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Canela-Xandri A, Balcells M, Villorbina G, Christou P, Canela-Garayoa R. Preparation and Uses of Chlorinated Glycerol Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:E2511. [PMID: 32481583 PMCID: PMC7321119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude glycerol (C3H8O3) is a major by-product of biodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fats. The increased biodiesel production in the last two decades has forced glycerol production up and prices down. However, crude glycerol from biodiesel production is not of adequate purity for industrial uses, including food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The purification process of crude glycerol to reach the quality standards required by industry is expensive and dificult. Novel uses for crude glycerol can reduce the price of biodiesel and make it an economical alternative to diesel. Moreover, novel uses may improve environmental impact, since crude glycerol disposal is expensive and dificult. Glycerol is a versatile molecule with many potential applications in fermentation processes and synthetic chemistry. It serves as a glucose substitute in microbial growth media and as a precursor in the synthesis of a number of commercial intermediates or fine chemicals. Chlorinated derivatives of glycerol are an important class of such chemicals. The main focus of this review is the conversion of glycerol to chlorinated derivatives, such as epichlorohydrin and chlorohydrins, and their further use in the synthesis of additional downstream products. Downstream products include non-cyclic compounds with allyl, nitrile, azide and other functional groups, as well as oxazolidinones and triazoles, which are cyclic compounds derived from ephichlorohydrin and chlorohydrins. The polymers and ionic liquids, which use glycerol as an initial building block, are highlighted, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Canela-Xandri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre and DBA center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-X.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Mercè Balcells
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre and DBA center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-X.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Gemma Villorbina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre and DBA center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-X.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluıís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Canela-Garayoa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre and DBA center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-X.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
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Boultwood T, Bull JA. Synthesis of Selenoaziridines: A Study on Stereochemical Outcomes of the Reaction of Aziridine Radicals and Anions Generated from Iodoaziridines. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:870-879. [PMID: 31459364 PMCID: PMC6648590 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new functional group in the form of selenyl-substituted aziridines is described. Selenoaziridines are stereoselectively prepared by functionalization of intact aziridine precursors involving radical and anionic intermediates. Radicals are generated from cis-N-Ts iodoaziridines by activation of the C-I bond using alkoxides as a source of single electrons. These form predominantly trans-substituted selenoaziridines dependent on the size of the diselenide. cis-Aziridinyllithiums generated by Li-I exchange also react with diselenides stereospecifically to form a range of cis-selenoaziridines. Proposals for the stereochemical outcome are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Boultwood
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - James A. Bull
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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3
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Mori Y. Development of New Synthetic Methods Using Oxiranyl Anions and Application in the Syntheses of Polycyclic Ether Marine Natural Products. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1-17. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Mori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
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4
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Ahooie TS, Azizi N, Hashemi MM, Yavari I. Magnetic g-C3N4 nanocomposite-catalyzed environmentally benign aminolysis of epoxide. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tejo C, Tirtorahardjo D, Day DP, Ma DL, Leung CH, Chan PWH. Brønsted Base-Mediated Aziridination of 2-Alkyl-Substituted-1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds and 2-Acyl-Substituted-1,4-Dicarbonyl Compounds by Iminoiodanes. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of α,α-diacylaziridines and α,α,β-triacylaziridines from reaction of 2-alkyl-substituted-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and 2-acyl-substituted-1,4-dicarbonyl compounds with arylsulfonyliminoiodinanes (ArSO2N=IPh) under Brønsted base-mediated atmospheric conditions is described. The reaction mechanism is thought to involve the formal oxidation of the substrate followed by aziridination of the ensuing α,β-unsaturated intermediate by the hypervalent iodine(iii) reagent.
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Hajra S, Aziz SM, Jana B, Mahish P, Das D. Synthesis of Chiral Spiro-Aziridine Oxindoles via Aza-Corey-Chaykovsky Reaction of Isatin Derived N-tert-Butanesulfinyl Ketimines. Org Lett 2016; 18:532-5. [PMID: 26781920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general and direct strategy for the synthesis of chiral spiro-aziridine oxindoles has been developed via an aza-Corey-Chaykovsky reaction of isatin-derived N-tert-butanesulfinyl ketimines with excellent selectivity (dr = 98:2 to >99:1). The method is explored for the synthesis of chiral 3-substituted spiro-aziridine oxindoles with high (2S,3S)-selectivity over (2S,3R).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Hajra
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus , Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sk Mohammad Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Bibekananda Jana
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus , Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Prosenjit Mahish
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus , Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Dhiraj Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
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Boultwood T, Affron DP, Bull JA. Studies on the synthesis of α-iodoaziridines and improved conditions for the synthesis of alkyl-α-iodoaziridines using ClMgCHI2. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Khani SK, Cundari TR. A comparison of the Simmons-Smith reaction with carbenoids to nitrenoids and oxenoids. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Moragas T, Churcher I, Lewis W, Stockman RA. Asymmetric Synthesis of Trisubstituted Aziridines via Aza-Darzens Reaction of Chiral Sulfinimines. Org Lett 2014; 16:6290-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502967x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Moragas
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ian Churcher
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels
Wood Road, Stevenage, 2SG1
2NY, U.K
| | - William Lewis
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
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11
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Degennaro L, Trinchera P, Luisi R. Recent advances in the stereoselective synthesis of aziridines. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7881-929. [PMID: 24823261 DOI: 10.1021/cr400553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via Edoardo Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
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12
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Boultwood T, Bull JA. Stereospecific Functionalization of Iodoaziridines via Unstabilized Aziridinyllithiums Generated by Iodine–Lithium Exchange. Org Lett 2014; 16:2740-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501024y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Boultwood
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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13
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Llaveria J, Beltrán Á, Sameera WMC, Locati A, Díaz-Requejo MM, Matheu MI, Castillón S, Maseras F, Pérez PJ. Chemo-, Regio-, and Stereoselective Silver-Catalyzed Aziridination of Dienes: Scope, Mechanistic Studies, and Ring-Opening Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5342-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ja412547r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Llaveria
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Beltrán
- Laboratorio
de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - W. M. C. Sameera
- Institute of
Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Abel Locati
- Institute of
Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M. Mar Díaz-Requejo
- Laboratorio
de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Matheu
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sergio Castillón
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of
Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio
de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen 21007 Huelva, Spain
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14
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Salomone A, Perna FM, Falcicchio A, Nilsson Lill SO, Moliterni A, Michel R, Florio S, Stalke D, Capriati V. Direct observation of a lithiated oxirane: a synergistic study using spectroscopic, crystallographic, and theoretical methods on the structure and stereodynamics of lithiated ortho-trifluoromethyl styrene oxide. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52099d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Langer NNP, Bindra GS, Budzelaar PHM. C–H and C–O bond activation with a rhodium(i) β-diiminate complex. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:11286-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00309h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bull JA, Boultwood T, Taylor TA. Highly cis-selective synthesis of iodo-aziridines using diiodomethyllithium and in situ generated N-Boc-imines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:12246-8. [PMID: 23149421 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37029h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The first preparation of iodoaziridines is described. The addition of diiodomethyllithium to N-Boc-imines affords these novel aziridines in high yields. The reaction proceeds in one-pot via a highly diastereoselective cyclisation of an amino gem-diiodide intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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18
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Hughes M, Boultwood T, Zeppetelli G, Bull JA. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aziridinylmetal species, generated by sulfinyl-magnesium exchange, with aryl bromides: reaction optimization, scope, and kinetic investigations. J Org Chem 2013; 78:844-54. [PMID: 23311879 DOI: 10.1021/jo3027824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel, highly substituted N-PMP aziridines have been accessed in high yields by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of intact aziridines. The cross-coupling employed aryl bromides and tertiary organometallic aziridines, generated from sulfinylaziridines by sulfinyl-magnesium exchange and transmetalation to the aziridinylzinc with zinc chloride. A wide range of electron-rich and electron-poor aryl bromides were utilized to afford the functionalized aziridine products as single diastereoisomers with retention of configuration at the reacting center. Assessment of the reaction kinetics showed zero-order in both the aziridine species and the aryl bromide. This indicated that the rate-determining step was reductive elimination from the palladium(II) species bearing both the aziridine and aryl groups to form the hindered C-C bond. The intermediate aziridinylzinc species underwent a progressive, background degradation that led to a plateau in yield and afforded reduced yields in substrates with ortho-substituted aryl groups, which are less reactive due to the additional steric demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Hodgson DM, Persaud RSD. Alkenes from β-lithiooxyphosphonium ylides generated by trapping α-lithiated terminal epoxides with triphenylphosphine. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1896-900. [PMID: 23209528 PMCID: PMC3511028 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal epoxides undergo lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide-induced α-lithiation and subsequent interception with Ph3P to provide a new and direct entry to β-lithiooxyphosphonium ylides. The intermediacy of such an ylide is demonstrated by representative alkene-forming reactions with chloromethyl pivalate, benzaldehyde and CD3OD, giving a Z-allylic pivalate, a conjugated E-allylic alcohol and a partially deuterated terminal alkene, respectively, in modest yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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Pratt LM, Mai BK, Ramachandran BR. Carbenoid Alkene Insertion Reactions of Oxiranyllithiums. J Org Chem 2012; 77:8605-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301550y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M. Pratt
- Department of Physical, Environmental, and
Computer Sciences Medgar Evers College, The City University of New York, 1650 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York
11225, United States
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology,
Quarter 6, LinhTrung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - B. Ramu Ramachandran
- College of Engineering & Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
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A Novel Catalyst-Free One-Pot Synthesis of Some New N-(α-Hydroxybenzyl)formamides by Treatment of 2,2-Dichloroaziridines with Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Water under Neutral Conditions. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Lebel H, Parmentier M, Leogane O, Ross K, Spitz C. Copper bis(oxazolines) as catalysts for stereoselective aziridination of styrenes with N-tosyloxycarbamates. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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M. Hodgson D, A. H. Stent M, S. Paton R, X. Wilson F. Unusual Base-Induced Rearrangement of exo-9-Oxabicyclo[4.2.1]non-7-ene Oxide to exo-8-Hydroxybicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-s(p)35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yoshida JI, Kim H, Nagaki A. Green and sustainable chemical synthesis using flow microreactors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:331-40. [PMID: 21394921 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Several features that allow flow microreactors contribute to green and sustainable chemical synthesis are presented: (1) For extremely fast reactions, kinetics often cannot be used because of the lack of homogeneity of the reaction environment when they are conducted in batch macroreactors. Better controllability, by virtue of fast mixing based on short diffusion paths in microreactors, however, leads to a higher selectivity of the products, based on kinetics considerations. Therefore, less waste is produced. (2) Reactions involving highly unstable intermediates usually require very low temperatures when they are conducted in macrobatch reactors. By virtue of short residence times, flow microreactors enable performing such reactions at ambient temperatures, avoiding cryogenic conditions and minimizing the energy required for cooling. (3) By virtue of the precise residence time control, flow microreactors allow to avoid the use of auxiliary substances such as protecting groups, enabling highly atom- and step-economical straightforward syntheses. The development of several test plants based on microreaction technology has proved that flow microreactor synthesis can be applied to the green and sustainable production of chemical substances on industrial scales. (4) Microreactor technology enables on-demand and on-site synthesis, which leads to less energy for transportation and easy recycling of substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
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Roe C, Solá TM, Sasraku-Neequaye L, Hobbs H, Churcher I, MacPherson D, Stockman RA. On the utility of S-mesitylsulfinimines for the stereoselective synthesis of chiral amines and aziridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:7491-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11870f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Solá TM, Churcher I, Lewis W, Stockman RA. Stereoselective aza-Darzens reactions of tert-butanesulfinimines: convenient access to chiral aziridines. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5034-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05561e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Tsarevsky NV, Jakubowski W. Atom transfer radical polymerization of functional monomers employing Cu-based catalysts at low concentration: Polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nagaki A, Takizawa E, Yoshida JI. Generation and Reactions of Oxiranyllithiums by Use of a Flow Microreactor System. Chemistry 2010; 16:14149-58. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hodgson DM, Xu Z. α,β-Aziridinylphosphonates by lithium amide-induced phosphonyl migration from nitrogen to carbon in terminal aziridines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:978-83. [PMID: 21085508 PMCID: PMC2981828 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Phosphonate terminal aziridines undergo lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide-induced N- to C-[1,2]-anionic phosphonyl group migration under experimentally straightforward conditions, to provide a stereocontrolled access to synthetically valuable trans-α,β-aziridinylphosphonates. The utility of this chemistry has been demonstrated in the asymmetric synthesis of a β-aminophosphonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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Capriati V, Florio S. Anatomy of long-lasting love affairs with lithium carbenoids: past and present status and future prospects. Chemistry 2010; 16:4152-62. [PMID: 20222089 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After a long adolescence, the chemistry of lithium carbenoids has currently been entering its maturity bringing a dowry of a more in-depth and less empirical knowledge of the structure and configurational stability of such double-faced intermediates; this, thanks in particular to the synergistic and harmonic cooperation between calculations and the most modern NMR techniques now at our disposal. Such knowledge has stimulated the development of fruitful stereoselective applications in the field of organic synthesis, providing in addition a rationale to observed selectivities. Such aspects together with the role played by aggregation and solvation on the structure-reactivity relationship are highlighted throughout this Minireview with selected examples extracted from recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Robert-Peillard F, Di Chenna PH, Liang C, Lescot C, Collet F, Dodd RH, Dauban P. Catalytic stereoselective alkene aziridination with sulfonimidamides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Florio S, Luisi R. Aziridinyl Anions: Generation, Reactivity, and Use in Modern Synthetic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5128-57. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Florio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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Chouhan G, Alper H. Domino Ring-Opening/Carboxamidation Reactions of N-Tosyl Aziridines and 2-Halophenols/Pyridinol: Efficient Synthesis of 1,4-Benzo- and Pyrido-oxazepinones. Org Lett 2009; 12:192-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol902598d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Chouhan
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Howard Alper
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
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Capriati V, Florio S, Perna F, Salomone A, Abbotto A, Amedjkouh M, Nilsson Lill S. On the Dichotomic Reactivity of Lithiated Styrene Oxide: A Computational and Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigation. Chemistry 2009; 15:7958-7979. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Bergmeier SC, Lapinsky DJ. Chapter 3: Three-membered ring systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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36
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Hodgson DM, Bray CD, Kindon ND, Reynolds NJ, Coote SJ, Um JM, Houk KN. Synthesis and C-Alkylation of Hindered Aldehyde Enamines. J Org Chem 2008; 74:1019-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802016t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Christopher D. Bray
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Nicholas D. Kindon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Nigel J. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Steven J. Coote
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Joann M. Um
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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37
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Fantauzzi S, Gallo E, Caselli A, Piangiolino C, Ragaini F, Re N, Cenini S. Rearrangement of N-Aryl-2-Vinylaziridines to Benzoazepines and Dihydropyrroles: A Synthetic and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2008; 15:1241-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Capriati V, Florio S, Luisi R. α-Substituted α-Lithiated Oxiranes: Useful Reactive Intermediates. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1918-42. [DOI: 10.1021/cr0683921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 - Bari, Italy
| | - Saverio Florio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 - Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 - Bari, Italy
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Hodgson DM, Kloesges J, Evans B. Asymmetric Synthesis of Terminal N-tert-Butylsulfinyl Aziridines from Organoceriums and an α-Chloroimine. Org Lett 2008; 10:2781-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800961a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry,Chemistry Research Laboratory,University of Oxford, Mansfield Road,Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Johannes Kloesges
- Department of Chemistry,Chemistry Research Laboratory,University of Oxford, Mansfield Road,Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Brian Evans
- Department of Chemistry,Chemistry Research Laboratory,University of Oxford, Mansfield Road,Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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40
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Banks HD. Dramatic effects of halogen substitution and solvent on the rates and mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution reactions of aziridines. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2510-7. [PMID: 18331051 DOI: 10.1021/jo7023224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we reported that fluorine substitution at the carbon positions of aziridine results in profound enhancements of the rate of reaction with ammonia, a typical nucleophile, in the gas phase. In this study the investigation is extended to include chloro- and bromoaziridines. Because syntheses are largely performed in the condensed phase, the present computational investigation [(MP2(Full)/6-311++G(d,p)//MP2(Full)/6-31+G(d) level] was conducted with three typical solvents that cover a wide range of polarity: THF, CH3CN, and H2O. Nucleophiles can react with haloaziridines 1 by displacing a substituted amide ion by means of an SN2 mechanism (pathway a), producing 1,2-diaminohaloethanes (from the initially formed dipolar species 2). Alternatively, a rearrangement mechanism involving rate-determining departure of a halide ion (pathway b) to form an imidoyl halide, 3, is possible. Transition-state theory was used to compute relative reaction rates of these mechanistic possibilities and to assess the role of the halogen substituents and the reaction solvent. Gas-phase results provided the basis of mechanistic insights that were more apparent in the absence of intermolecular interactions. Fluoroaziridines were found to react at accelerated rates relative to aziridine exclusively by means of the a Menshutkin-type mechanism (SN2) in each solvent tested, while the reactions of the chloro- and bromoaziridines could be directed toward 2 in the highly nonpolar solvent, cyclohexane, or toward 3 in the more polar solvents. An assessment is made of the feasibility of using this chemistry of the haloazirdines in the synthetic laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold D Banks
- US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, APG, MD 21010-5424, USA.
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41
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Concellón J, Bernad P, del Solar V, García-Granda S, Díaz MR. Unusual Totally Selective Cyclodimerization of Epoxides: Synthesis of a Pair of Diastereoisomers of Enantiopure 2,5-Disubstituted-1,4-Dioxanes withC2 Symmetry. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Moss TA, Alba A, Hepworth D, Dixon DJ. Efficient base catalyzed alkylation reactions with aziridine electrophiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2474-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b802447b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Fantauzzi S, Gallo E, Caselli A, Piangiolino C, Ragaini F, Cenini S. The (Porphyrin)ruthenium-Catalyzed Aziridination of Olefins Using Aryl Azides as Nitrogen Sources. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Hodgson DM, Fleming MJ, Stanway SJ. The reactivity of epoxides with lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide in combination with organolithiums or grignard reagents. J Org Chem 2007; 72:4763-73. [PMID: 17530802 DOI: 10.1021/jo070291v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The scope and limitations of lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (LTMP)-modified reductive alkylation of epoxides is detailed. A variety of organolithiums are added to terminal and 2,2-disubstituted epoxides in the presence of LTMP to generate alkenes in a completely regio- and highly stereoselective manner. Arylated alkenes, dienes, allylsilanes, and enynes are accessed using this procedure. The methodology is applied in the synthesis of the roller leaf moth pheromone, (3E,5Z)-dodecadienyl acetate. The corresponding reaction without LTMP has also been examined, and a study using deuterated epoxides provides insight into the mechanism. In the presence of LTMP, Grignard reagents are also shown to produce E-alkenes directly from epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
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