1
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Zhao H, Cheng C, Guo Q, Ma R, Yang Y. Analysis of Phase Mismatch for Mercurous Bromide-Based Non-Collinear AOTF Design in Spectral Imaging Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1703. [PMID: 38612215 PMCID: PMC11012605 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The spectral and spatial characteristics of Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters (AOTFs), such as a tuning curve, spectral resolution, angular aperture, and diffraction efficiency, are determined by the device's acousto-optic crystal configuration and piezoelectric transducer. For high-throughput spectral imaging applications, it is essential to enlarge the spectral bandwidth and angular aperture during the design phase of AOTFs. Thus, phase mismatch due to incident angle or wavelength was studied analytically using phase diagrams in this paper. Additionally, a performance parameter analysis model was established based on the use of mercurous bromide crystals for large angular aperture AOTF device design, and the impact of crystal and transducer design parameters on the spectral bandwidth and angular aperture was evaluated. This also experimentally validates the diffraction capability of AOTFs made from mercurous bromide crystal, which possess a broad spectral transmission ability ranging from visible to long-wave infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhao
- School of Instrumentation and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (R.M.)
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Aerospace Optical-Microwave Integrated Precision Intelligent Sensing, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Qingdao Research Institute of Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Chi Cheng
- School of Instrumentation and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (R.M.)
- Qingdao Research Institute of Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Instrumentation and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (R.M.)
- Aerospace Optical-Microwave Integrated Precision Intelligent Sensing, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Qingdao Research Institute of Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Rui Ma
- School of Instrumentation and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (R.M.)
- Qingdao Research Institute of Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Yutian Yang
- School of Instrumentation and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (R.M.)
- Qingdao Research Institute of Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
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2
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Zhang H, Zhao H. Accurate design of a TeO 2 noncollinear acousto-optic tunable filter with refractive index correction. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3395-3398. [PMID: 37390139 DOI: 10.1364/ol.489706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The refractive index is a key factor in the design and analysis of noncollinear acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) devices. While previous studies have corrected and analyzed the effects of anisotropic birefringence and the rotatory property, they still rely on paraxial and elliptical approximations, which can introduce non-negligible errors (0.5° or more) into the geometric parameters of TeO2 noncollinear AOTF devices. In this paper, we address these approximations and their effects through refractive index correction. This fundamental theoretical research has significant implications for the design and application of noncollinear AOTF devices.
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3
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Zhang H, Zhao H, Guo Q, Xu D, Teng W. Polarization-Multiplexed High-Throughput AOTF-Based Spectral Imaging System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4243. [PMID: 37374427 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Spectral imaging detection using acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTFs) faces a significant challenge of low throughput due to the traditional design that only receives a single polarization light. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel polarization multiplexing design and eliminate the need for crossed polarizers in the system. Our design allows for simultaneous collection of ±1 order light from the AOTF device, resulting in a more than two-fold increase in system throughput. Our analysis and experimental results validate the effectiveness of our design in improving system throughput and enhancing the imaging signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by approximately 8 dB. In addition, AOTF devices used in polarization multiplexing applications require optimized crystal geometry parameter design that does not follow the parallel tangent principle. This paper proposes an optimization strategy for arbitrary AOTF devices which can achieve similar spectral effects. The implications of this work are significant for target detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Aerospace Optical-Microwave Integrated Precision Intelligent Sensing, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huijie Zhao
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Aerospace Optical-Microwave Integrated Precision Intelligent Sensing, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Aerospace Optical-Microwave Integrated Precision Intelligent Sensing, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dong Xu
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Aerospace Optical-Microwave Integrated Precision Intelligent Sensing, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenjie Teng
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Aerospace Optical-Microwave Integrated Precision Intelligent Sensing, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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4
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Mantsevich SN, Kostyleva EI. Examination of an acoustic field longitudinal power distribution in quasicollinear acousto-optic cells. ULTRASONICS 2023; 128:106875. [PMID: 36306633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The quasicollinear geometry of acousto-optic (AO) diffraction is notable as makes it possible to achieve an extremely high AO interaction length and, consequently, an anomalously high spectral resolution for AO devices. This geometry is especially convenient for the implementation of multifrequency AO diffraction, which has found wide application for solving the problems related to the laser pulse shaping. Since acoustic beams propagate over long distances in quasicollinear AO devices, and optical radiation spectral components diffract in the acoustic field in different parts of the AO crystal, accurate calculation of the characteristics of such devices requires knowing the distribution of the acoustic field amplitude inside the AO cell. The acoustic beam structure is affected by several factors in quasicollinear AO cells: the dimensions of the piezoelectric transducer, the geometry of acoustic wave propagation in the AO cell, acoustic anisotropy and the acoustic energy absorption along the chosen direction in the crystalline material used. In this paper, we propose a generic method to measure the acoustic beam power distribution along the direction of its propagation in the quasicollinear AO cell in the presence of ultrasound power absorption and media acoustic absorption. The measurements were carried out for the ultrasound frequency range from 72 to 176 MHz, for the case when the wave vector of the acoustic beam is directed at an angle of 1.58∘ to the [110] axis in the (11¯0) plane of the paratellurite crystal. The ultrasound attenuation coefficients were obtained for frequency interval between 87 and 176 MHz and their linear dependence on ultrasound frequency was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Mantsevich
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia; Space Research Institute (IKI), 84/32 Profsoyuznaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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5
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Chanover NJ, Uckert K, Voelz DG, Boston P. The Development and Demonstration of the Portable Acousto-Optic Spectrometer for Astrobiology in Cave Environments. EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 10:e2022EA002370. [PMID: 37033405 PMCID: PMC10078596 DOI: 10.1029/2022ea002370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Planetary caves are desirable environments for the search for biosignatures corresponding to extant or extinct extraterrestrial life due to the protection they offer from surface-level solar radiation and ionizing particles. Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy is one of a multitude of techniques that, when taken together, can provide a comprehensive understanding of the geomicrobiology in planetary subsurface regions. To that end, we developed two portable NIR spectrometers that employ acousto-optic tunable filters and demonstrated them in three geochemically distinct cave environments. The instruments were deployed both as stand-alone spectrometers positioned against the targets manually and as a component of an instrument payload mounted on a quadruped robot capable of vertical excursions of several meters. In situ measurements of calcium carbonates, sulfates, metal oxides, and microbial colonies and mats revealed spectral signatures that enable a distinction between the targets of interest and the underlying substrates. The ruggedness and portability of the instruments, and their low size, weight, and power, spectral agility, and active illumination make AOTF-based spectrometers ideally suited for studies of planetary caves.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Chanover
- Astronomy DepartmentNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNMUSA
| | - K. Uckert
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - D. G. Voelz
- Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNMUSA
| | - P. Boston
- NASA Ames Research CenterMoffett FieldCAUSA
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6
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Nikitin PA, Gerasimov VV, Khasanov IS. Acousto-Optic Modulation and Deflection of Terahertz Radiation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8836. [PMID: 36556643 PMCID: PMC9781721 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is known that one of the ways to increase the energy efficiency of acousto-optic devices is to use ultrasound beams with a higher power density. It has been established experimentally that the use of a partially electroded ultrasonic transducer significantlyincreases the energy efficiency of the acousto-optic modulator of terahertz radiation. In addition, the operation of an acousto-optic deflector of terahertz radiation with the use of a sectioned ultrasound transducer was theoretically investigated. It showed that a deflector of this kind enables one to achieve higher angular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasily Valerievich Gerasimov
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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7
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Gao D, Li T. Zoom optical system design for acousto-optic tunable filter camera assisted by programming multidimensional analysis. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:5592-5598. [PMID: 36255786 DOI: 10.1364/ao.461525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A medium infrared 12× continuous zoom optical system serving for an acousto-optic tunable filter spectral camera has been designed covering a 25-300 mm zooming range. Instead of relying on past experience for roughly determining the initial optical structure, a simulation programming based on Gaussian principle has been composed via MATLAB to accurately calculate the initial designing parameters, which is confirmed to be extremely close to the optimized results using Zemax. The relative design results have been multidimensionally analyzed in detail, which offers fresh thinking for future zoom optical design covering broadband operation wave band.
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8
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Design Study of Broadband and Ultrahigh-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer Using Snapshot Multimode Interference in Fiber Bundles. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Imaging spectrometry plays a significant role in various scientific realms. Although imaging spectrometers based on different schemes have been proposed, the pursuit of compact and high-performance devices is still ongoing. A compact broadband and ultrahigh-resolution imaging spectrometer (CBURIS) is presented, which comprises a microlens array, multiple fiber bundles, a microscope, and a two-dimensional detector array. The principle of the device is to spatially sample and integrate the field information via the front microlens array and then further process with the fiber bundles and imaging system based on the multimode interference theory. From both the theoretical and numerical analysis, this CBURIS design is a superior concept that not only achieves a 0.17° spatial resolution and ultrahigh spectral resolution (resolving power exceeds 2.58 × 106 at 1.55 µm) from the visible to mid-infrared region but also has the advantages of snapshot measurement, thermal stability, and a compact footprint compared with most existing imaging spectrometers.
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9
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Ji Z, He Z, Gui Y, Li J, Tan Y, Wu B, Xu R, Wang J. Research and Application Validation of a Feature Wavelength Selection Method Based on Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter (AOTF) and Automatic Machine Learning (AutoML). MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082826. [PMID: 35454520 PMCID: PMC9030996 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy has been widely applied in various fields such as food analysis and agricultural testing. However, the conventional method of scanning the full spectrum of the sample and then invoking the model to analyze and predict results has a large amount of collected data, redundant information, slow acquisition speed, and high model complexity. This paper proposes a feature wavelength selection approach based on acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF) spectroscopy and automatic machine learning (AutoML). Based on the programmable selection of sub nm center wavelengths achieved by the AOTF, it is capable of rapid acquisition of combinations of feature wavelengths of samples selected using AutoML algorithms, enabling the rapid output of target substance detection results in the field. The experimental setup was designed and application validation experiments were carried out to verify that the method could significantly reduce the number of NIR sampling points, increase the sampling speed, and improve the accuracy and predictability of NIR data models while simplifying the modelling process and broadening the application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpeng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (Y.T.); (B.W.); (R.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiping He
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (Y.T.); (B.W.); (R.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-021-2505-1697 (Z.H.); +86-139-1661-4280 (J.W.)
| | - Yuhua Gui
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (Y.T.); (B.W.); (R.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinning Li
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (Y.T.); (B.W.); (R.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongjian Tan
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (Y.T.); (B.W.); (R.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (Y.T.); (B.W.); (R.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (Y.T.); (B.W.); (R.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (Y.T.); (B.W.); (R.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-021-2505-1697 (Z.H.); +86-139-1661-4280 (J.W.)
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10
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Royer C, Pilorget C, Hamm V, Bibring JP, Poulet F. A new concept of acousto-optic tunable filter-based near-infrared hyperspectral imager for planetary surface exploration. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:044501. [PMID: 35489938 DOI: 10.1063/5.0075256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging instruments have revolutionized our conception of planetary surfaces in terms of evolution, geology, mineralogy, and alteration processes. The cornerstone of this remote analysis technique is the synergy between imagery, giving the geomorphological context of the observations, and NIR spectroscopy whose spectral range is sensitive to the main absorption features of most of the minerals present on planetary surfaces. The development of a generation of space instrument based on Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters (AOTFs) increases the capacity of these spectrometers to be set up in a variety of space probes. The ExoCam concept, developed at Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale and profiting from the lab's previous experience (MicrOmega onboard Phobos-Grunt, Hayabusa 2 and ExoMars), thus, proposes for the first time to do hyperspectral imagery through a wide aperture AOTF (15 × 15 mm2) in the 0.95-3.6 µm spectral range. The characterization of this instrumental concept, led on a representative breadboard built for this purpose, showed that the acousto-optic diffraction preserves the image quality up to the diffraction/resolution limit over the whole field of view. The spectral resolution (from 2 to 25 nm over the spectral range) and accuracy of the instrument are also consistent with the identification of planetary surface minerals. This paper describes the ExoCam concept and objectives, the setup of an optical breadboard representative of a space instrument based on this concept, and the results of performance characterizations realized on the breadboard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Royer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C Pilorget
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Hamm
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J-P Bibring
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Poulet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
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11
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Gorevoy A, Machikhin A, Martynov G, Pozhar V. Computational technique for field-of-view expansion in AOTF-based imagers. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:585-588. [PMID: 35103682 DOI: 10.1364/ol.438374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A rather narrow field of view (FOV) has always been considered as an essential limitation of spectral imagers based on acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTFs). We demonstrate a computational technique to overcome this constraint. It is based on preliminary precise spectral-angular characterization of beam transformation caused by light diffraction on an acoustic wave and consequent correction of acquired stack of spectral images. This technique is applicable for any geometry of acousto-optic interaction and opens the way for the development of AOTFs with significantly expanded FOV.
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12
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Yushkov KB. Noncritical acousto-optic Bragg phase matching: analysis of orthorhombic and monoclinic crystal systems. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:7113-7121. [PMID: 34612996 DOI: 10.1364/ao.427199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic acousto-optic diffraction in crystals is the fundamental phenomenon that is used to design acousto-optic tunable filters. Noncritical and quasicollinear phase-matching geometries of Bragg acousto-optic diffraction are compared for acoustic symmetry planes in four crystal systems (tetragonal, trigonal, orthorhombic, and monoclinic). The results for uniaxial crystals are reviewed and generalized for biaxial crystals. It is shown that cubic frequency dependence on the Bragg angle exists in two symmetry planes of orthorhombic crystals and conditionally exists in the symmetry plane of monoclinic crystals. It is also shown that there are two points in the symmetry plane of monoclinic crystals where noncritical phase matching takes place in quasicollinear diffraction geometry that can be used to design high-resolution tunable filters. Phase-matching configurations in α-iodic acid and potassium gadolinium tungstate crystals are analyzed.
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13
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Li J, Gui Y, Xu R, Zhang Z, Liu W, Lv G, Wang M, Li C, He Z. Applications of AOTF Spectrometers in In Situ Lunar Measurements. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3454. [PMID: 34206300 PMCID: PMC8269476 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spectrometers based on acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) have several advantages, such as stable temperature adaptability, no moving parts, and wavelength selection through electrical modulation, compared with the traditional grating and Fourier transform spectrometers. Therefore, AOTF spectrometers can realize stable in situ measurement on the lunar surface under wide temperature ranges and low light environments. AOTF imaging spectrometers were first employed for in situ measurement of the lunar surface in the Chinese Chang'e project. The visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer and the lunar mineralogical spectrometer have been successfully deployed on board the Chang'e-3/4 and Chang'e-5 missions. In this review, we investigate the performance indicators, structural design, selected AOTF performance parameters, data acquisition of the three lunar in situ spectral instruments used in the Chang'e missions. In addition, we also show the scientific achievement of lunar technology based on in situ spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinning Li
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.X.); (G.L.); (M.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhua Gui
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.X.); (G.L.); (M.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.X.); (G.L.); (M.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zehong Zhang
- No.26 Research Institutes of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Chongqing 400060, China; (Z.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Liu
- No.26 Research Institutes of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Chongqing 400060, China; (Z.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Gang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.X.); (G.L.); (M.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meizhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.X.); (G.L.); (M.W.)
| | - Chunlai Li
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.X.); (G.L.); (M.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiping He
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.X.); (G.L.); (M.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Yachmenev A, Campargue A, Yurchenko SN, Küpper J, Tennyson J. Electric quadrupole transitions in carbon dioxide. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:211104. [PMID: 34240963 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in high sensitivity spectroscopy have made it possible, in combination with accurate theoretical predictions, to observe, for the first time, very weak electric quadrupole transitions in a polar polyatomic molecule of water. Here, we present accurate theoretical predictions of the complete quadrupole rovibrational spectrum of a non-polar molecule CO2, important in atmospheric and astrophysical applications. Our predictions are validated by recent cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy measurements and are used to assign few weak features in the recent ExoMars Atmospheric Chemistry Suite mid-infrared spectroscopic observations of the Martian atmosphere. Predicted quadrupole transitions appear in some of the mid-infrared CO2 and water vapor transparency regions, making them important for detection and characterization of the minor absorbers in water- and CO2-rich environments, such as those present in the atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yachmenev
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sergei N Yurchenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Tennyson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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15
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Batshev V, Machikhin A, Gorevoy A, Martynov G, Khokhlov D, Boritko S, Pozhar V, Lomonov V. Spectral Imaging Experiments with Various Optical Schemes Based on the Same AOTF. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112984. [PMID: 34072970 PMCID: PMC8198286 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spectral image filtration by means of acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTFs) has multiple applications. For its implementation, a few different optical schemes are in use. They differ in image quality, number of coupling components, dimensions and alignment complexity. To choose the optical system of AOTF-based spectral imager properly, many factors have to be considered. Though various schemes of acousto-optic (AO) filtration have been tested and discussed, their comparative analysis has not been reported up to now. In this study, we assembled the four most popular schemes (confocal, collimating, tandem and double-path) using the same AO cells and experimentally compared their main features. Depending on the application, each scheme may be the basis of compact cost-effective spectral imaging devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Batshev
- Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova Str. 15, 117342 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (V.P.)
- Laser and Optical-Electronic Systems Department, Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University), 2-nd Baumanskaya Str. 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Machikhin
- Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova Str. 15, 117342 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Information Technologies and Computer Science, Moscow Power Engineering University (National Research University), Krasnokazarmennaya 14, 111250 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexey Gorevoy
- Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova Str. 15, 117342 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Grigoriy Martynov
- Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova Str. 15, 117342 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Demid Khokhlov
- Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova Str. 15, 117342 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Information Technologies and Computer Science, Moscow Power Engineering University (National Research University), Krasnokazarmennaya 14, 111250 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Boritko
- Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova Str. 15, 117342 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (V.P.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, 141701 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitold Pozhar
- Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova Str. 15, 117342 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (V.P.)
- Laser and Optical-Electronic Systems Department, Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University), 2-nd Baumanskaya Str. 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Lomonov
- Federal Scientific Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
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16
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Kozlovskaya KA, Kulikov AG, Novikov D, Ovchinnikova EN, Ustyugov AM, Dmitrienko VE. Handling of Multiple‐Wave Effects in the Measurement of Forbidden X‐Ray Reflections in TeO
2. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia A. Kozlovskaya
- Faculty of Physics M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Anton G. Kulikov
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 59 Moscow 119333 Russia
| | - Dmitri Novikov
- German Electron Synchrotron DESY Notkestraße 85 Hamburg 22607 Germany
| | - Elena N. Ovchinnikova
- Faculty of Physics M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Alexey M. Ustyugov
- Faculty of Physics M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Vladimir E. Dmitrienko
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 59 Moscow 119333 Russia
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17
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Mantsevich SN, Yushkov KB. Optimization of piezotransducer dimensions for quasicollinear paratellurite AOTF. ULTRASONICS 2021; 112:106335. [PMID: 33395592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The method of quasicollinear acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) piezoelectric transducer dimensions optimization is presented. The AOTFs with large interaction length apply the bulk acoustic wave (BAW) reflection from the input optical facet. Optimization is based on spectral approach to simulation of the BAW field in anisotropic media and Raman-Nath equations numerically solved for the inhomogeneous acoustic field. It was found that variation of the transducer dimensions can minimize RF power consumption of the AOTF. Comparison of the optimized transducer dimensions with those commonly used in quasicollinear paratellurite AOTFs showed that it is possible to improve the AOTF energy efficiency in about 2 times. It was shown that acoustic field simulation results obtained for one AOTF geometry can be applied to the other geometries but for equivalent frequency providing the same ultrasound beam ray spectrum width. It was also shown that when choosing the quasicollinear AOTF with reflection geometry, one should not rely only on the AO figure of merit value, since the energy efficiency of such AOTF type will be determined by the product of the AO figure of merit and the AOTF efficiency, which takes into account the change in the acoustic beam width in the reflection process. The results aim at improving the design of AOTFs for ultrashort laser pulse shaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Mantsevich
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Konstantin B Yushkov
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 4 Leninsky prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russia.
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18
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Dyakonov E, Porokhovnichenko D, Ryu J, Balakshy V. Implementation of the wide-angle acousto-optical interaction geometry in a mercury bromide single crystal. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:2348-2353. [PMID: 33690334 DOI: 10.1364/ao.417401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A number of acousto-optic figures of merit and elasto-optic constants of a mercury bromide (Hg2Br2) crystal were measured. The key characteristics of the wide-angular acousto-optic tunable filter based on a Hg2Br2 crystal in the (11¯0) plane were calculated from the measurements carried out and previously known data. It is demonstrated that the crystal makes it possible to create effective devices operating in the 5-25 µm wavelength range. In addition, we proposed the design of a filter operating in the long-wavelength infrared range of 8-12 µm, providing spectral resolution up to R=300 and a field of view outside the crystal up to 10°. Its diffraction efficiency can reach up to 2% per 1 W of continuous driving power.
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19
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Shi X, Chen C, Liu S, Li G. Nonvolatile, Reconfigurable and Narrowband Mid-Infrared Filter Based on Surface Lattice Resonance in Phase-Change Ge 2Sb 2Te 5. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2530. [PMID: 33339400 PMCID: PMC7766875 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We propose a nonvolatile, reconfigurable, and narrowband mid-infrared bandpass filter based on surface lattice resonance in phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5. The proposed filter is composed of a two-dimensional gold nanorod array embedded in a thick Ge2Sb2Te5 film. Results show that when Ge2Sb2Te5 transits from the amorphous state to the crystalline state, the narrowband reflection spectrum of the proposed filter is tuned from 3.197 μm to 4.795 μm, covering the majority of the mid-infrared regime, the peak reflectance decreases from 72.6% to 25.8%, and the corresponding quality factor decreases from 19.6 to 10.3. We show that the spectral tuning range can be adjusted by varying the incidence angle or the lattice period. By properly designing the gold nanorod sizes, we also show that the quality factor can be greatly increased to 70 at the cost of relatively smaller peak reflection efficiencies, and that the peak reflection efficiency can be further increased to 80% at the cost of relatively smaller quality factors. We expect that this work will advance the engineering of Ge2Sb2Te5-based nonvalatile tunable surface lattice resonances and will promote their applications especially in reconfigurable narrowband filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhe Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.); (C.C.); (S.L.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Changshui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.); (C.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Songhao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.); (C.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Guangyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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20
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Yushkov KB, Chizhikov AI, Makarov OY, Molchanov VY. Optimization of noncollinear AOTF design for laser beam shaping. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:8575-8581. [PMID: 33104536 DOI: 10.1364/ao.398626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of a wide-angle paratellurite acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is performed for applications in laser beam shaping systems. The AOTF configuration with annular transfer function is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the optimal AOTF design for single-frequency operation as a narrow-band spatial frequency filter is obtained at acoustic propagation angle of 5.6° relative to the [110] axis. The optimal design for maximization of AOTF resolution in multifrequency laser beam shaping operation mode is obtained at acoustic propagation angle of 13.8°.
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21
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Polarizer-Free AOTF-Based SWIR Hyperspectral Imaging for Biomedical Applications. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20164439. [PMID: 32784512 PMCID: PMC7472359 DOI: 10.3390/s20164439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical biomedical imaging in short wave infrared (SWIR) range within 0.9–1.7 μm is a rapidly developing technique. For this reason, there is an increasing interest in cost-effective and robust hardware for hyperspectral imaging data acquisition in this range. Tunable-filter-based solutions are of particular interest as they provide image processing flexibility and effectiveness in terms of collected data volume. Acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTFs) provide a unique set of features necessary for high-quality SWIR hyperspectral imaging. In this paper, we discuss a polarizer-free configuration of an imaging AOTF that provides a compact and easy-to-integrate design of the whole imager. We have carried out image quality analysis of this system, assembled it and validated its efficiency through multiple experiments. The developed system can be helpful in many hyperspectral applications including biomedical analyses.
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22
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Taylor BJ, Bourassa AE, Bradley MP. Charged particle radiation induced changes to optical properties of acousto-optic materials. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:3706-3713. [PMID: 32400496 DOI: 10.1364/ao.387947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the measurement of the transmittance and reflectance of unpolarized light (425-700 nm) in three birefringent, acousto-optic materials, including quartz, lithium niobate, and tellurium dioxide, after exposure to varying fluences of proton radiation ($ {10^{14}} {-} {10^{18}}\;{\rm protons}/{{\rm cm}^2} $1014-1018protons/cm2) delivered by a 10 keV hydrogen ion beamline. We observe a general monotonic decrease in transmittance with increasing fluence for all three materials, but with varying rates of change and critical points of change. Reflectance measurements also exhibit a general monotonic trend with fluence, but increases in quartz are observed versus decreases in both lithium niobate and tellurium dioxide. These observations are used to assess the suitability of the materials for acousto-optic applications in the space environment where charged particles from the solar wind are dominant and pose a threat to device operation. Our measurements agree with previously reported work concluding that tellurium dioxide is suitable for space applications at low fluences (below $ {{10}^{16}}\;{\rm ions}/{{\rm cm}^2} $1016ions/cm2), but our findings also raise previously unreported concerns for higher accumulated fluences observed for longer mission lifetimes of greater than five to 10 years in space in an unshielded configuration.
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23
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He Z, Li J, Li C, Xu R. Measurement and Correction Model for Temperature Dependence of an Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter (AOTF) Infrared Spectrometer for Lunar Surface Detection. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:81-87. [PMID: 31617383 DOI: 10.1177/0003702819881786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The photoelectric response characteristics of an infrared spectrometer based on an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) are greatly affected by the temperature change of the radio frequency power amplifier and shortwave infrared detector. If calibration is not conducted, that will affect the quantitative level of the data. This paper puts forward a measurement and correction method for the temperature characteristics of an AOTF infrared spectrometer which is used in lunar surface detection and sets up a temperature characteristics correction model. This model was applied to an AOTF infrared spectrometer mounted on China's unmanned lunar rover. Laboratory tests show that the temperature causes an instrument variation of ∼20% when the temperature is between -20 ℃ and + 55 ℃, but this model reduces this variation to < 6%. Evaluating data from the lunar surface also verifies the effectiveness of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping He
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinning Li
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlai Li
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Yushkov KB, Makarov OY, Molchanov VY. Novel protocol of hyperspectral data acquisition by means of an acousto-optical tunable filter with synthesized transmission function. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1500-1503. [PMID: 30874686 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new protocol of hyperspectral data acquisition with an acousto-optical tunable filter is proposed and tested experimentally. Correction for the illumination source spectrum and regular spectral sensitivity factors is embedded in the data acquisition routine. The protocol is based on the adaptive electronic setting of the filter transmission passband inversely proportional to the power spectrum of the light source. Spectral equalization of the light source spectrum in a hyperspectral imaging spectrometer is demonstrated with 3% standard deviation over the bandwidth 465-820 nm. The broadening of the point-spread function does not exceed 20% at fourfold bandwidth extension owing to a confocal configuration of the spectrometer.
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25
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Yang Q. Three-area-array coherent-dispersion stereo-imaging spectrometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1025-1044. [PMID: 30696175 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A coherent-dispersion stereo-imaging spectrometer is presented, which combines three-view stereo imaging, interferometric spectroscopy and dispersive spectroscopy. Three area-array detectors record three spectral images of each scene unit from three views. For each of the three views, each scene unit is imaged on a given column of one area-array detector, and different wavelengths are dispersed across different rows of that column. For each scene unit, multiple interferograms are simultaneously generated at each view, each interferogram covering a separate wavelength range and located in a separate pixel. The orthographic view image is used to create a two-dimensional orthophoto image. The front view and back view images are used to reconstruct the three-dimensional stereoscopic image. Preliminary theoretical calculations are given. The instrument is a unique concept to obtain three-dimensional spatial information and one-dimensional spectral information while achieving high spectral resolution measurement of an ultraviolet-visible broadband spectral range (e.g., 0.05 nm at 450 nm together with 0.1 nm at 700 nm). It will be suitable for ultraviolet-visible hyperspectral remote sensing.
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26
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Yang Q. Broadband high-spectral-resolution ultraviolet-visible coherent-dispersion imaging spectrometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:20777-20791. [PMID: 30119383 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.020777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A coherent-dispersion imaging spectrometer combining imaging, interferometric spectroscopy and dispersive spectroscopy is presented, which is a unique concept to greatly reduce the multiplex disadvantage of existing ultraviolet-visible multiplexed spectroscopy while achieving imaging combined with high spectral resolution (e.g., 0.01 nm at 220 nm together with 0.1 nm at 700 nm, or higher) for a broadband spectral range. Each unit of the entrance slit is imaged on a given column of a detector, and different wavelengths are dispersed across different rows of that column. For each slit unit, multiple interferograms are generated simultaneously in one scan period, each interferogram with a separate wavelength range and located in a separate pixel of the detector. The expressions for the coherent-dispersion imaging are given, the preliminary design calculations are illustrated by an example, and the numerical simulations for the interferogram and spectrum are shown. This design will be suitable for broadband high-spectral-resolution ultraviolet-visible spectral imaging.
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