1
|
Shatokhin AN, Kolesnikov AO, Sasorov PV, Vishnyakov EA, Ragozin EN. High-resolution stigmatic spectrograph for a wavelength range of 12.5-30 nm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:19009-19019. [PMID: 30114161 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.019009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe a broadband (12.5-30 nm) extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectrograph, which is stigmatic throughout its operating range. The instrument employs a near-normal-incidence aperiodic Mo/Si multilayer mirror and a grazing-incidence plane varied line-space (VLS) grating. Strict stigmatism is fulfilled simultaneously at two wavelengths and the condition of practical stigmatism is fulfilled over two octaves in wavelength. The vertically space-resolved line spectra of multiple charge ions from laser plasma were recorded to demonstrate a spectral resolving power of 103 and a spatial resolution of ~26 μm, both figures corresponding to two detector pixels. The electron density was evaluated from the Stark broadening of the Balmer line Hβ (135 Å) of C VI in the plasma excited by 0.5 J, 8 ns, 1.06 μm pulses.
Collapse
|
2
|
Poletto L, Frassetto F. Cost-effective plane-grating monochromator design for extreme-ultraviolet application. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:1202-1211. [PMID: 29469865 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The optical design of a plane-grating monochromator mainly intended for high resolution in the extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray is presented. The configuration has three optical elements. It uses a uniform line-spaced plane grating illuminated in the converging light coming from a focusing concave mirror and an additional plane mirror that is needed to change the grating subtended angle to keep the system in focus on a fixed slit. The parameters of the focusing mirror are determined to introduce a coma that compensates for the coma given by the grating. A monochromator for the 12-50 eV region is designed for application to high-order laser harmonics.
Collapse
|
3
|
Poletto L, Frassetto F, Brenner G, Kuhlmann M, Plönjes E. Double-grating monochromatic beamline with ultrafast response for FLASH2 at DESY. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:131-137. [PMID: 29271762 PMCID: PMC5741129 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517013777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The preliminary design of a monochromatic beamline for FLASH2 at DESY is presented. The monochromator is tunable in the 50-1000 eV energy range with resolving power higher than 1000 and temporal response below 50 fs over the whole energy range. A time-delay-compensated configuration using the variable-line-spacing monochromator design with two gratings is adopted: the first grating disperses the radiation on its output plane, where the intermediate slit performs the spectral selection; the second grating compensates for the pulse-front tilt and for the spectral dispersion due to diffraction from the first grating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Poletto
- National Research Council – Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Via Trasea 7, Padova 35136, Italy
| | - Fabio Frassetto
- National Research Council – Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Via Trasea 7, Padova 35136, Italy
| | - Günter Brenner
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron – DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22603, Germany
| | - Marion Kuhlmann
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron – DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22603, Germany
| | - Elke Plönjes
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron – DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22603, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Charalambidis D, Chikán V, Cormier E, Dombi P, Fülöp JA, Janáky C, Kahaly S, Kalashnikov M, Kamperidis C, Kühn S, Lepine F, L’Huillier A, Lopez-Martens R, Mondal S, Osvay K, Óvári L, Rudawski P, Sansone G, Tzallas P, Várallyay Z, Varjú K. The Extreme Light Infrastructure—Attosecond Light Pulse Source (ELI-ALPS) Project. SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64840-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
5
|
Xiong G, Yang G, Zhang J, Wei M, Zhao Y, Qing B, Lv M, Yang Z, Wang F, Liu S, Cai H, Liu J. Extreme ultraviolet spectrometer for the Shenguang III laser facility. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:5339-5345. [PMID: 26192833 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.005339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An extreme ultraviolet spectrometer has been developed for high-energy density physics experiments at the Shenguang-III (SG-III) laser facility. Alternative use of two different varied-line-spacing gratings covers a wavelength range of 10-260 Å. A newly developed x-ray framing camera with single wide strip line is designed to record time-gated spectra with ~70 ps temporal resolution and 20 lp/mm spatial resolution. The width of the strip line is up to 20 mm, enhancing the capability of the spatial resolving measurements. All components of the x-ray framing camera are roomed in an aluminum air box. The whole spectrometer is mounted on a diagnostic instrument manipulator at the SG-III laser facility for the first time. A new alignment method for the spectrometer based on the superimposition of two laser focal spots is developed. The approaches of the alignment including offline and online two steps are described. A carbon spectrum and an aluminum spectrum have been successfully recorded by the spectrometer using 2400 l/mm and 1200 l/mm gratings, respectively. The experimental spectral lines show that the spectral resolution of the spectrometer is about 0.2 Å and 1 Å for the 2400 l/mm and 1200 l/mm gratings, respectively. A theoretical calculation was carried out to estimate the maximum resolving power of the spectrometer.
Collapse
|
6
|
Grating Configurations for the Spectral Selection of Coherent Ultrashort Pulses in the Extreme-Ultraviolet. PHOTONICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics1040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
7
|
Kumar M, Modi MH, Singhal H, Sendhil Raja S, Chakera JA, Gupta RK, Naik PA, Lodha GS, Gupta PD. Restoration of absolute diffraction efficiency and blaze angle of carbon contaminated gratings by ultraviolet cleaning. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:1725-1730. [PMID: 23478778 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.001725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An UV cleaning technique has been used for the removal of carbon contamination from grating surface, using oxygen free-radicals generated by the absorption of UV radiation (172 nm) in atmospheric oxygen. The extent of restoration of absolute diffraction efficiency (ADE) and grating blaze angle of a carbon-contaminated variable line-spaced concave grating (average line spacing of 1200 lines/mm, blaze angle 3.2 deg, and blaze wavelength 10 nm) has been studied over a 5-70 nm wavelength range. The contamination (due to prolonged use in extreme-ultraviolet spectrograph) resulted in a drastic reduction in the diffraction efficiency of grating, along with a change in the blaze angle. The UV cleaning led to the restoration of blaze angle as well as to an increase in the ADE by more than an order of magnitude for the first two diffraction orders (i.e., from ~0.2 to ~7.2%) for the first diffraction order and 0.1 to ~5% for the second diffraction order at the blaze wavelength. The study is useful for the restoration of carbon-contaminated costly optics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Kumar
- Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poletto L, Frassetto F. Time-preserving grating monochromators for ultrafast extreme-ultraviolet pulses. APPLIED OPTICS 2010; 49:5465-73. [PMID: 20885484 DOI: 10.1364/ao.49.005465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the time response of single-grating monochromators for application to extreme-ultraviolet ultrashort pulses. It is shown that time-preserving monochromators can be realized in a single-grating configuration if the number of illuminated grooves is the minimum for a given resolution and the grating time response is close to the Fourier limit for such a resolution. Two different grating configurations are compared: the classical diffraction mount (CDM) and the off-plane mount (OPM). We shown that the CDM is preferred for single-grating monochromators with relatively long time responses, i.e., 100-200 fs, while the OPM is suitable for ultrashort time responses in the 10-50 fs range to realize femtosecond time-preserving monochromators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Poletto
- National Research Council-Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Laboratory for UV and X-Ray Optical Research, Padova, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sansone G, Vozzi C, Stagira S, Pascolini M, Poletto L, Villoresi P, Tondello G, De Silvestri S, Nisoli M. Observation of carrier-envelope phase phenomena in the multi-optical-cycle regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:113904. [PMID: 15089138 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2003] [Revised: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
So far the role of the carrier-envelope phase of a light pulse has been clearly experimentally evidenced only in the sub-6-fs temporal regime. Here we show, both experimentally and theoretically, the influence of the carrier-envelope phase of a multi-optical-cycle light pulse on high-order harmonic generation. For the first time, we demonstrate that the short and long electron quantum paths contributing to harmonic generation are influenced in a different way by the pulse carrier-envelope phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Sansone
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science--INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Villoresi P, Bonora S, Pascolini M, Poletto L, Tondello G, Vozzi C, Nisoli M, Sansone G, Stagira S, De Silvestri S. Optimization of high-order harmonic generation by adaptive control of a sub-10-fs pulse wave front. OPTICS LETTERS 2004; 29:207-9. [PMID: 14744012 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for the optimization of high-order harmonic generation based on wave-front correction of the driving laser beam. The technique exploits wave-front adaptive control by means of a deformable mirror, governed by an optimization procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Villoresi
- Laboratory for Ultraviolet and X-Ray Optical Research, Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|