impact on the reduction of cardiovascular risk in obese patients.
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Verma RK, Paraidathathu T, Taha NA, Chong WW. Perceptions of the Malaysian general public on community pharmacy-based weight management services. J Pharm Policy Pract 2018; 11:17. [PMID: 30094032 PMCID: PMC6081823 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-018-0146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is now widely regarded as a main contributor to poor health. Involvement of community pharmacists can be a valuable tool in obesity management. However, there is still a lack of data in Malaysia on the potential involvement of and opportunities for community pharmacists in providing weight management services. Thus, it is essential to investigate the perceptions of the general public on weight management services in the community pharmacy setting. To evaluate the general public's perceptions on weight management services by community pharmacists in terms of perceived availability, utilization and factors influencing acceptability of services. METHODS A descriptive, cross sectional-survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire comprising of sections that focused on public preferences and options on weight management approaches, perceived availability of extended services and resources provided by community pharmacists in relation to weight management, utilization of these services and resources, and factors influencing acceptability of weight management services provided by community pharmacists. The questionnaires were distributed to the general public aged 18 years and above in Klang Valley, Malaysia. RESULTS A total of 730 respondents with a median age of 31 years participated in this study. Majority of respondents ranked dieticians as their preferred first line of consultation, with only about a quarter of respondents ranking community pharmacists as their preferred first or second line of consultation. Although more than half show of the study respondents perceived that community pharmacies they had visited offered services for measuring weight, height, blood pressure, blood glucose and blood cholesterol, fewer perceived that community pharmacies provided advice on physical activity and healthy eating to achieve weight loss. Additionally, majority of the respondents indicated that they had not utilized these services. However, most respondents perceived that community pharmacists should provide weight management services. The main factors influencing acceptability show of services included training of pharmacists, payment, waiting time and the issue of privacy. CONCLUSION The findings of this study demonstrated that the majority of respondents were in support of weight management services in community pharmacy; however only a low percentage reported utilizing these services. Factors influencing acceptability of services included payment, waiting time and the issue of privacy. With adequate training among pharmacists and increased awareness of services among the public, community pharmacists could play a larger and important role in addressing the issue of obesity in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thomas Paraidathathu
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Nur Akmar Taha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Edusphere, Persiaran Bestari, 63200 Cyberjaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Wei Wen Chong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rosenthal M, Ward LM, Teng J, Haines S. Weight management counselling among community pharmacists: a scoping review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2018; 26:475-484. [PMID: 29732639 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To complete a scoping review of studies of community pharmacy-delivered weight and obesity management services from January 2010 to March 2017. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to obtain an overview of research related to the study objective. The PubMed, EBSCO and CINAHL databases were searched from January 2010 to March 2017 for articles examining obesity/weight management in community pharmacies. Included studies had to contain an obesity/weight management programme delivered primarily by community pharmacies. All non-interventional studies were excluded. KEY FINDINGS Nine articles were eligible for data extraction. Across the nine included studies, 2141 patients were enrolled. The overwhelming majority of patients enrolled in the studies were female, approximately 50 years of age, had a mean weight of 92.8 kg and mean BMI of 33.8 kg/m2 at baseline. Patients in these various programmes lost a mean of 3.8 kg, however, two studies demonstrated that long-term (>6 months) weight loss maintenance was not achieved. The average dropout rate for each study ranged from 8.3% to 79%. CONCLUSIONS Obesity has a significant impact on the health and wellness of adults globally. Recent research has shown that community pharmacies have the potential to positively impact patient weight loss. However, additional research is needed into the specific interventions that bring the most value to patients and can be sustained and spread across community pharmacy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagen Rosenthal
- Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Lori M Ward
- Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Jason Teng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Seena Haines
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
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Shealy KM. The “5 A's” of weight management counseling. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Félix J, Ferreira D, Afonso-Silva M, Gomes MV, Ferreira C, Vandewalle B, Marques S, Mota M, Costa S, Cary M, Teixeira I, Paulino E, Macedo B, Barbosa CM. Social and economic value of Portuguese community pharmacies in health care. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:606. [PMID: 28851428 PMCID: PMC5576248 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community pharmacies are major contributors to health care systems across the world. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate community pharmacies services in health care. The purpose of this study was to estimate the social and economic benefits of current and potential future community pharmacies services provided by pharmacists in health care in Portugal. Methods The social and economic value of community pharmacies services was estimated through a decision-model. Model inputs included effectiveness data, quality of life (QoL) and health resource consumption, obtained though literature review and adapted to Portuguese reality by an expert panel. The estimated economic value was the result of non-remunerated pharmaceutical services plus health resource consumption potentially avoided. Social and economic value of community pharmacies services derives from the comparison of two scenarios: “with service” versus “without service”. Results It is estimated that current community pharmacies services in Portugal provide a gain in QoL of 8.3% and an economic value of 879.6 million euros (M€), including 342.1 M€ in non-remunerated pharmaceutical services and 448.1 M€ in avoided expense with health resource consumption. Potential future community pharmacies services may provide an additional increase of 6.9% in QoL and be associated with an economic value of 144.8 M€: 120.3 M€ in non-remunerated services and 24.5 M€ in potential savings with health resource consumption. Conclusions Community pharmacies services provide considerable benefit in QoL and economic value. An increase range of services including a greater integration in primary and secondary care, among other transversal services, may add further social and economic value to the society. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2525-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Suzete Costa
- Centre for Health Evaluation & Research, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Cary
- Centre for Health Evaluation & Research, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Teixeira
- Centre for Health Evaluation & Research, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ema Paulino
- Portuguese Pharmaceutical Society, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Macedo
- Portuguese Pharmaceutical Society, Lisbon, Portugal
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Blanchet F. Rôle du pharmacien dans la prévention de l’obésité et l’accompagnement des patients. BULLETIN DE L ACADEMIE NATIONALE DE MEDECINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-4079(19)30814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Jordan MA, Harmon J. Pharmacist interventions for obesity: improving treatment adherence and patient outcomes. INTEGRATED PHARMACY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2015; 4:79-89. [PMID: 29354522 PMCID: PMC5741031 DOI: 10.2147/iprp.s72206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently a worldwide pandemic, with overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) estimated at 35% and 12% of the global adult population, respectively. According to data collected from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, approximately 68.8% of US adults are overweight or obese. Additionally, a large burden of health care costs can be attributed directly to obesity as well as multiple, potentially preventable, comorbidities such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. As a result, national and international organizations, such as the US Centers for Disease Control and World Health Organization, have made halting the rise of the obesity epidemic a top priority. Pharmacists, commonly considered one of the most trustworthy and accessible health care professionals, are ideally situated to provide counseling for weight and lifestyle management. This review presents examples of pharmacist-led as well as collaborative practices that have been somewhat successful in educating and monitoring patient progress in attaining weight-loss goals. Common barriers and potential solutions to administration of lifestyle counseling and monitoring programs, such as limited pharmacist time and resources, lack of expertise and/or confidence in program administration, and patient perception and awareness, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Jordan
- College of Pharmacy – Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Harmon
- College of Pharmacy – Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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