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Muhammad M, Shao CS, Bashir MA, Yu X, Wu Y, Zhan J, Zhang L, Huang Q. Application of Aptamer-SERS Nanotags for Unveiling the PD-L1 Immunomarker Progression Correlated to the Cell Metabolic Bioprocess. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6236-6244. [PMID: 38446717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the expression and progression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as an immunomarker in the context of a cell metabolic environment has gained significant attention in cancer research. However, intercellular bioprocesses that control the dynamics of PD-L1 have been largely unexplored. This study aimed to explore the cell metabolic states and conditions that govern dynamic variations of PD-L1 within the cell metabolic environment using an aptamer-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) approach. The aptamer-SERS technique offers a sensitive, rapid, and powerful analytical tool for targeted and nondestructive detection of an immunomarker with high sensitivity and specificity. By combining aptamer-SERS with cell state profiling, we investigated the modulation in PD-L1 expression under different metabolic states, including glucose deprivation, metabolic coenzyme activity, and altered time/concentration-based cytokine availability. The most intriguing features in our findings include the cell-specific responses, cell differentiation by revealing distinct patterns, and dynamics of PD-L1 in different cell lines. Additionally, the time-dependent variations in PD-L1 expression, coupled with the dose-dependent relationship between glucose concentration and PD-L1 levels, underscore the complex interplay between immune checkpoint regulation and cellular metabolism. Therefore, this work demonstrates the advantages of using highly-sensitive and specific aptamer-SERS nanotags for investigating the immune checkpoint dynamics and related metabolic bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muhammad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Mona Alrasheed Bashir
- CAS Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xin Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yahui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Leisheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University), Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Jin Y, Deng Z, Zhu T. Membrane protein trafficking in the anti-tumor immune response: work of endosomal-lysosomal system. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:413. [PMID: 36528587 PMCID: PMC9759898 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape for multiple cancer types. In the recent decade, great progress has been made in immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell therapy, and cancer vaccines. ICIs work by reversing tumor-induced immunosuppression, resulting in robust activation of the immune system and lasting immune responses. Whereas, their clinical use faces several challenges, especially the low response rate in most patients. As an increasing number of studies have focused on membrane immune checkpoint protein trafficking and degradation, which interferes with response to immunotherapy, it is necessary to summarize the mechanism regulating those transmembrane domain proteins translocated into the cytoplasm and degraded via lysosome. In addition, other immune-related transmembrane domain proteins such as T-cell receptor and major histocompatibility are associated with neoantigen presentation. The endosomal-lysosomal system can also regulate TCR and neoantigen-MHC complexes on the membrane to affect the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy and cancer vaccines. In conclusion, we discuss the process of surface delivery, internalization, recycling, and degradation of immune checkpoint proteins, TCR, and neoantigen-MHC complexes on the endosomal-lysosomal system in biology for optimizing cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Zhifeng Deng
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Ting Zhu
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
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Qu X, Sun D, Cheng Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Xu W, Qi G, Xu S. Electrostimulus-associated PD-L1 expression on cell membrane revealed by immune SERS nanoprobes. Analyst 2022; 147:527-533. [PMID: 35048911 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is considered a major immune checkpoint protein that mediates antitumor immune suppression and response. Effectively regulating PD-L1 expression and dynamic monitoring has become a significant challenge in immunotherapy. Herein, we adopted smart surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobes to discriminate and monitor the dynamic expression of PD-L1 under external electrostimulation (ES). The PD-L1 expression levels in three cell lines (MCF-7 cells, HeLa cells, and H8 cells) were assessed before and after ES. The results reveal that ES could effectively and rapidly mediate a transformation in the PD-L1 content (or activity) on the cell membrane. Moreover, the molecular profiles of the cell membrane before and after ES were revealed by using the label-free SERS method with the help of immune plasmonic nanoparticles. The cell membrane protein information presented identifiable conformation changes after ES, showing a significant inhibitory effect on the bridge of PD-L1 and its antibody. This study indicates that ES is superior to chemical drugs due to lesser side effects because ES-based regulation does not depend on intracellular signalling pathways. This strategy is versatile and robust for discriminating and monitoring PD-L1 on cell membranes, thus providing potential clinical application value to PD-L1-mediated systems. This study also offers a practical way to assess the molecular profiles of cell membrane proteins in the presence of an external stimulus, which may be applicable to many membrane protein-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China. .,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, P. R. China.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Dan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China. .,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China. .,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Changchun Central Hospital, Changchun, 130061, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China. .,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China. .,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Wang P, Tang L, Zhou B, Cheng L, Zhao RC, Zhang J. Analytical methods for the detection of PD-1/PD-L1 and other molecules related to immune checkpoints. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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