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Wardi J, Ernst O, Lilja A, Aeed H, Katz S, Ben-Nachum I, Ben-Dror I, Katz D, Bernadsky O, Kandhikonda R, Avni Y, Fraser IDC, Weinstain R, Biro A, Zor T. 3-Aminobenzamide Prevents Concanavalin A-Induced Acute Hepatitis by an Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Mechanism. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:3382-3397. [PMID: 30196390 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Concanavalin A is known to activate T cells and to cause liver injury and hepatitis, mediated in part by secretion of TNFα from macrophages. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors have been shown to prevent tissue damage in various animal models of inflammation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of the PARP-1 inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) in preventing concanavalin A-induced liver damage. METHODS We tested the in vivo effects of 3-AB on concanavalin A-treated mice, its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages in culture, and its ability to act as a scavenger in in vitro assays. RESULTS 3-AB markedly reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and liver tissue damage in concanavalin A-treated mice. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, 3-AB inhibited NFκB transcriptional activity and subsequent expression of TNFα and iNOS and blocked NO production. In vitro, 3-AB acted as a hydrogen peroxide scavenger. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the ROS formation inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) also inhibited TNFα expression in stimulated macrophages, but unlike 3-AB, NAC and DPI were unable to abolish NFκB activity. PARP-1 knockout failed to affect NFκB and TNFα suppression by 3-AB in stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 3-AB has a therapeutic effect on concanavalin A-induced liver injury by inhibiting expression of the key pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα, via PARP-1-independent NFκB suppression and via an NFκB-independent anti-oxidative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joram Wardi
- Department of Gastroenterology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel.
| | - Orna Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anna Lilja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hussein Aeed
- Department of Gastroenterology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Sebastián Katz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Idan Ben-Nachum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Ben-Dror
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dolev Katz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Olga Bernadsky
- Department of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Rajendar Kandhikonda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yona Avni
- Department of Gastroenterology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Iain D C Fraser
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Roy Weinstain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Biro
- Institute of Nephrology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel.
| | - Tsaffrir Zor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Kanno SI, Matsukawa E, Miura A, Shouji A, Asou K, Ishikawa M. Diethyldithiocarbamate-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in leukemia cell lines. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:964-8. [PMID: 12843619 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) has been shown to induce cytotoxicity in several different systems. We examined whether the DDTC-induced cytotoxicity was via apoptosis, or in relation to intracellular glutathione (GSH) in various murine and human leukemia cell lines. The cells most sensitive to DDTC-induced cytotoxicity were P388 lymphoid neoplasma cells and NALM-6, a B cell line of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The next level of susceptible cells included J774.1, having a macrophage function, HL-60 premyelocytic leukemia cells, MOLT-4, an acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell, and Jurkat, a T-cell leukemia. U937 (expressing many monocyte-like characteristics), K562 erythroleukemia and K562/DXR (a multidrug-resistant clone derived from K562) were almost unaffected by DDTC. P388 was also highly susceptible to H(2)O(2), a most useful exogenous reactive oxygen species generator, and was lower in intracellular total GSH content than other leukemia cells. DDTC-induced cytotoxicity was closely related to intracellular GSH, but the level of cellular GSH did not always correlate with H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity in this experiment. K562 had a higher intracellular total GSH content and showed lower susceptibility to DDTC and H(2)O(2), but with the combination of DDTC and DL-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), cytotoxicity increased significantly. The ratio of GSH/GSSG in P388 was reduced by DDTC or H(2)O(2). H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity was completely blocked by catalase (CAT), while it was enhanced by superoxide dismutase (SOD). CAT or SOD did not affect DDTC-induced cytotoxicity. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC: 1 mM), a vanguard substance of GSH, and aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA: 100 microM), an endonuclease inhibitor, ameliorated DDTC-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. In conclusion, we suggest that DDTC-induced cytotoxicity was via an oxidative shift in the intracellular redox state, and accompanied the activation of endonuclease through apoptosis in leukemia cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syu-ichi Kanno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Research Institute, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
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Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, and the elimination of apoptotic cells are crucial factors in the maintenance of liver health Apoptosis allows hepatocytes to die without provoking a potentially harmful inflammatory response In contrast to necrosis, apoptosis is tightly controlled and regulated via several mechanisms, including Fas/Fas ligand interactions, the effects of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and the influence of pro- and antiapoptotic mitochondria-associated proteins of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family. Efficient elimination of apoptotic cells in the liver relies on Kupffer cells and endothelial cells and is thought to be regulated by the expression of certain cell surface receptors. Liver disease is often associated with enhanced hepatocyte apoptosis, which is the case in viral and autoimmune hepatitis, cholestatic diseases, and metabolic disorders. Disruption of apoptosis is responsible for other diseases, for example, hepatocellular carcinoma. Use and abuse of certain drugs, especially alcohol, chemotherapeutic agents, and acetaminophen, have been associated with increased apoptosis and liver damage. Apoptosis also plays a role in transplantation-associated liver damage, both in ischemia/reperfusion injury and graft rejection. The role of apoptosis in various liver diseases and the mechanisms by which apoptosis occurs in the liver may provide insight into these diseases and suggest possible treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Neuman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is one of the most commonly used over-the-counter medications. Taken in doses greater than 150 mg/kg/day (>10 g), it usually causes acute liver failure. The authors review mainly the management of acetaminophen toxicity in both users and nonusers of alcohol. Chronic alcoholics are a special subgroup, who risk serious toxicity when taking acetaminophen, even in therapeutic doses. The acetaminophen-alcohol interaction is complex, because acute and chronic ethanol have opposite effects. This review also considers physiological and clinical changes, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of acetaminophen poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tanaka
- Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-8575, Japan.
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