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Birhan GS, Belete GT, Eticha BL, Ayele FA. Magnitude of Maladaptive Coping Strategy and Its Associated Factors Among Adult Glaucoma Patients Attending Tertiary Eye Care Center in Ethiopia. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:711-723. [PMID: 36895951 PMCID: PMC9990501 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s398990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coping strategy is the mechanism by which patients adjust to the condition they face. It can be adaptive or maladaptive. A maladaptive coping strategy is a harmful and ineffective way of dealing with stress or anxiety. It is common among patients with chronic illnesses. Despite Ethiopia having a greater glaucoma prevalence, there was no evidence of patients with glaucoma using maladaptive coping mechanisms. Objective The main goal of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of maladaptive coping strategy use and the factors that associate with it among adult glaucoma patients enrolled in the Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center at the University of Gondar in Northwest Ethiopia in 2022. Methods and Materials At the University of Gondar, Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center, a facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 423 glaucoma patients chosen by a systematic random sampling technique from May 15 to June 30, 2022. Optometrists conducted an interview with the study subject and reviewed the medical record, and administered a pretested, structured questionnaire of the brief cope inventory assessment. In the multivariable logistic regression, binary logistic regression was performed to identify the related factors, and significance was taken into account when the p-value was less than 0.05 at the 95% confidence interval. Results The study found that among study participants 50.1% (95% CI: 45.1-54.5%) had a maladaptive coping strategy. Female sex (AOR=2.031, 95% CI:1.185-3.480), chronic medical illness (AOR=1.760, 95% CI:1.036-2.989), bilateral glaucoma (AOR=2.321, 95% CI: 1.328-4.055), receiving both drug and surgery treatment (AOR=1.895, 95% CI: 1.002-3.585), severe visual impairment (AOR=2.758, 95% CI:1.110-6.852), absolute glaucoma (AOR=2.543, 95% CI:1.048-6.169), duration of diagnosis >12 months (AOR=3.886, 95% CI: 2.295-6.580) were significantly associated with a maladaptive coping strategy. Conclusion and Recommendation Half of the participants had a maladaptive coping strategy. It is better to set and plan strategies that enable the integration of coping strategy care into the current treatment of patients with glaucoma to encourage positive coping strategies instead of maladaptive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getenet Shumet Birhan
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gizachew Tilahun Belete
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Lelisa Eticha
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fisseha Admassu Ayele
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Eni EN, Edet BE, Ibanga AA, Duke RE. <p>Cross-Sectional Study on the Coping Strategies Among Glaucoma Patients Attending a Secondary Eye Clinic in Calabar, Nigeria</p>. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:1307-1313. [PMID: 32494121 PMCID: PMC7231764 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s242443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The major objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the coping strategies of glaucoma patients at a secondary eye care unit with a view to deciding whether an intervention programme would be justified. Patients and Methods The coping styles of 130 consenting adult glaucoma patients aged 18 years and above who were being treated for glaucoma in the Cross River State Eye Care Programme clinic in Calabar, Nigeria, were investigated by means of the 28-item Brief-COPE inventory in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Results The mean age of the participants was 54.2 years (±14.3) while almost three quarters (73.8%) of them were married. About four out of every five persons examined (81.5%) had a minimum of primary education. “Substance (alcohol and other drug) use”, “self-blame” and “behavioural disengagement” are coping styles that were reported by 33%, 42% and 42% of the participants, respectively. This group of patients should be identified in the clinic for appropriate psychological intervention. Conclusion The present study confirms previous findings and contributes additional evidence that suggests that coping strategies should be considered in the holistic management of glaucoma patients. The information from the current study can be used to develop targeted interventions aimed at improving the coping styles of glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egbula Nkanu Eni
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
- Correspondence: Egbula Nkanu Eni Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, NigeriaTel +234 7035252071 Email
| | | | | | - Roseline Ekanem Duke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
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Alkozi HA, Navarro G, Aguinaga D, Reyes-Resina I, Sanchez-Naves J, Pérez de Lara MJ, Franco R, Pintor J. Adreno-melatonin receptor complexes control ion homeostasis and intraocular pressure - their disruption contributes to hypertensive glaucoma. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2090-2105. [PMID: 31901203 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Often, glaucoma presents with elevated eye hydrostatic pressure, which is regulated by endogenous melatonin. Phenylephrine increases cytoplasmic [Ca2+ ], via α1 -adrenoceptor activation, that is detrimental in glaucoma. The aims of this study were (a) to elucidate the role of melatonin receptors in humour production and intraocular pressure (IOP) maintenance and (b) to identify glaucoma-relevant melatonin-adrenoceptor interactions. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Biophysical and proximity ligation assays were performed to identify interactions in heterologous expression systems, in cell lines and in human eyes. Gs /Gi /Gq signalling was investigated in these systems and in cells producing aqueous humour. IOP was determined in a mice model of glaucoma. Retinography and topically pharmacological treatment were performed in control and in glaucomatous mice. KEY RESULTS α1 -adreno- and melatonin receptors form functional complexes in which the C-terminal tail of the adrenoceptor plays a role. Remarkably, activation of α1 -adrenoceptors in these complexes did not lead to cytosolic Ca2+ increases, suggesting Gs instead of Gq coupling is involved. The number of these complexes significantly decreased in models of glaucoma and, importantly, in human samples from glaucoma patients. This has led to hypothesize that melatonin, a hypotensive agent, plus blockade of α1 -adrenoceptors could normalize pressure in glaucoma. Remarkably, co-instillation of melatonin and prazosin, an α1 -adrenoceptor antagonist, resulted in long-term decreases in IOP in a well-established animal model of glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The findings are instrumental to understand the physiological function of melatonin in the eye and its potential to address eye pathologies by targeting melatonin receptors and their complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Awad Alkozi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Aguinaga
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juan Sanchez-Naves
- Department of Ophthalmology, Balearic Islands Institute of Ophthalmology, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria J Pérez de Lara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Pintor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Alkozi HA, Navarro G, Franco R, Pintor J. Melatonin and the control of intraocular pressure. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 75:100798. [PMID: 31560946 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is not only synthesized by the pineal gland but by several ocular structures. This natural indoleamine is of great importance for regulating several eye processes, among which pressure homeostasis is included. Glaucoma, the most prevalent eye disease, also known as the silent thief of vision, is a multifactorial pathology that is associated to age and, often, to intraocular hypertension (IOP). Indeed IOP is the only modifiable risk factor and as such medications are available to control it; however, novel medications are sought to minimize undesirable side effects. Melatonin and analogues decrease IOP in both normotensive and hypertensive eyes. Melatonin activates its cognate membrane receptors, MT1 and MT2, which are present in numerous ocular tissues, including the aqueous-humor-producing ciliary processes. Melatonin receptors belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors and their activation would lead to different signalling pathways depending on the tissue. This review describes the molecular mechanisms underlying differential functionalities that are attributed to melatonin receptors. Accordingly, the current work highlights the important role of melatonin and its analogues in the healthy and in the glaucomatous eyes, with special attention to the control of intraocular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Awad Alkozi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegeneratives (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Juan XXIII, 27, 08027, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegeneratives (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jesus Pintor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia, Calle Farmacia 11, 28004, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Aging skin is subject to morphological change due to both intrinsic (skin tone, genetics, endogenous hormones) and extrinsic (chronic sun exposure, medications, exogenous pigments) factors. The broad spectrum of transformation includes both hypo- and hyperpigmentation. Although cutaneous pigmentary disorders are common in younger individuals, certain disorders are more prevalent in the geriatric population. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical appearance, treatment, and prognosis of pigmentary lesions that are predominant in the elderly.
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Martinez-de-la-Casa JM, Donde S, Wierzbowska J. Latanoprost, a balanced prostaglandin. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2019.1567331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaantanu Donde
- Global Medical Affairs, Pfizer Essential Health, Tadworth, UK
| | - Joanna Wierzbowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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Krupa M, Chodyński M, Ostaszewska A, Cmoch P, Dams I. A Novel Convergent Synthesis of the Potent Antiglaucoma Agent Tafluprost. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020217. [PMID: 28146132 PMCID: PMC6155834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tafluprost (AFP-168, 5) is a unique 15-deoxy-15,15-difluoro-16-phenoxy prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) analog used as an efficacious ocular hypotensive agent in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension, as monotherapy, or as adjunctive therapy to β-blockers. A novel convergent synthesis of 5 was developed employing Julia–Lythgoe olefination of the structurally advanced prostaglandin phenylsulfone 16, also successfully applied for manufacturing of pharmaceutical grade latanoprost (2), travoprost (3) and bimatoprost (4), with an aldehyde ω-chain synthon 17. The use of the same prostaglandin phenylsulfone 16, as a starting material in parallel syntheses of all commercially available antiglaucoma PGF2α analogs 2–5, significantly reduces manufacturing costs resulting from its synthesis on an industrial scale and development of technological documentation. Another key aspect of the route developed is deoxydifluorination of a trans-13,14-en-15-one 30 with Deoxo-Fluor. Subsequent hydrolysis of protecting groups and final esterification of acid 6 yielded tafluprost (5). The main advantages are the preparation of high purity tafluprost (5) and the application of comparatively cheap reagents. The preparation and identification of two other tafluprost acid derivatives, tafluprost methyl ester (32) and tafluprost ethyl amide (33), are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Krupa
- Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Chodyński
- Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Ostaszewska
- Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 42/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Iwona Dams
- Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
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8
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Trzeciecka A, Paterno JJ, Toropainen E, Koskela A, Podracka L, Korhonen E, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K, Smedowski A. Long-term topical application of preservative-free prostaglandin analogues evokes macrophage infiltration in the ocular adnexa. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 788:12-20. [PMID: 27288881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Success of the long-term glaucoma therapy and preservation of the visual function strongly depend on patients' compliance which may be affected by the inconvenience of treatment and its side effects. Recently, introduction of preservative-free anti-glaucoma agents has become an important step towards improved glaucoma care by eliminating the negative effects of preservatives on the eye surface. Although, newly developed eye drop formulations do not contain standard preservatives, they still can be harmful to ocular surface due to other excipients. In this study, we compared tolerability of commercial preservative-free (pf) prostaglandin analogues (pf tafluprost, pf latanoprost and pf bimatoprost) in long-term topical application in rabbits in vivo. We found that after eight weeks treatment, pf latanoprost was the worst tolerated among the tested drops. It expressed increased conjunctival redness and blinking frequency. Furthermore, it caused increased LDH release in the aqueous humour, infiltration of macrophages in the eyelids and visible defects in conjunctival goblet cells. However, we did not detect increased levels of inflammatory markers in the tear fluid or in the aqueous humour. Based on our study, we suspect that these negative effects are related to excipients included in pf latanoprost formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trzeciecka
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Jussi Paterno
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elisa Toropainen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ali Koskela
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lucia Podracka
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eveliina Korhonen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Panewnicka 65, 40-760 Katowice, Poland; Chair and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
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Myers JS, Vold S, Zaman F, Williams JM, Hollander DA. Bimatoprost 0.01% or 0.03% in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension previously treated with latanoprost: two randomized 12-week trials. Clin Ophthalmol 2014; 8:643-52. [PMID: 24707169 PMCID: PMC3971936 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s59197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy and safety of bimatoprost 0.01% or 0.03% as monotherapy in patients treated with latanoprost 0.005% monotherapy who require additional IOP lowering for their ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. Methods Two prospective, investigator-masked, randomized, parallel-group, multicenter studies enrolled patients with baseline IOP ≥20 mmHg after ≥30 days of latanoprost 0.005% monotherapy. Patients were randomized to 12 weeks of study treatment (study 1, bimatoprost 0.01% once daily or bimatoprost 0.01% once daily plus brimonidine 0.1% three times daily; study 2, bimatoprost 0.03% once daily or bimatoprost 0.03% once daily plus fixed-combination brimonidine 0.2%/timolol 0.5% twice daily). Patient evaluations at weeks 4 and 12 included IOP at 8 am, 10 am, and 4 pm and safety assessments. Results in the monotherapy study arms (bimatoprost 0.01% or 0.03%) are presented. Results Latanoprost-treated baseline mean diurnal IOP (± standard error of the mean) was 22.2±0.3 mmHg and 22.1±0.4 mmHg in the bimatoprost 0.01% and bimatoprost 0.03% treatment arms, respectively (P=0.957). In both treatment arms, mean (± standard error of the mean) reduction in IOP from latanoprost-treated baseline was statistically significant at each time point at both follow-up visits (P<0.001), ranging from 3.7±0.4 (17.0%) mmHg to 4.4±0.4 (19.9%) mmHg with bimatoprost 0.01% and from 2.8±0.5 (12.8%) mmHg to 3.9±0.5 (16.7%) mmHg with bimatoprost 0.03%. Mean percentage IOP reduction from latanoprost-treated baseline was numerically greater with bimatoprost 0.01% than with bimatoprost 0.03% throughout follow-up. The incidence of conjunctival hyperemia of mild or greater severity increased from latanoprost baseline after 12 weeks of treatment only in the bimatoprost 0.03% treatment arm. Conclusion Many patients who do not reach their target IOP on latanoprost can achieve additional IOP lowering and maintain monotherapy by replacing latanoprost with bimatoprost. Reductions in IOP from latanoprost baseline were larger with bimatoprost 0.01% than with bimatoprost 0.03%, and bimatoprost 0.01% had a more favorable tolerability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fiaz Zaman
- Houston Eye Associates, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Krause W. Drug-induced hperpigemntation: a systematic review. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2013; 11:644-51. [PMID: 23650908 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired hyperpigmentation of the skin is sometimes interpreted as an adverse effect of drugs. Systematic studies are rare in the literature; predominantly case reports have been published. The present review provides evaluates the evidence for a causal relation. METHODS The reports on a relationship between hyperpigmentation and drugs from 1970 until June 2012 found in MEDLINE and EMBASE were rated according to the SIGN grading system for clinical studies. In this system, the grade of evidence of each report is rated. The highest grade of evidence for each drug is cited. RESULTS 306 publications were included. They were predominantly case reports; only a small number of case series was available. Only very few case-control-studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) were found. For the majority of drugs, there was a low level of evidence for a causal relationship in drug-induced hyperpigmentation. A causal relationship is likely only for prostaglandins, minocycline, phenothiazine, nicotine, and antimalarial drugs. CONCLUSIONS There is little evidence for drug-induced hyperpigmentation. A causal relationship appears liklely only for a limited number of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Krause
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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Lotti TM, Hercogová J, Schwartz RA, Tsampau D, Korobko I, Pietrzak A, Mitrevska NT, Valle Y, Buggiani G. Treatments of vitiligo: what's new at the horizon. Dermatol Ther 2012; 25 Suppl 1:S32-40. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jana Hercogová
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; 2nd Medical School; Charles University of Prague; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Robert A. Schwartz
- Department of Dermatology and Pathology; New Jersey Medical School; Newark; New Jersey
| | | | | | - Aldona Pietrzak
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Pediatic Dermatology; Medical University of Lublin; Lublin; Poland
| | | | - Yan Valle
- Vitiligo Research Foundation; New York; New York
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12
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Swymer C, Neville MW. Tafluprost: The First Preservative-Free Prostaglandin to Treat Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension. Ann Pharmacother 2012; 46:1506-10. [PMID: 23092867 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1r229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trial data, efficacy data, and adverse effect incidence of tafluprost. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was completed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Tafluprost was the primary search term. Articles published between January 2008 and April 2012 were included in this review. Additional limits placed on the searches were “human” and “English.” Citations in which tafluprost appeared in the title were 36, 29, and more than 300 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, respectively. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Three clinical trials were included in this review. One trial enrolled more than 500 subjects in a randomized fashion. Another also enrolled more than 500 subjects, although the study design was not randomized. The third trial evaluated the effects of tafluprost on subjects who had recently discontinued use of latanoprost, another prostaglandin that is approved to treat glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The duration of all 3 trials was 12 weeks. DATA SYNTHESIS: Tafluprost 0.0015% is the first topical prostaglandin approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension that does not contain the widely used preservative, benzalkonium chloride (BAK). Although some controversy surrounds the long-term safety of exposure to BAK, clinical trial data are inconclusive. Tafluprost, like other prostaglandin analogues, exerts its effects on prostaglandin F receptors to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). Results from 1 trial demonstrated significant reductions in IOP when monotherapy was switched to tafluprost monotherapy. Reductions in IOP with tafluprost use were compared with those seen with use of timolol and latanoprost in 2 trials, and noninferiority was observed. Significant reductions in tear osmolarity were noted in subjects who changed from latanoprost, another prostaglandin analogue, to tafluprost therapy. Conjunctival hyperemia is the most common adverse effect seen in patients receiving drugs from this class. Many have also reported stinging, ocular pruritus, increased darkening or growth of eyelashes, and darkening of eyelids, as well as irreversible brown pigmentation of the iris. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trial data suggest that tafluprost is as efficacious as other agents used in the management of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Its use may be especially advantageous in people with allergies, sensitivities to preservatives, or dry or sensitive eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Swymer
- Cory Swymer PharmD, at time of writing, PharmD student, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens; now, Director of Pharmacy, Putnam General Hospital, Eatonton, GA
| | - Michael W Neville
- Michael W Neville PharmD BCPS FASHP, Clinical Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia
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13
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Guedes RAP, Guedes VMP, Freitas SM, Chaoubah A. Quality of life of glaucoma patients under medical therapy with different prostaglandins. Clin Ophthalmol 2012; 6:1749-53. [PMID: 23152652 PMCID: PMC3497450 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s37347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the quality of life of glaucoma patients under medical therapy with different prostaglandin analogs. METHODS A cross-sectional study of consecutive glaucoma patients was designed. We assessed the patients' quality of life through the Brazilian 25-question version of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire, comprising 12 subscales (general health, general vision, ocular pain, near vision, distance vision, social function, mental health, role limitations, dependency, driving, color vision, and peripheral vision) and a total composite score. Clinical features, including current medical treatment, were obtained from each patient's medical record. Three groups of patients were identified according to the prostaglandin in use: bimatoprost, latanoprost, or travoprost. The main outcome measures were: mean score in each subscale and mean total composite score. RESULTS The mean total composite score for the whole group was 70.60. The bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost groups had the following mean composite scores, respectively: 56.56, 77.36, and 71.08 (P = 0.001, analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Latanoprost and travoprost results were similar, and both were superior to bimatoprost. Most subscales had similar results. The subscale with the lowest score for all groups was general health. Groups were homogenous and comparable. CONCLUSION There is a difference in the quality of life between glaucoma patients using prostaglandin analogs. It seems that bimatoprost users have lower QoL when compared to latanoprost and travoprost users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Paletta Guedes
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil ; Paletta Guedes Ophthalmological Center, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil ; Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Daull P, Buggage R, Lambert G, Faure MO, Serle J, Wang RF, Garrigue JS. A Comparative Study of a Preservative-Free Latanoprost Cationic Emulsion (Catioprost) and a BAK-Preserved Latanoprost Solution in Animal Models. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2012; 28:515-23. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2011.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Janet Serle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rong-Fang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of preservative-free tafluprost and timolol in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Am J Ophthalmol 2012; 153:1187-96. [PMID: 22310086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and safety of tafluprost, a preservative-free (PF) prostaglandin analogue, with PF timolol in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. DESIGN Randomized, double-masked, multicenter clinical trial. METHODS After discontinuation and washout of existing ocular hypotensive treatment, patients who had intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥23 and ≤36 mm Hg in at least 1 eye at the 08:00 hour time point were randomized 1:1 to 12 weeks of treatment with either PF tafluprost 0.0015% or PF timolol 0.5%. IOP was measured 3 times during the day (08:00, 10:00, 16:00 hours) at baseline and at weeks 2, 6, and 12. It was hypothesized that PF tafluprost would be noninferior to PF timolol over 12 weeks with regard to change from baseline IOP. The trial was powered for a noninferiority margin of 1.5 mm Hg at each of the 9 time points assessed. RESULTS A total of 643 patients were randomized and 618 completed (PF tafluprost = 306, PF timolol = 312). IOPs at the 3 time points assessed during the baseline visit ranged from 23.8 to 26.1 mm Hg in the PF tafluprost group and 23.5 to 26.0 mm Hg in the PF timolol group. IOPs at the 3 time points assessed during the 12-week visit ranged from 17.4 to 18.6 mm Hg for PF tafluprost and 17.9 to 18.5 mm Hg for PF timolol. At all 9 time points, the upper limits of the 2-sided 95% confidence intervals for the difference between treatments in IOP lowering were less than the prespecified noninferiority margin. Similar percentages of PF tafluprost and PF timolol patients reported ocular pain/stinging/irritation (4.4% vs 4.6%) and pruritus (2.5% vs 1.5%). The percentages of PF tafluprost and PF timolol patients reporting conjunctival hyperemia were 4.4% vs 1.2% (nominal P = .016). CONCLUSIONS The IOP-lowering effect of PF tafluprost was noninferior to that of PF timolol. PF tafluprost is an efficacious and generally well-tolerated ocular hypotensive agent.
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Pellinen P, Huhtala A, Tolonen A, Lokkila J, Mäenpää J, Uusitalo H. The Cytotoxic Effects of Preserved and Preservative-Free Prostaglandin Analogs on Human Corneal and Conjunctival EpitheliumIn Vitroand the Distribution of Benzalkonium Chloride Homologs in Ocular Surface TissuesIn Vivo. Curr Eye Res 2011; 37:145-54. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2011.626909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hommer A, Kimmich F. Switching patients from preserved prostaglandin-analog monotherapy to preservative-free tafluprost. Clin Ophthalmol 2011; 5:623-31. [PMID: 21629567 PMCID: PMC3104790 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s17876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Efficacy, tolerability and safety of the novel preservative-free prostaglandin tafluprost 0.0015% were investigated for the treatment of patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension in a clinical setting. Patients and methods: Data were collected in a non-interventional, prospective, multi-center, observational, open label study. 118 patients were treated with a prostaglandin analog (PGA) monotherapy (preserved formulations of latanoprost, travoprost or bimatoprost) prior to baseline. Intraocular pressure (IOP) readings were recorded for each eye at baseline (previous therapy), 4–6 weeks, and 12 weeks after changing medical treatment to preservative-free tafluprost once-daily. We analyzed the change in IOP over the study period for all patients as well as for a subgroup of patients with prior PGA monotherapy. Subjective symptoms and objective ocular signs were determined. Comfort was measured using a 4 step scale. All adverse events were recorded. Paired t-tests were conducted to compare IOP values at baseline to IOP values after treatment with tafluprost 0.0015%. Bowker’s test of symmetry was used for statistical evaluation of changes of clinical signs (hyperemia). Results: In total 118 patients were eligible for evaluation. In these patients with prior PGA monotherapy (n = 118) IOP decreased significantly from 16.2 ± 4.3 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.55) at treated baseline to 14.8 ± 3.2 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.43; P < 0.001) at final visit on tafluprost. In a subset of patients with prior latanoprost monotherapy (n = 68) mean IOP at baseline (±SD) was reduced from 16.2 ± 4.6 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.77) 14.8 ± 3.1 mm Hg at final visit (95% CI: 0.54, P < 0.001), in patients with prior travoprost monotherapy (n = 32) from 16.2 ± 4.3 mm Hg (95% CI: 1.05) to 14.9 ± 3.3 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.91; P < 0.05) and in patients with prior bimatoprost monotherapy (n = 18) from 16.4 ± 3.5 mm Hg (95% CI: 1.14) to 15.0 ± 3.3 mm Hg (95% CI: 1.14; P = 0.252). Both, objective clinical signs and subjective symptoms improved after changing medication to preservative-free tafluprost until final visit. The number of patients with moderate and severe hyperemia decreased from 51 (43.2%) at baseline to 2 (1.9%) at final visit. Conclusion: Preservative-free tafluprost 0.0015% was effective, well tolerated and safe. IOP was controlled effectively and ocular symptoms and clinical signs were improved after changing medication to a monotherapy with preservative-free tafluprost in patients previously treated with a preserved latanoprost, travoprost or bimatoprost monotherapy.
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Schultz C. Tafluprost for the reduction of interocular pressure in open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. OPHTHALMOLOGY AND EYE DISEASES 2011; 3:13-9. [PMID: 23861619 PMCID: PMC3661433 DOI: 10.4137/oed.s4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tafluprost is an FP receptor antagonist that has been shown in clinical studies in Europe and Japan to be extremely useful in treating elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma. The drug is well tolerated and appears to be at least equal in effectiveness and perhaps superior to other protanoids for routine use comparison to be superior to other treatments for the elevated IOP as the side effects and other related symptomology appear to be less, while maintaining a level of pressure control for prolonged periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyde Schultz
- Department of Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada T2N 1N4 and Biogram Inc., Ponte Vedra Beach, FL 32004, USA
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