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Kertzman S, Kagan A, Hegedish O, Lapidus R, Weizman A. Do young women with tattoos have lower self-esteem and body image than their peers without tattoos? A non-verbal repertory grid technique approach. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0206411. [PMID: 30682018 PMCID: PMC6347139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Available evidence regarding the reasons for people to acquire body markers such as tattoos is contradictory. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and body image in young women with tattoos. To this end, the repertory grid technique (RGT) was adapted and used to assess differences between women with and without tattoos in terms of self-esteem and body image. Sixty young women with tattoos and sixty young women without (all aged 18-35 years), performed the Color RGT in order to evaluate the relationship between self-esteem and body image. Compared to women without tattoos, women with tattoos showed significantly lower self-esteem and displayed stronger relationships between three constructs: ideal body, ideal self and tattooed woman status. No significant differences in body image were detected between the two groups. Women with tattoos were characterized by an association between body image and self-esteem, while women without tattoos did not display such a correlation. Thus, it appears that links between self-esteem, ideal body, ideal self and constructs of "woman with tattoos" may play a role in tattooing behavior in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semion Kertzman
- Beer-Ya’akov-Ness Ziona Mental Health Center, Forensic Psychiatry Division, Ness Ziona, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Alex Kagan
- The Program for Hermeneutics and Cultural Studies, Interdisciplinary Studies Unit, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Neuro-Pathopsychology, L.S. Vygotsky Institute of Psychology, RSUH, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Criminology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Omer Hegedish
- Beer-Ya’akov-Ness Ziona Mental Health Center, Forensic Psychiatry Division, Ness Ziona, Israel
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rina Lapidus
- Comparative Literature Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Segura-Valverde M, Saúl LA, Baca-García E. The Body Grid as an Assessment Tool for Body Image. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2017.1320244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Segura-Valverde
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Jiménez Díaz Foundation, IIS-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A. Saúl
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, National Distance Education University (UNED), Spain
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Jiménez Díaz Foundation, IIS-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain
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Hermann HC, Grimm A, Klapp BF, Neuhaus R, Papachristou C. Body Experience After Liver Transplantation: A Body Grid Examination. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2016.1227736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. C. Hermann
- Clinic for Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Grimm
- Clinic for Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - B. F. Klapp
- Clinic for Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Neuhaus
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Papachristou
- Clinic for Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
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Bar-Sela G, Danos S, Visel B, Mitnik I. Understanding the Attitudes of Patients with Cancer Toward Complementary and Alternative Therapies. J Palliat Med 2016; 19:496-502. [PMID: 26974235 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2015.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among patients with cancer can be explained by reasons such as growing scientific evidence and improved regulation. However, subjective considerations are also relevant for practicing CAM and perceiving its effectiveness. The current study aimed at qualitatively estimating patients' prior beliefs and expectations, as well as their level of satisfaction after the treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with cancer who received six weekly sessions of CAM during their oncologic treatments participated in the study. They detailed their prior expectations and their level of posttreatment satisfaction. The open-ended answers were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. In addition, the contents before and after the intervention were compared. RESULTS Over a 2-year period, 163 patients entered the study, 135 of whom completed all six CAM sessions. The content analysis of the pretreatment expectations revealed four main categories: emotional, physical, external, and aspects related to the practice of CAM. After the intervention, patients referred to the therapeutic encounter as a significant aspect, in addition to the emotional and physical ones. CONCLUSION CAM sessions encouraged emotional and relational aspects in patients' perspectives, which may be highly relevant for their coping process. Encouraging personal motives may increase treatment efficacy and ensure optimal use of health care resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Bar-Sela
- 1 Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel .,2 Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel
| | - Sara Danos
- 1 Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel
| | - Bella Visel
- 1 Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbal Mitnik
- 1 Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel
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Boyington JEA, Schoster B, Callahan LF. Comparisons of Body Image Perceptions of a Sample of Black and White Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Fibromyalgia in the US. Open Rheumatol J 2015; 9:1-7. [PMID: 25674181 PMCID: PMC4319189 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901409010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the disease-related, body image (BI) perceptions of women diagnosed with, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia (FM). METHODS A purposive sample of twenty-seven females participated in individual semi-structured phone interviews to elicit BI perceptions relative to pain, activity limitations and coping measures. Sessions were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and content analyzed. RESULTS Body image perceptions relative to 5 major themes emerged in the analysis. They focused on Pain, Disease Impact on Physical and Mental Function, Weight, Diseased-Induced Fears and, Coping measures. Pain was a common experience of all participants. Other troubling factors verbalized by participants included dislike and shame of visibly affected body parts, and disease-induced social, psychological and physical limitations. RA participants thought that manifested joint changes, such as swelling and redness, undergirded their prompt diagnosis and receipt of health care. Contrarily, women with fibromyalgia perceived that the lack of visible, disease-related, physical signs led to a discounting of their disease, which led to delayed health care and subsequent frustrations and anger. All but one participant used prayer and meditation as a coping measure. CONCLUSION The body image perceptions evidenced by the majority of participants were generally negative and included specific focus on their disease-affected body parts (e.g. joints), mental function, self-identity, health care experiences, activity limitations and overall quality of life. Given the global effect of RA and FM, assessment and integration of findings about the BI perceptions of individuals with FM and RA may help define suitable interdisciplinary strategies for managing these conditions and improving participants' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Britta Schoster
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leigh F Callahan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Division of Rheumatology ; Department of Medicine, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Department of Social Medicine, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Annunziata MA, Giovannini L, Muzzatti B. Assessing the body image: relevance, application and instruments for oncological settings. Support Care Cancer 2011; 20:901-7. [PMID: 22160547 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-011-1339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Body image is the sum of physical, cognitive, emotional, and relational elements that, when integrated, allow the development of a whole, healthy self-identity. Even though body image is normally studied in relation to eating disorders, it can also be influenced by other pathologies, including cancer. In oncology, an effective body image assessment is fundamental. The physical effects of cancer and cancer treatments are important and frequently irreversible also on a functional and emotional level; however, only few surveys have investigated body image in this peculiar context. METHODS An extensive literature review was carried out in PubMed and PsycINFO. We considered articles published from 1990 to 2010. RESULTS Two hundred sixty-three papers matched the search criteria. Assessment methodologies included clinical interviews, self-report measures, questionnaires, symptom check lists, and graphic tests and projective techniques. After excluding the instruments that referred to eating disorders, validated only for adolescents, and/or projective and graphic tests, we found 81 articles with six questionnaires specifically dedicated to body image assessment in oncology. CONCLUSIONS From our systematic review, we could identify six instruments specifically designed for assessing body image in the oncological area. In this paper, we discuss their general characteristics, psychometrics properties and the clinical implications, and body image relevance on the quality of life in cancer patients.
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Boyington JEA, Devellis R, Shreffler J, Schoster B, Callahan LF. Factor structure of the arthritis body experience scale (ABES) in a U.S. population of people with osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fibromyalgia (FM) and other rheumatic conditions. Open Rheumatol J 2008; 2:64-70. [PMID: 19156223 PMCID: PMC2627534 DOI: 10.2174/1874312900802010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the psychometric properties of the Arthritis Body Experience Scale (ABES) in a US sample of people with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia and other rheumatic conditions. Methods The ABES, with the scoring direction modified, was phone-administered to 937 individuals who self-identified as having one or more arthritis conditions based on a validated, US, national survey assessment tool. Descriptive statistics of demographic variables and factor analysis of scale items were conducted. Scale dimensionality was assessed using principal component analysis (PCA) with oblique rotation. Criteria for assessing factors were eigenvalues > 1, visual assessment of scree plot, and structure and pattern matrices. Results The predominantly female (74.2%) and Caucasian (79.9%) sample had a mean age of 61.0 ± 13.1 years, and a mean BMI of 30.2 ± 7.1. Major arthritis conditions reported were rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia. A three-factor structure with cronbach alpha values of .84, .85 and .53 was elicited, and accounted for 72% of the variance. Discussion Compared to the two-factor structure evidenced by the original ABES scale in a sample of UK adults, the data from this sample evidenced a three-factor structure with higher variance. The third factor’s cronbach alpha of .53 was low and could be improved by the addition of salient questions derived from further qualitative interviews with patients with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions and from current literature findings. Conclusion The observed psychometrics indicate the scale usefully assesses body image in populations with arthritis and related conditions. However, further testing and refinement is needed to determine its utility in clinical and other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E A Boyington
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Body image and body concept in patients with chronic tinnitus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 266:961-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-008-0837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tarteaut MH, Herrmann F, Grandjean R, Toutous-Trellu L. Soins esthétiques aux personnes âgées dans la réhabilitation hospitalière. Rech Soins Infirm 2008. [DOI: 10.3917/rsi.094.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Quist M, Rorth M, Zacho M, Andersen C, Moeller T, Midtgaard J, Adamsen L. High-intensity resistance and cardiovascular training improve physical capacity in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2007; 16:349-57. [PMID: 16978255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a supervised high- and low-intensity structured training program in cancer patients concurrently undergoing chemotherapy. Seventy patients, in different stages of the disease and with different diagnoses (48 females, 22 males), between 18 and 65 years of age (mean age 42.8) participated in a 9-h weekly training program over 6 weeks. The intervention involved physical exercise, relaxation, massage, and body-awareness training. Physical capacity (one-repetition maximum tests (1RM), VO2max) and body composition (weight, skin-fold) were compared before and after the exercise intervention. The average increase in muscular strength was 41.3% (P<0.001) and 14.5% in aerobic fitness (pre: 2.27+/-0.597 L/min, post: 2.56+/-0.644 L/min, (P<0.001). The exercise intervention significantly increased the weight of the subjects by 1% (pre: 72.62+/-13.42 kg, post: 73.25+/-13.44 kg, P=0.016). There was a significant decrease in skin-fold measurements by 3% (P=0.031). The exercise intervention was well tolerated, provided that daily screening criteria were adhered to. The effects of resistance and cardiovascular training observed in this short-term study support the theory that exercise is a beneficial intervention strategy for increasing muscle strength and aerobic fitness during antineoplastic chemotherapy. This type of exercise program can be an important component of complementary treatment for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Quist
- Department 7331, The University Hospital's Centre for Nursing and Care Research, The University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark
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Weber CS, Fliege H, Arck PC, Kreuzer KA, Rose M, Klapp BF. Patients with haematological malignancies show a restricted body image focusing on function and emotion. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2005; 14:155-65. [PMID: 15842465 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2005.00533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of cancer threatens the psychological and bodily integrity. Based on this assumption, we aimed to explore how newly diagnosed patients cope with special regard to the body image (BI). In total, 40 patients (32 haematological malignancies) were assessed by questionnaires on mood, complaints, self-regulation and quality of life (QOL). The BI was assessed by the 'Body Grid' which reveals the constructs patients choose to characterize the body. The constructs were categorized using a model of six predefined categories comprising: emotion, control, activity, strength, function and appearance. Tinnitus sufferers and medical students served as comparison groups. Cancer patients showed significantly more anxious depression and a significantly lower QOL than controls. Their BI was restricted, focusing the functional status of body organs (e.g. opposing healthy vs. ill organs) as well as emotional aspects (e.g. trust vs. fear). The data convey fundamental psychological distress in newly diagnosed cancer patients. Restriction of BI and use of functional constructs may help to buffer the threat to body integrity. The emotional constructs reflect the existential impact. The data give a clear indication for the need for early psychosocial support which should aim at stabilizing the psychological and bodily integrity of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Weber
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
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