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Geldof F, Dashtbozorg B, Hendriks BHW, Sterenborg HJCM, Ruers TJM. Layer thickness prediction and tissue classification in two-layered tissue structures using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1698. [PMID: 35105926 PMCID: PMC8807816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During oncological surgery, it can be challenging to identify the tumor and establish adequate resection margins. This study proposes a new two-layer approach in which diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is used to predict the top layer thickness and classify the layers in two-layered phantom and animal tissue. Using wavelet-based and peak-based DRS spectral features, the proposed method could predict the top layer thickness with an accuracy of up to 0.35 mm. In addition, the tissue types of the first and second layers were classified with an accuracy of 0.95 and 0.99. Distinguishing multiple tissue layers during spectral analyses results in a better understanding of more complex tissue structures encountered in surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freija Geldof
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Behdad Dashtbozorg
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H W Hendriks
- Department of IGT and US Devices & Systems, Philips Research Laboratories, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, 3mE, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J M Ruers
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Chen X, Lin W, Wang C, Chen S, Sheng J, Zeng B, Xu M. In vivo real-time imaging of cutaneous hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, scattering properties, melanin content, and epidermal thickness with visible spatially modulated light. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5468-5482. [PMID: 29296481 PMCID: PMC5745096 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the real-time single snapshot multiple frequency demodulation - spatial frequency domain imaging (SSMD-SFDI) platform implemented with a visible digital mirror device that is capable of imaging and monitoring dynamic turbid medium and processes over a large field of view. One challenge in quantitative imaging of biological tissue such as the skin is the complex structure rendering techniques based on homogeneous medium models to fail. To address this difficulty we have also developed a novel method that maps the layered structure to a homogeneous medium for spatial frequency domain imaging. The varying penetration depth of spatially modulated light on its wavelength and modulation frequency is used to resolve the layered structure. The efficacy of the real-time SSMD-SFDI platform and this two-layer model is demonstrated by imaging forearms of 6 healthy subjects under the reactive hyperemia protocol. The results show that our approach not only successfully decouples light absorption by melanin from that by hemoglobin and yields accurate determination of cutaneous hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation, but also provides reliable estimation of the scattering properties, the melanin content and the epidermal thickness in real time. Potential applications of our system in imaging skin physiological and functional states, cancer screening, and microcirculation monitoring are discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Weihao Lin
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Chenge Wang
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shaoheng Chen
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jing Sheng
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Bixin Zeng
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - M. Xu
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Dept. of Physics, Fairfield University, 1073 North Road, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA
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