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Dong S, Shang S, Tan Z, Danishefsky SJ. Toward Homogeneous Erythropoietin: Application of Metal Free Dethiylation in the Chemical Synthesis of the Ala79-Arg166 Glycopeptide Domain. Isr J Chem 2011; 51:968-976. [PMID: 23585694 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe herein the assembly of hEPO(79-166), a key glycopeptide segment en route to erythropoietin, in minimally protected form. Key to the success of this synthetic endeavor was the application of our two-step cysteine-free native chemical ligation strategy, by which we achieved formal ligation at alanine and proline residues through the use of an N-terminal amino acid surrogate presenting a readily removable thiol functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Dong
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Tan Z, Shang S, Danishefsky SJ. Insights into the finer issues of native chemical ligation: an approach to cascade ligations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9500-3. [PMID: 21053233 PMCID: PMC3199326 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and broadly useful two-step ligation protocol is developed. Important mechanistic issues of ligation were probed from diastereomeric competition studies on the formation of the ligation products. We also report an instance of kinetically controlled ligation through the exploitation of selectivity differences between related N-termini. This study potentially provides a valuable approach to facilitate polypeptide synthesis by minimizing protecting group manipulations and intermediate isolations..
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Tan
- Dr. Z. Tan, Dr. S. Shang, Prof. S. J. Danishefsky, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Shiying Shang
- Dr. Z. Tan, Dr. S. Shang, Prof. S. J. Danishefsky, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Dr. Z. Tan, Dr. S. Shang, Prof. S. J. Danishefsky, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
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Tan Z, Shang S, Danishefsky SJ. Insights into the Finer Issues of Native Chemical Ligation: An Approach to Cascade Ligations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Wilson R, Danishefsky S. Zum Wirkungsbereich der chemischen Synthese: Aufbau einer Minipipeline in einem akademischen Labor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Wilson RM, Danishefsky SJ. On the Reach of Chemical Synthesis: Creation of a Mini-Pipeline from an Academic Laboratory. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6032-56. [PMID: 20661969 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Wilson
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Conroy T, Jolliffe KA, Payne RJ. Synthesis of N-linked glycopeptides via solid-phase aspartylation. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3723-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c003673k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
In this account, we describe the results of a research program directed to the proposition that chemical synthesis can play a valuable role in identifying biologic level molecules worthy of pharma level development. We recount our journey towards the chemical synthesis of homogeneous erythropoietin, the challenges we encountered, and our efforts to address deficiencies in the current "state of the art" of glycopeptide synthesis. Here we describe new methods for the synthesis of glycopeptides that have emerged from the erythropoietin adventure, including the development of unique C-terminal acyl donors, novel amide bond forming methods, and new ligation and coupling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Kan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Zhu J, Wan Q, Ragupathi G, George CM, Livingston PO, Danishefsky SJ. Biologics through chemistry: total synthesis of a proposed dual-acting vaccine targeting ovarian cancer by orchestration of oligosaccharide and polypeptide domains. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4151-8. [PMID: 19253940 DOI: 10.1021/ja810147j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate and peptide-based antitumor vaccine constructs featuring clusters of both tumor associated carbohydrate antigens and mucin-like peptide epitopes have been designed, synthesized, and studied. The mucin-based epitopes are included to act, potentially, as T-cell epitopes in order to provoke a strong immune response. Hopefully the vaccine will simulate cell surface architecture, thereby provoking levels of immunity against cancer cell types displaying such characteristics. With this central idea in mind, we designed a new vaccine type against ovarian cancer. Following advances in glycohistology, our design is based on clusters of Gb(3) antigen and also incorporates a MUC5AC peptide epitope. The vaccine is among the most complex targeted constructs to be assembled by chemical synthesis to date. The strategy for the synthesis employed a Gb(3)-MUC5AC thioester cassette as a key building block. Syntheses of both nonconjugate and KLH-conjugated vaccines constructs have been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Zhu
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 YorkAVenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Tan Z, Shang S, Halkina T, Yuan Y, Danishefsky SJ. Toward homogeneous erythropoietin: non-NCL-based chemical synthesis of the Gln78-Arg166 glycopeptide domain. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5424-31. [PMID: 19334683 PMCID: PMC2765484 DOI: 10.1021/ja808704m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single erythropoietin (EPO) glycoforms with defined mature oligosaccharide structures and amino acid sequences are essential to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which carbohydrates exert various physiological and metabolic functions and to explore the possible links between carbohydrates and the prevention or management of diseases. To demonstrate that it is possible to generate EPO even without recourse to cysteine-based native chemical ligation, a concise synthesis of the partially protected EPO fragment (78-166) bearing fully mature N- and O-glycans is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Tan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Shiying Shang
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Tamara Halkina
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Yu Yuan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027
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Yuan Y, Chen J, Wan Q, Tan Z, Chen G, Kan C, Danishefsky SJ. Toward homogeneous erythropoietin: fine tuning of the C-terminal acyl donor in the chemical synthesis of the Cys29-Gly77 glycopeptide domain. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5432-7. [PMID: 20560636 PMCID: PMC2891568 DOI: 10.1021/ja808705v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is the chemical synthesis of the Cys(29)-Gly(77) glycopeptide domain (22) of erythropoietin. Our initial ligation strategy targeted a C --> N termini condensation between glycopeptide 3 and peptide 4. However, the reaction was hindered by the "unattainable" reactivity, mismatched polarity, and severe aggregation of the (glyco)peptide substrates. In contrast, by tuning the C-terminal acyl donor and using smaller peptide fragments, the Cys(29)-Gly(77) glycopeptide domain of erythropoietin was prepared through unconventional N --> C termini condensation reactions. The use of a p-cyanonitrophenyl ester and the development of a masked thiophenyl ester as acyl donors enabled us to promptly access glycopeptides bearing complex carbohydrates and offer potential synthetic applications beyond our current work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Jin Chen
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Qian Wan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Zhongping Tan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Gong Chen
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Cindy Kan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027
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Kan C, Trzupek JD, Wu B, Wan Q, Chen G, Tan Z, Yuan Y, Danishefsky SJ. Toward homogeneous erythropoietin: chemical synthesis of the Ala1-Gly28 glycopeptide domain by "alanine" ligation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5438-43. [PMID: 19334679 PMCID: PMC2765573 DOI: 10.1021/ja808707w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Ala(1)-Gly(28) glycopeptide fragment (28) of EPO was prepared by chemical synthesis as a single glycoform. Key steps in the synthesis include attachment of a complex dodecasaccharide (7) to a seven amino acid peptide via Lansbury aspartylation, native chemical ligation to join peptide 19 with the glycopeptide domain 18, and a selective desulfurization at the ligation site to reveal the natural Ala(19). This glycopeptide fragment (28) contains both the requisite N-linked dodecasaccharide and a C-terminal (alpha)thioester handle, the latter feature permitting direct coupling with a glycopeptide fragment bearing N-terminal Cys(29) without further functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Kan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - John D. Trzupek
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Bin Wu
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Qian Wan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Gong Chen
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Zhongping Tan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Yu Yuan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027
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Chen J, Wan Q, Yuan Y, Zhu J, Danishefsky SJ. Native chemical ligation at valine: a contribution to peptide and glycopeptide synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8521-4. [PMID: 18833563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Chen J, Wan Q, Yuan Y, Zhu J, Danishefsky S. Native Chemical Ligation at Valine: A Contribution to Peptide and Glycopeptide Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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